Calvino and the age of Neorealism: fables of estrangement
Italo Calvino's reputation as one of the great writers of our century rests chiefly on his allegorical fables and fantastic narratives, whose inventiveness, irreverence, and elegant style are universally admired. In this study, the author focuses on Calvino's first novel, The Path to the N...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Stanford, CA
Stanford University Press
[1990]
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | Italo Calvino's reputation as one of the great writers of our century rests chiefly on his allegorical fables and fantastic narratives, whose inventiveness, irreverence, and elegant style are universally admired. In this study, the author focuses on Calvino's first novel, The Path to the Nest of Spiders (1947), because in it she discerns a critical point of origin for Calvino's entire 'ethics' of writing. She shows how, in The Path, he challenges the poetics of objectivity of the Italian neorealists movement and offers a complex and ironic representation of the anti-Fascist armed resistance in Italy. Situating Calvino's early work in its historical and cultural context, the author reassesses Italian neorealism in terms of the theories and critical debates about realism of such critics as Lukács, Sartre, Brecht, Adorno, and Barthes. She analyzes neorealism's narrative practices and cultural and political implications, while setting neorealism in the context of the resistance and the postwar Reconstruction in Italy and giving readings of major neorealist texts (novels by Pavese and Vittorini, films by Rossellini, Visconti, and others) as well as relatively obscure minor ones. The heart of the book consists of readings of The Path from four different but intersecting critical perspectives: formalist-narratological, sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and Bakhtinian. The readings assess the importance of Calvino's beginnings for the body of his work and incorporate relevant references to his later fiction and critical essays. Out of these multiple readings, the ironic estrangement of the real through the act of writing itself emerges as his key narratological strategy. |
Beschreibung: | 419 |
ISBN: | 0804716501 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV004364263 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20201104 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 910610s1990 |||| 00||| engod | ||
020 | |a 0804716501 |9 0-8047-1650-1 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)20823296 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV004364263 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-473 |a DE-703 |a DE-739 |a DE-355 |a DE-19 |a DE-11 |a DE-188 | ||
050 | 0 | |a PQ4809.A45 | |
082 | 0 | |a 853/.914 |2 20 | |
084 | |a IV 17121 |0 (DE-625)69555:11640 |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Re, Lucia |d 1953- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141368284 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Calvino and the age of Neorealism |b fables of estrangement |c Lucia Re |
264 | 1 | |a Stanford, CA |b Stanford University Press |c [1990] | |
300 | |a 419 | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
520 | 3 | |a Italo Calvino's reputation as one of the great writers of our century rests chiefly on his allegorical fables and fantastic narratives, whose inventiveness, irreverence, and elegant style are universally admired. In this study, the author focuses on Calvino's first novel, The Path to the Nest of Spiders (1947), because in it she discerns a critical point of origin for Calvino's entire 'ethics' of writing. She shows how, in The Path, he challenges the poetics of objectivity of the Italian neorealists movement and offers a complex and ironic representation of the anti-Fascist armed resistance in Italy. Situating Calvino's early work in its historical and cultural context, the author reassesses Italian neorealism in terms of the theories and critical debates about realism of such critics as Lukács, Sartre, Brecht, Adorno, and Barthes. She analyzes neorealism's narrative practices and cultural and political implications, while setting neorealism in the context of the resistance and the postwar Reconstruction in Italy and giving readings of major neorealist texts (novels by Pavese and Vittorini, films by Rossellini, Visconti, and others) as well as relatively obscure minor ones. The heart of the book consists of readings of The Path from four different but intersecting critical perspectives: formalist-narratological, sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and Bakhtinian. The readings assess the importance of Calvino's beginnings for the body of his work and incorporate relevant references to his later fiction and critical essays. Out of these multiple readings, the ironic estrangement of the real through the act of writing itself emerges as his key narratological strategy. | |
600 | 1 | 4 | |a Calvino, Italo - Technique |
600 | 1 | 4 | |a Calvino, Italo / Sentiero dei nidi di ragno |
600 | 1 | 4 | |a Calvino, Italo |t Sentiero dei nidi di ragno |
600 | 1 | 4 | |a Calvino, Italo |x Technique |
600 | 1 | 7 | |a Calvino, Italo |d 1923-1985 |0 (DE-588)118518542 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
600 | 1 | 7 | |a Calvino, Italo |d 1923-1985 |t Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno |0 (DE-588)4301077-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 4 | |a Réalisme dans la littérature | |
650 | 4 | |a Weltkrieg (1939-1945) | |
650 | 4 | |a Realism in literature | |
650 | 4 | |a World War, 1939-1945 |z Italy |x Literature and the war | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Neorealismus |0 (DE-588)4171455-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Italienisch |0 (DE-588)4114056-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Epik |0 (DE-588)4015025-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 4 | |a Italien | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Italienisch |0 (DE-588)4114056-4 |D s |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Epik |0 (DE-588)4015025-2 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Neorealismus |0 (DE-588)4171455-6 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Calvino, Italo |d 1923-1985 |0 (DE-588)118518542 |D p |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Neorealismus |0 (DE-588)4171455-6 |D s |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 2 | 0 | |a Calvino, Italo |d 1923-1985 |t Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno |0 (DE-588)4301077-5 |D u |
689 | 2 | 1 | |a Neorealismus |0 (DE-588)4171455-6 |D s |
689 | 2 | |5 DE-604 | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002709861&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002709861 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804118545002397696 |
---|---|
adam_text | Contents
Introduction 1
1. Realism and Italian Neorealism 7
2. Modes of Neorealist Narrative 76
3. The Narrative Paths of Memory and History 155
4. The Politics of The Path 223
5. Between the Imaginary and the Symbolic:
History, the Subject, and Desire in The Path 256
6. Reading in the Book of the World: A Dialogue
of Interpretive Models 320
Notes 361
Works Cited 399
Index 413
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Re, Lucia 1953- |
author_GND | (DE-588)141368284 |
author_facet | Re, Lucia 1953- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Re, Lucia 1953- |
author_variant | l r lr |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV004364263 |
callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
callnumber-label | PQ4809 |
callnumber-raw | PQ4809.A45 |
callnumber-search | PQ4809.A45 |
callnumber-sort | PQ 44809 A45 |
callnumber-subject | PQ - French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese Literature |
classification_rvk | IV 17121 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)20823296 (DE-599)BVBBV004364263 |
dewey-full | 853/.914 |
dewey-hundreds | 800 - Literature (Belles-lettres) and rhetoric |
dewey-ones | 853 - Italian fiction |
dewey-raw | 853/.914 |
dewey-search | 853/.914 |
dewey-sort | 3853 3914 |
dewey-tens | 850 - Italian, Romanian & related literatures |
discipline | Romanistik |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04114nam a2200601 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV004364263</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20201104 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">910610s1990 |||| 00||| engod</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0804716501</subfield><subfield code="9">0-8047-1650-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)20823296</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV004364263</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">PQ4809.A45</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">853/.914</subfield><subfield code="2">20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">IV 17121</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)69555:11640</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Re, Lucia</subfield><subfield code="d">1953-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)141368284</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Calvino and the age of Neorealism</subfield><subfield code="b">fables of estrangement</subfield><subfield code="c">Lucia Re</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Stanford, CA</subfield><subfield code="b">Stanford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[1990]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">419</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Italo Calvino's reputation as one of the great writers of our century rests chiefly on his allegorical fables and fantastic narratives, whose inventiveness, irreverence, and elegant style are universally admired. In this study, the author focuses on Calvino's first novel, The Path to the Nest of Spiders (1947), because in it she discerns a critical point of origin for Calvino's entire 'ethics' of writing. She shows how, in The Path, he challenges the poetics of objectivity of the Italian neorealists movement and offers a complex and ironic representation of the anti-Fascist armed resistance in Italy. Situating Calvino's early work in its historical and cultural context, the author reassesses Italian neorealism in terms of the theories and critical debates about realism of such critics as Lukács, Sartre, Brecht, Adorno, and Barthes. She analyzes neorealism's narrative practices and cultural and political implications, while setting neorealism in the context of the resistance and the postwar Reconstruction in Italy and giving readings of major neorealist texts (novels by Pavese and Vittorini, films by Rossellini, Visconti, and others) as well as relatively obscure minor ones. The heart of the book consists of readings of The Path from four different but intersecting critical perspectives: formalist-narratological, sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and Bakhtinian. The readings assess the importance of Calvino's beginnings for the body of his work and incorporate relevant references to his later fiction and critical essays. Out of these multiple readings, the ironic estrangement of the real through the act of writing itself emerges as his key narratological strategy.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo - Technique</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo / Sentiero dei nidi di ragno</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo</subfield><subfield code="t">Sentiero dei nidi di ragno</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo</subfield><subfield code="x">Technique</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo</subfield><subfield code="d">1923-1985</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118518542</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo</subfield><subfield code="d">1923-1985</subfield><subfield code="t">Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4301077-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Réalisme dans la littérature</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Weltkrieg (1939-1945)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Realism in literature</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">World War, 1939-1945</subfield><subfield code="z">Italy</subfield><subfield code="x">Literature and the war</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Neorealismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4171455-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Italienisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4114056-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Epik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4015025-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Italien</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Italienisch</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4114056-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Epik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4015025-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Neorealismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4171455-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo</subfield><subfield code="d">1923-1985</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118518542</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Neorealismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4171455-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Calvino, Italo</subfield><subfield code="d">1923-1985</subfield><subfield code="t">Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4301077-5</subfield><subfield code="D">u</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Neorealismus</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4171455-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">HBZ Datenaustausch</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002709861&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002709861</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | Italien |
geographic_facet | Italien |
id | DE-604.BV004364263 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:12:00Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0804716501 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002709861 |
oclc_num | 20823296 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188 |
owner_facet | DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-11 DE-188 |
physical | 419 |
publishDate | 1990 |
publishDateSearch | 1990 |
publishDateSort | 1990 |
publisher | Stanford University Press |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Re, Lucia 1953- Verfasser (DE-588)141368284 aut Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement Lucia Re Stanford, CA Stanford University Press [1990] 419 txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Italo Calvino's reputation as one of the great writers of our century rests chiefly on his allegorical fables and fantastic narratives, whose inventiveness, irreverence, and elegant style are universally admired. In this study, the author focuses on Calvino's first novel, The Path to the Nest of Spiders (1947), because in it she discerns a critical point of origin for Calvino's entire 'ethics' of writing. She shows how, in The Path, he challenges the poetics of objectivity of the Italian neorealists movement and offers a complex and ironic representation of the anti-Fascist armed resistance in Italy. Situating Calvino's early work in its historical and cultural context, the author reassesses Italian neorealism in terms of the theories and critical debates about realism of such critics as Lukács, Sartre, Brecht, Adorno, and Barthes. She analyzes neorealism's narrative practices and cultural and political implications, while setting neorealism in the context of the resistance and the postwar Reconstruction in Italy and giving readings of major neorealist texts (novels by Pavese and Vittorini, films by Rossellini, Visconti, and others) as well as relatively obscure minor ones. The heart of the book consists of readings of The Path from four different but intersecting critical perspectives: formalist-narratological, sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and Bakhtinian. The readings assess the importance of Calvino's beginnings for the body of his work and incorporate relevant references to his later fiction and critical essays. Out of these multiple readings, the ironic estrangement of the real through the act of writing itself emerges as his key narratological strategy. Calvino, Italo - Technique Calvino, Italo / Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Technique Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 (DE-588)118518542 gnd rswk-swf Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (DE-588)4301077-5 gnd rswk-swf Réalisme dans la littérature Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Realism in literature World War, 1939-1945 Italy Literature and the war Neorealismus (DE-588)4171455-6 gnd rswk-swf Italienisch (DE-588)4114056-4 gnd rswk-swf Epik (DE-588)4015025-2 gnd rswk-swf Italien Italienisch (DE-588)4114056-4 s Epik (DE-588)4015025-2 s Neorealismus (DE-588)4171455-6 s DE-604 Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 (DE-588)118518542 p Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (DE-588)4301077-5 u HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002709861&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Re, Lucia 1953- Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement Calvino, Italo - Technique Calvino, Italo / Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Technique Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 (DE-588)118518542 gnd Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (DE-588)4301077-5 gnd Réalisme dans la littérature Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Realism in literature World War, 1939-1945 Italy Literature and the war Neorealismus (DE-588)4171455-6 gnd Italienisch (DE-588)4114056-4 gnd Epik (DE-588)4015025-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)118518542 (DE-588)4301077-5 (DE-588)4171455-6 (DE-588)4114056-4 (DE-588)4015025-2 |
title | Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement |
title_auth | Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement |
title_exact_search | Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement |
title_full | Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement Lucia Re |
title_fullStr | Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement Lucia Re |
title_full_unstemmed | Calvino and the age of Neorealism fables of estrangement Lucia Re |
title_short | Calvino and the age of Neorealism |
title_sort | calvino and the age of neorealism fables of estrangement |
title_sub | fables of estrangement |
topic | Calvino, Italo - Technique Calvino, Italo / Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Technique Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 (DE-588)118518542 gnd Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno (DE-588)4301077-5 gnd Réalisme dans la littérature Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Realism in literature World War, 1939-1945 Italy Literature and the war Neorealismus (DE-588)4171455-6 gnd Italienisch (DE-588)4114056-4 gnd Epik (DE-588)4015025-2 gnd |
topic_facet | Calvino, Italo - Technique Calvino, Italo / Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Sentiero dei nidi di ragno Calvino, Italo Technique Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 Calvino, Italo 1923-1985 Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno Réalisme dans la littérature Weltkrieg (1939-1945) Realism in literature World War, 1939-1945 Italy Literature and the war Neorealismus Italienisch Epik Italien |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002709861&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT relucia calvinoandtheageofneorealismfablesofestrangement |