Buy now, pay later: advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chapel Hill u.a.
Univ. of North Carolina Press
1991
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. print. in the United States of America |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 424 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0807819581 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Buy now, pay later |b advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s |c Martha L. Olney |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Chapel Hill u.a. |b Univ. of North Carolina Press |c 1991 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 424 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Advertising |z United States |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Consumer credit |z United States |x History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Durable goods, Consumer |x Purchasing |z United States |x History | |
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| adam_text | ? CONTENTS ?
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 CONTOURS OF THE CONSUMER DURABLES REVOLUTION 6
What Is a Durable Good? 6
Household Purchases of Durable Goods 9
Total Spending by Households 22
Relative Prices of Durable Goods 29
Which Durable Goods Did Households Purchase? 31
What Did Households Give Up? 47
The Consumer Durables Revolution of the 1920s 56
3 AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 57
A Prior Debate 57
A Discussion of Method for the Nonspecialist 61
A Model of Demand for Durable Goods 62
Regression Analysis: Preliminary Steps 73
Results of the Empirical Analysis 76
There Was a Consumer Durables Revolution in the 1920s 85
4 A BURGEONING CREDIT ECONOMY 86
Use of Credit 86
Need for Credit 95
Who Extended Credit 105
Demand or Supply Shifts 112
Increased Supply of Credit: Financing of Auto Sales 118
The Propriety of Borrowing 130
Legislative Changes 131
Credit Availability and the Demand for Durables 133
A Burgeoning Credit Economy 134
5 ADVERTISING CONSUMER GOODS 135
Business Expenditure for Advertising 136
The Quantity of Print Advertising 139
viii
? ? ? CONTENTS ? ? ?
Advertising and Total Consumption 144
Advertising of Durable Goods 152
Advertising Credit s Availability 160
Advertising a Good s Price 164
Why Was There More Advertising? 168
Changes in Style and Tone 173
Advertising and the Consumer Durables Revolution 179
ACHANGED ECONOMY 182
Implications of the Tale 184
Parting Words 189
APPENDIX A. TECHNICAL NOTES: ESTIMATING DURABLE GOODS EXPENDITURE AND
STOCK 191
Estimates of Nominal Expenditure 192
Estimates of Real Expenditure 212
Estimates of Real Net Stock 236
APPENDIX B. TECHNICAL NOTES: DEVELOPMENT OF ESTIMATES UNDERLYING CHAPTER 2
TABLES 278
Note 1: Sources for Estimates of Consumption Expenditures 278
Note 2: Expenditure for Perishable Goods 279
Note 3: Expenditure for Semidurable Goods 279
Note 4: Expenditure for Durable Goods 279
Note 5: Expenditure for Services 281
Note 6: Disposable Personal Income 284
Note 7: Gross Rental Value of Consumer Durable Goods 285
Note 8: Net Wealth of Households 288
APPENDIX C. TECHNICAL NOTES: ESTIMATING DEMAND 290
Derivation of Demand Equation:
Gradual Stock Adjustment Model 290
Derivation of Demand Equation: Habit Formation Model 292
Habit Formation and Gradual Stock Adjustment Models 293
Data Sources 296
Instrumental Variables 297
Dummy Variables 301
Regression Results 312
F Test Results 312
ix
? ? ? CONTENTS ? ? ?
APPENDIX D. ANALYSIS OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS 331
Data Gathered 331
Measuring Size of Advertisements 332
Classification Schemes 332
Summary Tables 334
NOTES 369
REFERENCES 403
INDEX 413
? TABLES AND FIGURES ?
TABLES
2.1A Spending for Major Durable Goods per Household, Current Price
Estimates, 1880 1986 10
2.IB Spending for Minor Durable Goods per Household, Current Price
Estimates, 1880 1986 13
2.2A Spending for Major Durable Goods per Household, Constant
Price Estimates, 1880 1986 16
2.2B Spending for Minor Durable Goods per Household, Constant
Price Estimates, 1880 1986 19
2.3 Average Shares of Total Consumption Expenditure, Current Price
Estimates, 1869 1986 25
2.4 Average Shares of Total Consumption Expenditure, Constant
(1982) Price Estimates, 1869 1986 27
2.5 Average Relative Price Indexes by Consumption Subgroup, 1869
1986 32
2.6A Average Shares of Expenditure for Major Durable Goods, Current
Price Estimates, 1869 1986 34
2.6B Average Shares of Expenditure for Minor Durable Goods, Current
Price Estimates, 1869 1986 37
2.7A Average Shares of Expenditure for Major Durable Goods,
Constant (1982) Price Estimates, 1869 1986 41
2.7B Average Shares of Expenditure for Minor Durable Goods,
Constant (1982) Price Estimates, 1869 1986 44
2.8 Average Shares of Disposable Income (Purchases of Consumer
Durables as Consumption Spending), Current Price Estimates,
1869 1986 48
2.9 Average Shares of Disposable Income (Purchases of Consumer
Durables as Consumption Spending), Constant (1982) Price
Estimates, 1869 1986 50
2.10 Average Shares of Disposable Income (Purchases of Consumer
Durables as Investment Spending), Constant (1982) Price
Estimates, 1900 1986 55
xi
xii
? ? ? TABLES AND FIGURES ? ? ?
3.1 Correlation Coefficients 74
3.2 Estimated Own Price and Income Elasticities 79
3.3 Did Demand Shift? 82
4.1 Outstanding Short Term Nonmortgage Consumer Debt, 1900
1939 87
4.2 Outstanding Consumer Debt by Product Group, 1919 1939 93
4.3 Sales of Automobiles to Households, 1919 1939 96
4.4 Retail Sales on Credit, 1929 and 1939 98
4.5 Prices of Durable Goods Compared with Disposable Income,
Selected Years, 1906 1940 103
4.6 Installment Loan Volume by Type of Financial Institution 108
4.7 Sales Finance Company Offices by State, 1935 111
4.8 Down Payments Required and Maximum Contract Maturity,
NAFC Member Companies, 1932 114
4.9 Finance Charges and Effective Interest Rates Assessed by NAFC
Member Companies, 1932 116
4.10 General Motors Car Production, Sales, and Dealer Inventory,
1922 1928 121
5.1 Business Expenditure for Advertising, 1880 1935 137
5.2 Volume of Advertising by General Product Type, 1901 1941 145
5.3 Share of Advertising by General Product Type, 1901 1941 149
5.4 Share of Advertising for Durable Goods by Product, 1901
1941 154
5.5 Shares of Number of Advertisements That Mention Credit,
1901 1941 161
5.6 Shares of Number of Advertisements That Mention Price, 1901—
1941 165
A. 1 Inventory Adjustment Factor, 1919 1933 194
A.2 Retail Markup Factors, 1867 1929 195
A.3 Retail Markup Factors: Comparing Barger and Goldsmith,
Decennial Estimates, 1869 1947 196
A.4 Consumer Allocation Adjustment Factors, 1867 1929 199
A. 5 Correspondences between Commodity Groups 200
A.6 Nominal Expenditure by Commodity Group, 1869 1986 213
A. 7 Real Expenditure by Commodity Group, 1869 1986 228
A.8 Price Deflators by Commodity Group, 1869 1986 237
A.9 Average Service Lives 246
xiii
? ? ? TABLES AND FIGURES ? ? ?
A. 10 Original Winfrey and Modified Winfrey L 2 Retirement
Patterns 250
A. 11 Distribution of Expected Service Lives, by Commodity
Group 253
A. 12 Depreciation by Commodity Group, Various Years to 1983 262
A. 13 Net Stock by Commodity Group, Various Years to 1986 270
B. 1 Distribution of Nondurable Goods between Perishable and
Semidurable Goods 280
B.2 Changes Made to 1929 Expenditure for Services 282
Cl Independent Variables Used in Regression Analysis 298
C.2 Instrumental Variables Used in Regression Analysis 303
C.3 Estimated Coefficients: Automobiles and Parts 314
C.4 Estimated Coefficients: Transportation Vehicles 315
C.5 Estimated Coefficients: Furniture 316
C.6 Estimated Coefficients: Household Appliances 317
C7 Estimated Coefficients: Radios and Musical Instruments 318
C.8 Estimated Coefficients: Radios and Phonographs 319
C.9 Estimated Coefficients: Pianos and Other Musical
Instruments 320
C10 Estimated Coefficients: China and Tableware 321
Cll Estimated Coefficients: Durable House Furnishings 322
Cl2 Estimated Coefficients: Jewelry and Watches 323
C.13 Estimated Coefficients: Orthopedic and Ophthalmic
Products 324
C.14 Estimated Coefficients: Books and Maps 325
C.I5 Estimated Coefficients: Miscellaneous Other Durables 326
C.16 Estimated Coefficients: Major Durable Goods 327
Cl7 Estimated Coefficients: Minor Durable Goods 328
C.18 Estimated Coefficients: Total Durable Goods 329
C. 19 Value of F Statistic Testing Stability of Demand
Relationship 330
D.I Classification of Products: Nondurable Goods and Services 334
D.2 Classification of Products: Durable Goods 335
D.3A Number of Advertisements, 1901 1941 338
D.3B Pages of Advertisements, 1901 1941 341
D.4A Number of Advertisements for Durable Goods, 1901 1941 344
D.4B Pages of Advertisements for Durable Goods, 1901 1941 347
xiv
? ? ? TABLES AND FIGURES ? ? ?
D.5A Number of Advertisements for Durable Goods Including Picture
of Product, 1901 1941 350
D.5B Pages of Advertisements for Durable Goods Including Picture of
Product, 1901 1941 353
D.6A Number of Advertisements for Durable Goods Mentioning
Credit Availability, 1901 1941 356
D.6B Pages of Advertisements for Durable Goods Mentioning Credit
Availability, 1901 1941 359
D.7A Number of Advertisements for Durable Goods Mentioning Price,
1901 1941 362
D.7B Pages of Advertisements for Durable Goods Mentioning Price,
1901 1941 365
FIGURES
2.1 Three Year Moving Averages of Major and Minor Durable Goods
Expenditure as a Share of Total Consumption Expenditure, 1870
1985 30
2.2 Three Year Moving Averages of Unadjusted and Adjusted
Personal Saving Rates, 1901 1982 54
4.1 Debt as a Percentage of Income, 1900 1939 92
4.2 A Sample Installment Sales Contract 110
4.3 Supply or Demand Shifts? 113
4.4 General Motors Car Production and Dealer Inventory, 1922
1928 124
5.1 Total Pages of Advertisements, 1901 1941 141
5.2 Share of Each Issue Devoted to Advertisements, 1901 1941 142
5.3 Average Size of Advertisements, 1901 1941 143
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| discipline | Geschichte Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
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| spelling | Olney, Martha L. Verfasser aut Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s Martha L. Olney 1. print. in the United States of America Chapel Hill u.a. Univ. of North Carolina Press 1991 XVII, 424 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1920-1930 gnd rswk-swf Advertenties gtt Biens de consommation durables - Achat - États-Unis - Histoire Consumentenkrediet gtt Consumptiegoederen gtt Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire ram Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire ram Geschichte Advertising United States History Consumer credit United States History Durable goods, Consumer Purchasing United States History Privater Verbrauch (DE-588)4076351-1 gnd rswk-swf Verbrauchsgut (DE-588)4187579-5 gnd rswk-swf Konsumentenkredit (DE-588)4032243-9 gnd rswk-swf USA USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Verbrauchsgut (DE-588)4187579-5 s Privater Verbrauch (DE-588)4076351-1 s Konsumentenkredit (DE-588)4032243-9 s Geschichte 1920-1930 z DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002837646&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Olney, Martha L. Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s Advertenties gtt Biens de consommation durables - Achat - États-Unis - Histoire Consumentenkrediet gtt Consumptiegoederen gtt Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire ram Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire ram Geschichte Advertising United States History Consumer credit United States History Durable goods, Consumer Purchasing United States History Privater Verbrauch (DE-588)4076351-1 gnd Verbrauchsgut (DE-588)4187579-5 gnd Konsumentenkredit (DE-588)4032243-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076351-1 (DE-588)4187579-5 (DE-588)4032243-9 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
| title | Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s |
| title_auth | Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s |
| title_exact_search | Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s |
| title_full | Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s Martha L. Olney |
| title_fullStr | Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s Martha L. Olney |
| title_full_unstemmed | Buy now, pay later advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s Martha L. Olney |
| title_short | Buy now, pay later |
| title_sort | buy now pay later advertising credit and consumer durables in the 1920s |
| title_sub | advertising, credit, and consumer durables in the 1920s |
| topic | Advertenties gtt Biens de consommation durables - Achat - États-Unis - Histoire Consumentenkrediet gtt Consumptiegoederen gtt Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire ram Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire ram Geschichte Advertising United States History Consumer credit United States History Durable goods, Consumer Purchasing United States History Privater Verbrauch (DE-588)4076351-1 gnd Verbrauchsgut (DE-588)4187579-5 gnd Konsumentenkredit (DE-588)4032243-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Advertenties Biens de consommation durables - Achat - États-Unis - Histoire Consumentenkrediet Consumptiegoederen Crédit à la consommation - États-Unis - Histoire Publicité - États-Unis - Histoire Geschichte Advertising United States History Consumer credit United States History Durable goods, Consumer Purchasing United States History Privater Verbrauch Verbrauchsgut Konsumentenkredit USA |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002837646&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olneymarthal buynowpaylateradvertisingcreditandconsumerdurablesinthe1920s |