Verfügbarkeit: The English in America

The English in America: 4 The middle colonies

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Doyle, John A. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	New York AMS Press 1969
Ausgabe:	Repr. from the ed. London 1907
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XVI, 563 S.

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. FOUNDATION OP NEW NETHERLANDS. PAGE Dutch as colonists .......... 1 The early Dutch voyagers ........ 4 Henry Hudson .......... 7 The Dutch in the Hudson Biver ....... 8 The Northern Company ......... 9 Treaty at Tawasentha ......... 10 The Dutch West India Company ....... 11 Colonial progress of the Company ....... 14 The patroons ........ . . .16 SmaÜ proprietors .......... 17 Increase of population ......... 18 Position of the Governor ......... 19 Peter Minuit ........... 20 Wouter Van Twiller ......... 20 Van Twiller and De Vries........ 21 Encroachments from New England ....... 22 William Kieft ........... 22 The Twelve and the Indian War ....... 24 The Twelve and Kieft ......... 25 Troubles with the Indians ........ 26 Attacks on Kieft .......... 27 Tho Council of Eight ......... 28 End of the Indian war ......... 29 Want of constitutional machinery ....... 31 Eeport of the Rekenkammer ....... 32 Peter Stuyvesant .......... 33 Representative government introduced ...... 34 Municipal institutions ......... 36 New Amsterdam becomes a city ....... 88 Action of the town council ........ 40 Stuyvesant s reform .......... 42 Conference of delegates ......... 43 viii CONTENTS. PAOB Second conference ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ · . . .45 English influence .......... 45 The greater trarghership ......... 47 Inefficiency ol the Company ........ 50 Increase oi population ......... 61 Religious condition of the colony ....... 52 Independent congregations ........ 53 Quakers in New Netherlands ........ 65 Education ........ 59 Industrial life ........... 61 Dealings with Indians ......... 63 Outbreak of war, 1655......... 64 Troubles with Indians in 1658........ 66 Dealings with the Five Nations ....... 67 The Swedish colony ......... 68 William Usselinx .......... 69 Usselinx and Gustavas Adolphus ....... 71 The Swedes at Swanendael ........ 72 Formation of a Swedish Company ....... 73 The Swedes on the Schuylkill ....... 74 Growth of the Swedish colony ....... 76 Hostility between Dutch and Swedes ...... 78 Policy of Stuyvesant towards the Swedes ..... 80 Further efforts by Sweden ........ 81 Overthrow of the Swedish colony by Stuyvesant .... 83 Foundation of New Amstel ........ 85 Difficulties besetting New Amstel ....... 88 Proposed migration from New Haven ...... 91 The Mennonites .......... 92 Outward appearance of New Amsterdam ..... 94 Education in New Netherlands ....... 96 CHAPTER II. THE ENGLISH CONQUEST. New Netherlands gradually Anglicized ...... 98 Treaty of Hartford .......... 99 English settlere in New Netherlands ...... 100 Stuyvesant favours the English ....... 103 Disputes between Dutch and English ...... 104 English territorial claims ......... 106 Disputes between the Dutch and Maryland ..... 107 Changed policy of England ........ 110 Disputes between the Dutch and Connecticut ..... 110 John Scott ........... 112 CONTENTS. IX PAQE Carierei and Berkeley ......... 114 Calumnies against New Netherlands ...... 115 Duke of York s patent ......... 116 Moral aspect of the conquest ........ 117 Grant to Carteret and Berkeley ....... 118 Arrangements for enforcing the Duke s claim ..... 119 Bichard Nicolls .......... 120 Defenceless condition of New Netherlands ..... 121 Nicolls opens negotiations ........ 125 Convention at Gravesend ......... 128 Conquest at New Amsterdam ........ 129 Submission of the rest of the colony ...... 132 Carr on the Delaware ......... 134 Nioolls s policy ........... 135 System of legislation ......... 136 Convention at Heemstede ........ 137 Influence of New England ........ 140 The Duke s laws .......... 141 Ecclesiastical system ......... 142 Penal system ........... 143 Nicolle e treatment of the Dutch ....... 144 Affairs at Albany .......... 145 New York to be a check on New England ..... 147 No disaffection among the Dutch ....... 148 Treaty of Breda .......... 149 Altered relations of the English colonies to France .... 150 Dealings with the Five Nations ....... 151 The French and the Indians ........ 152 Effect of the grant to Carteret and Berkeley ..... 158 The New Jersey concessions . . . . . . . .159 Settlement of New Jersey ........ ICO Career and character of Nicolls ....... 162 CHAPTER III. THE DUTCH BECONQUEST. Francis Lovelace .......... 164 Disaffection on Long Island ........ 164 General policy of the Proprietor ....... 167 Affairs of New Jersey ......... 169 Insurrection on the Delaware ........ 169 Attack from Maryland ......... 170 Outbreak of war with Holland ........ 172 Dutch fleet threatens New York ....... 173 Capture of New York ......... 174 X CONTENTS. рлав Action of the Dutch commanders ....... 175 The colony under Colve ......... 177 Dieaffection among the English inhabitants ..... 178 Motives of the Dutch for retaining the colony ..... 181 Final cession of the colony by the Dutch ...... 182 CHAPTER IV. NEW YOKK UNDEH ANDROS AND DONGÁN. Altered position of New York ........ 183 Position of Carteret and Berkeley ....... 185 Fresh grant to Carteret ......... 185 Andros appointed Governor ........ 187 He reaches New York ......... 188 Negotiations with Colve ......... 188 Court martial on Manning ........ 189 Demand for representative institutions ...... 190 Dealings of Andros with New England ...... 193 Ecclesiastical matters ......... 195 Grievances of the colonists against Andros ..... 197 Dispute about customs ......... 198 Further demand for representation ....... 199 Probable influence of Penn with the Duke ..... 201 Dongán becomes Governor ........ 202 His instructions .......... 204 First Assembly summoned ........ 205 Composition of the Assembly ........ 206 The Charter of Liberties ........ 207 Bevernie Act ........... 208 Growth of English feeling and influence ...... 209 Proposed incorporation of New York ...... 210 Disputes with New Jersey ........ 210 Disputes with Connecticut ........ 211 The Proprietor becomes King ........ 212 Incorporation of New York and Albany ...... 212 Fresh land patents .......... 213 Eepresentative system annulled ....... 214 James II. s policy of consolidation ....... 216 Dongan s anti-Canadian policy ....... 216 The French and the Five Nations ....... 217 Policy of Frontenac .......... 219 French missions among the Five Nations ..... 221 Frontenac replaced by De la Barre ....... 222 Dongan s dealings with the French and the Indians . . . 223 Policy of the Iroquois ......... 225 CONTENTS. ХІ PAGE Denonville succeeds De la Barre ....... 226 Treaty of Whitehall .......... 228 Policy of Dongán .......... 229 He is supported by the King ........ 23X James II. s projects of colonial union ...... 232 CHAPTER V. THE BEVOLUTION IN NEW YOBK. Constitution of the new province ....... 236 Andros appointed Governor ......... 238 French scheme of invasion ........ 239 Mohawks invade Canada ......... 239 News of the Devolution reaches New York ..... 240 Nicholson s dispute with Leisler....... 241 Disaffection on Long Island ........ 242 Malcontents seize the fort ........ 243 Progress of the Eevolution ........ 244 Assumption of authority by Leisler....... 246 The New York convention ........ 246 Anti-Papal panic .......... 248 Elections held under Leisler........ 250 Position of Albany .......... 251 The Albany convention ......... 251 Preparations against French invasion ...... 252 Albany makes itself independent of Leisler..... 253 Further encroachments by Leisler....... 255 Proceedings of the Home Government ...... 255 Leisler usurps the governorship ....... 256 An anti-Leislerite party ......... 259 Dealings with the Five Nations ........ 260 French scheme of invasion ........ 261 Destruction of Schenectady ........ 262 Violent conduct of Leisler........ 263 He calls an Assembly ......... 264 Proposes a colonial convention ....... 265 Failure of the campaign ......... 266 John Schuyler s raid ......... 267 The Assembly meet .......... 267 Decline of Leisler s influence ........ 268 Apathy of the English Government ....... 269 Col. Sloughter appointed Governor ....... 270 His arrival delayed .......... 271 Defiant attitude of Leisler........ 272 He fires on the troops ......... 274 XU CONTENTS. PAGB Arrival of Slonghter .......... 275 Submission of Leisler......... 276 His trial............ 276 Sentence on Leisler.......... 278 An Assembly summoned ......... 279 Discussion as to Leisler s execution .... . . 280 Leisler and Mfflbore executed ........ 282 CHAPTER VI. NEW ÏOBK AFTBB THE REVOLUTION . Effect of Leisler s rebellion ........ 283 Attempts to define the constitution ....... 285 Bill of Eights ........... 285 Death of Sloughter .......... 287 Appointment of Fletcher ......... 287 His instructions .......... 288 Dispute about Church endowments ....... 289 John Nelson and his Indian policy ....... 290 Brooke s and Nicolls s memorial ....... 292 Fletcher advocates consolidation ....... 292 Difficulties with the Five Nations ....... 295 French invasion in 1692......... 297 Expedition under Peter Schuyler ....... 298 Difficulties of the situation ........ 299 Fletcher and the Mohawks ........ 300 French negotiations with the Mohawks ...... 301 Conference at Albany, 1694........ 302 Indian envoys at Quebec ......... 303 Mohawk prisoner tortured by the French ..... 304 Frontenac restores Fort Cataracouy . ..... 305 Frontenac s progress through the Mohawk country .... 306 Raid against Albany .......... 307 Fletcher s corrupt dealings ........ 308 His alliance with the Assembly ....... 310 Bellomont succeeds Fletcher ........ 811 The election of 1699.......... 313 Changes in the Council and Assembly ...... 315 The French and the Five Nations ....... 316 Bellomont s Indian and anti-Freucb. policy ..... 318 Lack of missionary enterprise ........ 320 Livingstone s policy .......... 320 Cornbury becomes Governor ........ 322 An interregnum .......... 324 Revival of the Leislerite party ........ 325 Trial of Bayard .......... 328 CONTENTS. xiii рлак Combury s policy .......... 329 His financial misdeeds ......... 333 His dealings with the Assembly ....... 334 Ecclesiastical dispute ......... 336 Trial of M Kemie .......... 337 Cornbury s disputes with the Assembly ...... 340 Cornbury recalled .......... 342 Appointment and death of Lovelace ....... 343 Unsuccessful expedition against Canada, 1709 . . . . . 345 Peter Schuyler brings Mohawk chiefs to England .... 346 Character of Hunter .......... 348 He visits Albany .......... 349 Lewis Morris ........... 350 Dispute about salariée and fees ....... 351 Treaty of Utrecht .......... 354 Dispute with the French about Fort Frontenac .... 355 Hunter s land policy .......... 356 The negro plot ........... 356 The Palatines ........... 360 General effect of Hunter s policy ....... 861 CHAPTEB VII. SETTLEMENT OF NEW JERSEY. Quakerism as a power in colonial history ...... 863 New Jersey the earliest Quaker colony ...... 366 The first settlement of New Jersey ....... 367 Dealings of the Proprietors with the existing settlers . . . 368 First General Assembly ......... 370 Difficulties with Proprietors and settlers ...... 372 Bebellion headed by James Carteret ...... 373 The Dutch reconquest ......... 375 Recovery of the colony by the Proprietors ..... 377 Transfer to Perm and his partners ....... 378 Fenwick e proceedings ......... 379 Andres s dealings with Fenwick ....... 380 Division of the province ......... 381 Policy of Penn and his associates ....... 383 Artides of the constitution ........ 384 Foundation of Burlington ......... 386 Fresh disputes between Andros and Fenwick ..... 386 Position of Penn and his partners ....... 387 Dispute with Andros about customs ....... 388 Perm s remonstrance ......... 389 Settlement of the dispute ........■ 391 Andros attempts to levy customs in East Jersey .... 392 XIV CONTENTS. PAGE Andros arrests Philip Carteret and summons an Assembly . . 394 Further disputes between Carteret and the settlers .... 896 Working of the proprietary system ....... 399 Transfer of Carteret s proprietorship ...... 400 Penn and some Scotchmen purchase East Jersey .... 402 Barclay appointed Governor ........ 404 Assembly called ; its proceedings ....... 405 The Fundamental Constitutions ....... 406 They are modified .......... 410 Material condition of the colony ....... 411 Effect of the change of Proprietors ....... 412 Further emigration from Scotland ....... 413 New York jealous of New Jersey ....... 416 Đongan s dealings with New Jersey ...... 417 Contest for Staten Island......... 417 State óf West Jersey ......... 420 Fenwick s settlement incorporated ....... 422 New Jersey forms part of Andros s province ..... 423 Surrender by the Proprietors ........ 425 Daniel Cox ........... 426 Dealings of Andros with New Jersey ...... 427 The Eevolution of 1688 in New Jersey ...... 427 Formation of a new proprietary ....... 429 Hamilton Governor of both provinces ...... 430 Bass succeeds him . . ......... 431 Difficulty with New York about customs ...... 431 The case of the Hester ......... 432 Disunited state of New Jersey ........ 434 Morris and Bass .......... 435 Disputes about the governorship ....... 437 Surrender of the colony by the Proprietors ..... 439 CHAPTER VIII. NEW JEESEY A CROWN COLONY. General condition of the colony ....... 444 Want of money ........... 445 Dealings with Indians ......... 445 State of education .......... 446 Beligious condition of the colony ....... 447 Combury appointed Governor ........ 448 His instructions .......... 449 Difficulties of his position ......... 453 Cornbury and the Quakers ........ 454 His quarrel with the Assembly ....... 454 Assembly elected .......... 454 CONTENTS. χν PAGE Its proceedings ........... 455 Action of the English Government ....... 460 Assembly of 1707.......... 461 Its dispute with Cornbury ........ 462 Assembly of 1708.......... 464 Lovelace s instructions ···...... 466 Importance of the dispute between Cornbury and the Assembly . 467 Interregnum between Lovelace and Hunter ..... 469 Hunter appointed Governor ........ 471 His attitude towards parties ........ 47I Sandford expelled from the Assembly ...... 473 Disputes between the Council and the Representatives . . . 474 Triumph of Hunter s party ........ 475 CHAPTER IX. THE FOUNDATION OF PENNSYLVANIA. Absence of biographical interest in American history . . . 479 Character of Penn .......... 480 His scheme of colonization ........ 484 His grant of territory ......... 435 Hie charter ........... 487 His intentions as a colonizer ........ 489 His · concessions .......... 490 His policy towards the natives ........ 49O The first emigration ......... 49I Constitutional arrangements ........ 491 Frame of government ......... 49I Further grant of territory from the Duke of York .... 497 Welsh settlers ........... 498 Incorporation of Newcastle ........ 499 The first Assembly .......... 500 The Great Body of Laws ........ 501 Foundation of Philadelphia ........ 502 Perm s treaty with the Indians ..... . 503 The second Assembly ....... . 505 The new charter ........ . 506 Perm s aocouct of the colony ...... . 507 His descriptions of the natives ........ 508 Penn accused of Popery ......... 510 Difficulty about the Indian trade . ,...... 511 Establishment of a small Privy Council ...... 512 Lack of activity in public life ........ 513 Legislative measures ......... 513 Growth of the colony ......... 514 Alarm from the Indians .......... 615 XVI CONTENTS. PIGI Perm s instructions to his deputy ....... 516 George Keith ........... 617 Dispute between the province and the territories .... 520 Pennsylvania included in Fletcher s commission .... 522 Penn s remonstrance ......... 523 Fletoher at Philadelphia ......... 524 His disputes with the Assembly ....... 525 Bestoration of Perm .......... 529 Act of Settlement .......... 530 Penn s protest against smuggling ....... 531 Penn revisits the colony ......... 582 His proprietorship in danger ......... 533 His territorial dispute with the settlers ...... 533 Demand of Delaware for separation ....... 585 The new constitution .......... 586 Charter granted to Philadelphia ....... 587 Penn finally departs .......... 587 His dispute with Quarry ......... 537 Hamilton becomes Governor ........ 538 Succeeded by Evans .......... 539 Evans falls out with the Assembly ....... 539 The Assembly attack Logan ........ 542 Further disputes .......... 544 French intrigues with Indians ........ 544 Gookin becomes Governor ........ 545 Disputes in the colony ......... 546 Penn s difficulties .......... 547 Further disputes in the colony ........ 549 Question about oaths ......... 550 Appendix I. Peter Heyn s Memorial ...... 558 Appendices II and III .......... 554 Appendix IV. Middletown and Shrewsbury ..... 554 Appendix V. Value of Land in Pennsylvania .... 555 Index ............ 557 Errata. Page 8, line 14 : for till at Albany read till at what was afterwards the site of Albany Page 100, line 5 from foot : for Dock read Donck Page 194 : dele marginal note * Andros recalled Page SSO, last line ) м ОтШт^ rmđ Cateraoony Page 239, last line but one і Page 292, line 13 : for Oonestagawa read Ooneetago Page 311, lines 13,22, and SO, for Lancy read Lancey. Tbe name Is occasionally spelt without the et but the spelling which I have adopted seems to be the correot one Page 336, line 8 from foot : for twelve miles from Long Island read twelve miles from tbe southern point of Long Island Page 378, line 22 : dele as we nave seen Page 444, note 3 : for Thome read Thomas
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spellingShingle	Doyle, John A. The English in America
title	The English in America
title_auth	The English in America
title_exact_search	The English in America
title_full	The English in America 4 The middle colonies by J. A. Doyle
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title_short	The English in America
title_sort	the english in america the middle colonies
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