Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston u.a.
Kluwer
1991
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science
119 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 403 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0792390989 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804118555224965120 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | NATURAL LANGUAGE
GENERATION IN ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE AND
COMPUTATIONAL
LINGUISTICS
Editors
Cecile L Paris
William R Swartout
William C Mann
University of Southern California
Information Sciences Institute
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
Boston/Dordrecht/London
Contents
Contents v
Preface xv
Authors xxi
I TEXT PLANNING 1
1 A Reactive Approach to Explanation: Taking the User s
Feedback into Account
Johanna D Moore and William R Swartout 3
1 1 Introduction 4
1 2 Limitations of Conventional Explanation Systems 6
1 3 Related Work in Natural Language Generation 7
1 4 System Overview 9
141 The Plan Language 13
142 The Plan Operator Space 19
143 The Planning Mechanism 21
1 5 Examples 23
151 Planning a Response 23
152 Disambiguating Follow-up Why Questions 30
153 Answering a Vaguely-Articulated Follow-Up
Question 39
VI
1 6 Status and Future Work 41
161 More Sophisticated Management and Use of
Dialogue History 41
162 Execution Monitoring 42
163 Incorporating Pragmatic Goals 43
164 Multi-Media Communication Planning 44
1 7 Conclusions 44
2 Generation and Explanation: Building an Explanation Facility
for the Explainable Expert Systems Framework *
Cecile L Paris 49
2 1 Introduction 50
2 2 Natural Language Generation and Explanation for Expert Systems 50
221 Current Expert System Explanation Facilities 50
222 Constructing an Appropriate Answer 51
2 3 The EES Architecture and How It Affects Explanation 53
2 4 The Requirements for our Explanation Facility 56
241 Identifying the Set of Questions to Answer 58
2 5 Developing the Explanation Facility for EES 59
251 Initial Attempt: Use of Schemata 59
252 Examples of How These Schemata Were Used to Produce
Paragraph-Length Explanations 60
253 Do Schemata Fulfill Our Requirements? 60
254 Other Existing Generation Techniques 63
255 From Schema to the New EES Text Plan Language 66
2 6 Tailoring Explanations 71
261 Tailoring the content and organization of the text 71
262 Tailoring the phrasing of the text 73
2 7 Direction for Future Work: Acquiring and Changing
Plan Operators 75
2 8 Conclusions 78
V l l
3 Approaches to the Planning of Coherent Text
Eduard H Hovy 83
3 1 Introduction 84
3 2 Structuring Paragraphs using Rst 85
321 Background to the Planning 85
322 An Example of the Planning Process 86
3 3 Relation/Plans, Schemas, and Clause-Level Rules 92
331 Relation/Plans and Schemas 92
332 Desirable Characteristics of Relation/Plans 94
333 Relation/Plans and Clause-Level Rules 95
3 4 Top-Down and Open-Ended Planning 97
341A Different Treatment of Growth Points 97
342 Hybridization 99
3 5 Conclusion 100
4 Focus of attention: Constraining what can be said next
Kathleen F McCoy and Jeannette Cheng 103
4 1 Introduction 104
4 2 Different Kinds of Focusing Items 105
4 3 Discourse Focus Trees 108
4 4 Traversing and Building the Tree 109
4 5 Categories of Focus Nodes I l l
4 6 Syntactic Clues for Traversing the Tree 115
4 7 An Example 117
4 8 Current Directions 117
4 9 Related Research 119
4 10 Conclusions 121
5 Uncovering textual meanings: a case study involving systemic-
functional resources for the generation of Japanese texts
John A Bateman 125
5 1 Introduction 126
511 The Grammar-as-Filter Methodology 126
Vlll
512 Pervasiveness of Non-Ideational Phenomena in
Japanese 130
5 2 Particle Assignment in Japanese 132
521 The Topic Particle wa 133
522 The Case Particles ga, wo, and ni 137
5 3 Towards Text Base Distinctions 146
5 4 Principal Conclusions of the Exploration 148
6 The Implications of Revisions for Natural Language
Generation
Marie W Meieer 15£
6 1 Introduction 156
6 2 Description of the Data 156
621 Survey of the Data 157
622 Categories of Revisions 163
623A Closer Look At Conciseness 164
6 3 Goals for the Analysis: Generality 165
631 Levels of Decision Making 165
632 Generalities Across The Data 166
6 4 Analysis of the Data for Generation 168
641 Constituency 169
642 Functional Relations 169
643 Semantic Types 170
6 5 Analysis for Generation 171
651 An Efficiency Model Of Generation 172
652 Why Revision: Tension Between Goals 173
6 6 Conclusion 175
7 POPEL — A Parallel and Incremental Natural Language
Generation System
Norbert Reithinger 179
7 1 Introduction 180
7 2 The Natural Language Access System XTRA 180
IX
7 3 Contextual Knowledge for Discourse Processing 181
-731 User Model 181
732 Discourse Structure 182
7 4 The Architecture of POPEL 183
741A Classification of Generation Systems 183
742 POPEL - a Model with Feedback 184
7 5 The Structure of POPEL-WHAT 186
751 The Relevant Knowledge Selector 187
752 The Structure Activator 188
753 The Request Handler - 189
754 The Context Handler 189
7 6 The Structure of POPEL-HOW 191
761 The Four Levels of POPEL-HOW 191
762 Parallel Verbalization in POPEL-HOW 193
763 Syntactic Knowledge 193
764 Syntactical Processing in a Distributed System 195
7 7 The Gesture Generator ZORA 195
7 8 Conclusion And Future Work 196
8 Tailoring output to the user: What does user modelling
in generation mean?
Karen Sparck Jones 201
8 1 Introduction 202
8 2 Background 203
8 3 System Examples 207
8 4 Example Implications 213
8 5 Generation 218
8 6 Conclusion 223
X
II LEXICAL CHOICE 227
9 On the Pla ce of Words In the Generation Process
David D McDonald 229
9 1 Introduction 230
9 2 The Relationship Between Words and Conceptual Structures:
Feature Matching or Direct Lookup? 232
9 3 Lexical Clusters to Realize Sublexical Conceptual Units 235
931 Sublexical Conceptual Sources For Words 236
932 The Mechanics of Selection From a Lexical Cluster 238
9 4 Choices Made in the Underlying Program Rather than the
Generator 241
941 Two Objects, Two Realizations 242
942 Canonical Action Chains To Carry Shared Inferences 243
9 5 Concluding Remarks 244
10 Lexico( Grammatical) choice in text generation
Christian Matthiessen 249
10 1 The Problem: Lexical Choice in Text Generation 250
10 2 An Abstract Systemic-Functional Model of Lexis
for Text Generation 252
10 3 Internal Organization of Lexis 258
10 4 Lexis in Relation to Other Resources 261
10 4 1 Lexis in Relation to Grammar: Lexicogrammar 261
10 4 2 Lexis in Relation to Higher Levels of Organization 263
10 5 Functionality 265
10 5 1 Interpersonal and Textual Lexis 266
10 5 2 Interpersonal Lexis Combined with Ideational Lexis 266
10 5 3 Textual Lexis Combined with Ideational Lexis 268
10 6 Contextual Factors 270
10 7 The Systemic Model in Relation to Other Approaches to
the Issues 272
10 7 1 The Internal Organization of Lexis 272
10 7 2 Lexical Choice in Relation to Other Generation Processes 277
10 7 3 Metafunctional Organization of Lexis 283
10 8 Conclusion 285
XI
11 Lexical Selection and Paraphrase in a Meaning-Text
Generation Model
Lidija Iordanskaja, Richard Kittredge and Alain Polguere 293
11 1 Introduction 294
11 2 Some Features of an MTM 294
11 3 The MTM S Lexicon 296
11 3 1 Lexical Entries in the Explanatory Combinatorial
Dictionary 296
11 3 2 Points of Lexicalization 298
11 4 Sources of Paraphrase 298
11 4 1 Incremental Reductions (Simplifications) in the Semantic
Net 299
11 4 2 Passage from semantic net to deep syntactic tree 301
11 4 3 DSyntR Paraphrasing Rules Using Lexical
Functions (LFs) 305
11 4 4 Surface Syntactic Realization 307
11 5 Implementation Context 308
11 6 Summary 309
III GRAMMATICAL RESOURCES 313
12 Referent Grammar In Text Generation
Bengt Sigurd 315
12 1 From Scenes and Facts to Story and Headline 316
12 2 A Referent Dynamic Analysis of the Text 317
12 3 Referent Grammar 318
12 4 Referent Grammar in Text Analysis 319
12 5 Referent Grammar in Text Generation 321
12 6 Ranking Referents According to Interest 322
12 7 Ranking Predicates According to Inclusiveness 323
12 8 Generalizations and Abstract Referents 324
12 9 Conclusions 324
Xll
13 Segment Grammar: a Formalism for Incremental Sentence
Generation
Koenraad De Smedt and Gerard Kempen 329
13 1 Introduction 330
13 2 Segment Grammar 331
13 2 1 Formal Definition Of Segment Grammar 331
13 2 2 Informal Synopsis of Segment Grammar 332
13 3 A Lexically Driven Formulator Design 337
13 4 An Object-Oriented Implementation of Segment Grammar 341
13 5 Discussion and Relation with Other Work 343
13 5 1 Phrase Structure Rules and Categorial Grammar 344
13 5 2 Unification 346
13 5 3 TAG 346
13 6 Concluding Remarks 348
14 A Contrastive Evaluation of Functional Unification Grammar
for Surface Language Generation: A Case Study in Choice of
Connectives
Kathleen R McKeown and Michael Elhadad 351
14 1 Introduction 352
14 2 Overview of FUG 354
14 3 Choice of Connective: an Example 359
14 3 1 Previous Work in Lexical Choice 361
14 3 2 Constraints on Connective Selection 363
14 3 3 An Example of Constraint Interaction 366
14 3 4 Implementation 368
14 4 Comparison with Other Formalisms 375
14 4 1 Using an ATN for Generation 377
14 4 2 DCG 382
14 4 3 MUMBLE 383
14 4 4 Systemic Formalisms 387
14 5 Conclusions 390
14 5 1 Problems with FUG: Representation and Use of complex
constraints 391
14 5 2 Summary 392
Xlll
Index 397
|
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| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 |
| physical | XXII, 403 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1991 |
| publishDateSearch | 1991 |
| publishDateSort | 1991 |
| publisher | Kluwer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science |
| series2 | The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science |
| spelling | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics eds. Cécile L. Paris ... Boston u.a. Kluwer 1991 XXII, 403 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science 119 Computerlinguïstiek gtt Intelligence artificielle Kunstmatige intelligentie gtt Linguistique informatique Lingüística computacional Künstliche Intelligenz Artificial intelligence Computational linguistics Natural language processing (Computer science) Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 gnd rswk-swf Sprachproduktion (DE-588)4182529-9 gnd rswk-swf Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 gnd rswk-swf Sprachverarbeitung (DE-588)4116579-2 gnd rswk-swf Computerlinguistik (DE-588)4035843-4 gnd rswk-swf Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift gnd-content Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 s Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 s DE-604 Computerlinguistik (DE-588)4035843-4 s Sprachverarbeitung (DE-588)4116579-2 s Sprachproduktion (DE-588)4182529-9 s Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 s Paris, Cécile L. Sonstige oth The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science 119 (DE-604)BV023545171 119 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002716056&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics The Kluwer international series in engineering and computer science Computerlinguïstiek gtt Intelligence artificielle Kunstmatige intelligentie gtt Linguistique informatique Lingüística computacional Künstliche Intelligenz Artificial intelligence Computational linguistics Natural language processing (Computer science) Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 gnd Sprachproduktion (DE-588)4182529-9 gnd Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 gnd Sprachverarbeitung (DE-588)4116579-2 gnd Computerlinguistik (DE-588)4035843-4 gnd Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4041354-8 (DE-588)4182529-9 (DE-588)4070083-5 (DE-588)4116579-2 (DE-588)4035843-4 (DE-588)4033447-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics |
| title_auth | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics |
| title_exact_search | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics |
| title_full | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics eds. Cécile L. Paris ... |
| title_fullStr | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics eds. Cécile L. Paris ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics eds. Cécile L. Paris ... |
| title_short | Natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics |
| title_sort | natural language generation in artificial intelligence and computational linguistics |
| topic | Computerlinguïstiek gtt Intelligence artificielle Kunstmatige intelligentie gtt Linguistique informatique Lingüística computacional Künstliche Intelligenz Artificial intelligence Computational linguistics Natural language processing (Computer science) Natürliche Sprache (DE-588)4041354-8 gnd Sprachproduktion (DE-588)4182529-9 gnd Computer (DE-588)4070083-5 gnd Sprachverarbeitung (DE-588)4116579-2 gnd Computerlinguistik (DE-588)4035843-4 gnd Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computerlinguïstiek Intelligence artificielle Kunstmatige intelligentie Linguistique informatique Lingüística computacional Künstliche Intelligenz Artificial intelligence Computational linguistics Natural language processing (Computer science) Natürliche Sprache Sprachproduktion Computer Sprachverarbeitung Computerlinguistik Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002716056&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023545171 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pariscecilel naturallanguagegenerationinartificialintelligenceandcomputationallinguistics |