Tea: cultivation to consumption
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Chapman & Hall
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 769 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0412338505 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804118941330571264 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Colour plate section between pages 300 and 301
List of contributors xii
Foreword by H. Ferguson xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Preface xx
1 Historical Introduction
/. Weatherstone
1.1 China 2000 years of tea 1
1.2 The discovery of the tea plant in north east India 6
1.3 A river journey of a thousand miles 8
1.4 The way forward the introduction of the plantation system 11
1.5 The first Indian tea 14
1.6 Tea in Ceylon: planted in the ashes of the coffee bushes 17
1.7 Early pioneering by the Dutch 20
1.8 Conclusion 22
Bibliography 23
2 Botanical classification of tea
6. Banerjee
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 Problems in tea taxonomy 25
2.3 Features of taxonomic importance 27
2.4 The tea varieties 30
2.5 The true tea species 33
2.6 The non tea teas 37
2.7 Key to species and sub species 39
2.8 Tea hybrids and the genetic pool 39
2.9 Hybrid differentiation 41
2.10 Tea germplasm and wild tea 46
2.11 Future thrust 47
References 48
vi Contents
3 Selection and breeding of tea
B. Banerjee
3.1 Introduction 53
3.2 The selection process 54
3.3 Selection criteria for yield 55
3.4 Selection for quality 60
3.5 Selection for seed varieties 62
3.6 Vegetative propagation 66
3.7 Hybridization 70
3.8 Clonal seed variety 72
3.9 Interspecific hybridization 73
3.10 Inheritance 74
3.11 Non conventional breeding 75
3.12 Breeding strategies 77
3.13 Conclusion: the future trend 79
References 81
4 Climate, weather and the yield of tea
M. K. V. Can and W. Stephens
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Growth processes: a basis for comparison 88
4.3 Climatic variables 94
4.4 Commercial yields: case studies in Eastern Africa 115
4.5 Conclusions 130
Acknowledgements 131
References 132
5 Soils
C. O. Othieno
5.1 Introduction 137
5.2 Formation and types of tea soils 137
5.3 Classification of tea soils 140
5.4 Identification through indigenous vegetation 141
5.5 Chemical properties 141
5.6 Physical properties 155
5.7 Biological properties 161
5.8 Management of tea soils 163
5.9 Uprooted and replanted tea land 168
References 170
6 Tea crop physiology
T. W. Tanton
6.1 Introduction 173
6.2 Crop development and components of yield 174
Contents vii
6.3 The relationship between photosynthesis and yield 180
6.4 Dormancy in snoots 183
6.5 Effect of temperature on shoot growth 185
6.6 Effect of dry air on shoot growth 190
6.7 Effect of day length on shoot growth 194
References 197
7 Field operations: 1
K. C. Willson
7.1 Choice of site 201
7.2 Land clearance and preparation 202
7.3 Erosion control and drains 202
7.4 Provenance of plants 208
7.5 Tea seed production 209
7.6 Propagation 209
7.7 Field spacing 217
7.8 Field planting 218
7.9 Infilling and interplanting 219
7.10 Shade and shelter 220
7.11 Weed control 221
7.12 Irrigation 222
7.13 Hail 222
References 223
8 Field operations: 2
K. C. Willson
8.1 Bringing into bearing and pruning 227
8.2 Rejuvenation of old plantations 239
8.3 Harvesting 241
8.4 Mechanization of field operations 249
8.5 Fuelwood and diversification 259
8.6 Other products from tea 261
References 263
9 Mineral nutrition and fertilizers
D. Bonheure and K. C. Willson
9.1 Introduction 269
9.2 Loss of nutrients 269
9.3 Outline of nutrition 270
9.4 Effects of individual nutrients 271
9.5 Organic fertilizers 290
9.6 Foliar analysis 296
9.7 Practical fertilization 304
viii Contents
9.8 Symptoms of nutrient deficiency and toxicity 311
9.9 Use of growth regulating chemicals 318
9.10 The effect of fertilizers on tea quality 319
References 321
10 Pest and disease control in Africa
P. S. Rattan
10.1 Introduction 331
10.2 Pests and their control 331
10.3 Diseases and their control 341
10.4 Pesticides and their application 350
References 350
11 Disease control in Asia
P. V. Arulpragasam
11.1 Introduction 353
11.2 Effects of diseases on tea production 353
11.3 Disease management in tea 355
11.4 Common diseases of tea 360
References 373
12 Pest control in Asia
N. Mumleedharan
12.1 Introduction 375
12.2 Crop loss 375
12.3 Important pests 376
12.4 Ecology of pests 397
12.5 Pest management 403
12.6 Future strategies 408
References 408
13 Green and semi fermented teas
T. Takeo
13.1 Introduction to green tea production 413
13.2 A brief history of the production of shade grown green
teas—Ten cha, Gyokuro and Ceremony tea (Matsu cha) 414
13.3 The cultivation and production of steamed, unshaded
green tea (Sen cha) 417
13.4 The production of pan fried green tea (Chinese green
tea, Kamairi cha) 423
13.5 The character of green tea 423
13.6 Semi fermented tea (oolong tea) 443
References 454
Contents ix
14 Production of black tea
M. G. Hampton
14.1 Introduction 459
14.2 Raw materials and products 461
14.3 Principal stages of processing 463
14.4 Process engineering considerations 463
14.5 Air utilization in tea manufacture 467
14.6 The withering stage 478
14.7 Leaf disruption 481
14.8 Fermentation 490
14.9 The drying operation 494
14.10 Sorting and fibre removal 500
14.11 Fuel and power 503
14.12 Packing and transport of tea 509
References and further reading 510
15 Speciality and herbal teas
V M. }. E. Gill
7 15.1 Speciality teas 513
15.2 Herbal teas 518
15.3 Specific origin of camellia tea 519
15.4 Specific occasion teas 522
15.5 China tea 522
15.6 Flavoured teas 523
15.7 Teas with historical associations 524
15.8 Packaging format 524
15.9 Decaffeinated tea 525
15.10 Organically grown tea 527
15.11 The future 528
Appendix 15.1 Grades of black tea 529
Appendix 15.2 Types of tea 530
Appendix 15.3 Herbal teas and their benefits 533
16 Instant tea
,.• M. Salttnarsh
16.1 Introduction 535
16.2 The production of instant black tea 536
References 551
Patents 553
x Contents
17 The chemistry and biochemistry of black tea production—the
non volatiles
A. Robertson
17.1 Introduction 555
17.2 Green leaf polyphenols 555
17.3 Polyphenol oxidase 563
17.4 Black tea polyphenols 564
References 597
18 Tea aroma
/. M. Robinson and P. O. Oivuor
18.1 Introduction 603
18.2 Biogenetic pathways of the aroma compounds in tea 627
18.3 Changes in the composition of the aroma complex due
to agronomic, cultural and manufacturing practices 634
18.4 Use of the aroma complex in chemotaxonomy 638
References 639
19 The world trade in tea
R. van de Meeberg
19.1 Introduction 649
19.2 History 650
19.3 The International Tea Committee and the distribution of
world tea supplies 660
19.4 Prices and auctions 661
/19.5 Delivery of tea and payment of accounts 665
/19.6 Distribution 666
/19.7 Production, consumption and promotion 668
19.8 The future 670
/19.9 Alternative packaging for bulk tea 672
19.10 FAO Meeting, May 1989 674
19.11 Instant tea 676
19.12 Comment on 1989 data 676
19.13 Update July 1990 680
19.14 Postscript September 1990 682
19.15 World production and exports of green tea 685
19.16 Provisional data for 1990 685
References 686
20 Impurities, quality standards and legislation
R. van de Meeberg
20.1 Impurities 689
20.2 Standards 692
20.3 Legislation 698
References 705
Contents xi
21 Physiological and clinical effects of tea
V. Marks
21.1 Introduction 707
21.2 Water 707
21.3 Tea as a beverage 709
21.4 Caffeine 712
21.5 Polyphenols 729
21.6 Coronary heart disease and serum cholesterol 731
21.7 Tea and the gut 732
21.8 Trace elements and vitamins 733
21.9 Herbal teas 733
21.10 Conclusions 733
References 734
Glossary 741
Index 751
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| spelling | Tea cultivation to consumption ed. by K. C. Willson ... 1. ed. London u.a. Chapman & Hall 1992 XVIII, 769 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Thé - Commerce Tétrahydrocortisone Tea Tea trade Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Teeproduktion (DE-588)4513440-6 gnd rswk-swf Tee (DE-588)4059283-2 gnd rswk-swf Teeweltmarkt (DE-588)4200336-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Tee (DE-588)4059283-2 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 s Teeproduktion (DE-588)4513440-6 s Teeweltmarkt (DE-588)4200336-2 s Willson, Ken C. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002972170&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Tea cultivation to consumption Thé - Commerce Tétrahydrocortisone Tea Tea trade Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Teeproduktion (DE-588)4513440-6 gnd Tee (DE-588)4059283-2 gnd Teeweltmarkt (DE-588)4200336-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4184592-4 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4513440-6 (DE-588)4059283-2 (DE-588)4200336-2 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Tea cultivation to consumption |
| title_auth | Tea cultivation to consumption |
| title_exact_search | Tea cultivation to consumption |
| title_full | Tea cultivation to consumption ed. by K. C. Willson ... |
| title_fullStr | Tea cultivation to consumption ed. by K. C. Willson ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tea cultivation to consumption ed. by K. C. Willson ... |
| title_short | Tea |
| title_sort | tea cultivation to consumption |
| title_sub | cultivation to consumption |
| topic | Thé - Commerce Tétrahydrocortisone Tea Tea trade Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Teeproduktion (DE-588)4513440-6 gnd Tee (DE-588)4059283-2 gnd Teeweltmarkt (DE-588)4200336-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Thé - Commerce Tétrahydrocortisone Tea Tea trade Teeanbau Geschichte Teeproduktion Tee Teeweltmarkt Aufsatzsammlung |
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