Methods of hybridoma formation:
Gespeichert in:
Format: | Buch |
---|---|
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Clifton, N.J.
Humana Press
1987
|
Schriftenreihe: | Contemporary biomedicine
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XXV, 480 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 0896031004 |
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650 | 4 | |a Immunologic Techniques | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | JMethods of
Hybridoma Formation
Edited by
Arie H Bartal
and
Yashar Hirshaut
Humana Press * Clifton, New Jersey
Contents
Preface v
Contributors xxiii
Current Methodologies in Hybridoma
Formation 1
Arie H Bartal and Yashar Hirshaut
1 Introduction 1
2 Homokaryons, Heterokaryons, Synkaryons 2
3 Selection of Hybridomas 4
4 The Art of Making Hybridomas 5
4 1 Hybridoma Planning 6
5 Phases in Hybridoma Formation 7
5 1 Preparatory Phase 8
5 2 Prefusion Phase 14
5 3 Cell Fusion Phase 16
5 4 Early Postfusion Phase 20
5 5 Late Postfusion Phase 23
5 6 Long-Term Hybridoma Cultivation and Preservation 28
5 7 Utilization of Hybridoma-Derived Antibodies 30
6 Difficulties in Hybridoma Formation 31
6 1 Contamination 31
6 2 Equipment Failure 31
6 3 Methodological Difficulties 31
6 4 Basic Biological Problems : 31
6 5 Technical Skill 32
6 6 Miscellaneous Factors 32
7 Conclusions t 32
References 33
ix
x Contents
Retroviruses and Hybridoma Formation:
Bystanders or Active Participants? 41
Arie H Bartal and Yashar Hirshaut
1 Introduction 41
2 Retroviruses, Definition, and Characterization 42
3 Morphology of Retroviruses 43
3 1 A-Type Particles 43
3 2 B-Type Particles 44
3 3 C-Type Particles 44
3 4 D-Type Particles 44
4 Retroviruses in Animals and Cell Lines 45
5 Retroviruses in Hybridomas 45
6 Hybridoma Retroviruses: Bystanders or Active Participants 51
7 Hazards Associated With Hybridoma Retroviruses 53
8 Toward Obtaining Purified Virus-Free Monoclonal
Antibodies 55
9 Recommendations for Monoclonal Antibody Preparations 57
References 57
Mechanisms of Cell Fusion and Selection in
the Generation of Hybridomas 63
Jerry W Shay
1 Introduction 63
2 Historical Review 63
3 Fusion Techniques 65
3 1 PEG 65
3 2 Electrofusion 66
4 Hybrid Selection Techniques 67
4 1 HAT 67
4 2 Taggart Hybridoma Technology (AAT Selection) 67
4 3 Irreversible Biochemical Inhibitors 69
4 4 Toxin-Antitoxin Selection 69
4 5 Cell Sorting 70
5 Future Directions and Conclusions 71
References 72
t
Contents xi
Chemically Mediated Cell Fusion 77
Robert J Klebe and Kevin L Bentley
1 Introduction 77
2 Mechanism of Polyethylene Glycol-Mediated Cell Fusion 78
2 1 Fusogens and Hybridogens 78
2 2 Hydrophilic Character of Hybridogens 79
3 Relationship of Hybridogens to Cryoprotective Agents,
Genetic Transformation Agents, and Inducers of
Erythroleukemia Cell Differentiation 82
4 Mechanism of PEG-Mediated Cell Fusion 85
5 Hybridoma Formation by PED-Mediated Cell Fusion 86
5 1 Preparation of PEG 88
5 2 Cell Fusion Procedure 90
5 3 Biochemical Selection for Hybridomas 90
References 92
Electrofusion of Cells 97
U Zlmmermann
1 Introduction 97
2 Electric Field Conditions 101
3 Electrode Material and Fusion Media 117
4 Enzyme Pretreatment 120
5 Breakdown and Postbreakdown Conditions 123
6 Viability of Electrofused Hybrids 126
7 Selection of Antibody-Secreting Lymphocytes 128
8 DNA Transfection 130
9 Conclusion 137
Appendix: Murine Hybridoma Electrofusion Protocol for
the GCA:Electrofusion System 141
References 143
Enhancement of HybridomaFormation151
Arie H Bartal and Yashar Hirshaut
1 Historical Introduction 151
xii Contents
2 Modes of Hybridoma Enhancement 152
2 1 Enhancement at the Prefusion Phase 153
2 2 Enhancement at the Cell Fusion Phase 154
2 3 Enhancement at the Early Postfusion Phase 155
2 4 Enhancement at the Late Postfusion Phase and in
the Long-Term Cultivation of Hybridoma : 156
References 158
Modification of HAT Medium and
Hybridoma Formation 163
Arie H Bartal, Carl Felt, and Yashar Hirshaut
1 Introduction 163
2 Experimental Design 164
3 Addition of Dexamethasone to HAT Medium (HAT-DEX) 164
4 Dexamethasone Dose Is Critical 165
5 Timing of Dexamethasone Addition Is Critical 166
6 Stability of Dexamethasone-Treated Hybridoma Clones 166
7 Dexamethasone and Hybridoma Formation 168
8 Addition of Insulin to HAT Medium (HIAT) 169
9 HIAT and Mouse-Mouse Hybridoma Formation 169
10 HIAT in Human-Mouse Hybridoma Formation 174
11 HIAT in Human-Human Hybridoma Formation 174
12 Interferon and Hybridoma Formation (HAT-INF) 175
13 Summary 176
References 177
Culture Methods for the Selection and Isolation
of Stable Antibody-Producing Murine
Hybridomas 181
R Thomas Taggart
1 Introduction 181
2 The Nature and Origins of Hybrid Cell Chromosome
Instability 182
3 Chromosome Instability Reduces the Yield of Antibody-
Producing Hybridomas 184
4 Methods for Isolation of Stable Antibody-Producing
Hybridomas 185
Contents xiii
4 1 Syntenic Culture Selection of the Mouse Heavy
Chain Immunoglobulin Locus 185
4 2 Limiting Dilution Cloning of Hybridomas 191
5 Conclusions 192
References 193
Selection of Growth Factors and Myelomas To
Enhance Monoclonal Antibody-Producing
Hybridoma Formation 195
Janet H Ransom and Martin V Haspel
1 Introduction 195
2 Selection of Murine Myelomas for Fusion Partners 196
2 1 MOPC 21 (P3-X67Ag8) 197
2 2 Sp2/O (Sp2/O-Agl4) 198
2 3 NS-1 (P3/NSl/lAg4-l) 198
2 4 653 (P3/X63-Ag8 653) 198
2 5 FO 198
2 6 S194/5 XX0 BU-1 199
2 7 FOX-NY 199
3 Growth Factors 199
4 Feeder Cells 200
4 1 Peritoneal Macrophages 200
4 2 Thymocytes and Splenocytes 200
4 3 Cell Lines 201
5 Soluble Growth Supplements 201
5 1 Human Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement (HECS) 201
5 2 Bovine Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement (ECGS) 202
6 Myeloma-Conditioned Medium 202
7 Medium Nutrient Supplements 203
7 1 Growth in Low Molecular Weight Serum Protein
Media 203
8 B-Cell Growth Factors 204
9 Technology Notes 204
References 205
Proliferation and Immune Secretion of B-Cell
Hybridomas ! 209
Regine JJM Westerwoudt
xiv Contents
1 Introduction 209
2 Stimulation of B-Cell Lymphocytes in Different Phases
of the Cell Cycle 210
3 Hybridization and Limiting Dilution 210
4 Cell Cycle of Hybridomas 211
5 Growth Promoters 211
5 1 Dextran Sulfate — A Stimulator of Resting B-Cells 211
5 2 Cell-Cell Interaction 212
5 3 Lipopolysaccharide — A Stimulator of Activated
B-Cells 213
5 4 Macrophage Supernatant 214
5 5 Human Endothelial Culture Supernatant and Human
Umbilical Cord Serum 218
6 Comparison of Normal B-Cells to Tumor B-Cells 219
7 Proliferation and Differentiation of Hybridomas 220
8 Conclusion 221
References 224
Statistical Assessment of Hybridoma
Monoclonality After Subcloning by the
Limiting Dilution Technique 231
Hilary A Colter and Barry S Colter
1 Introduction 231
2 Statistical Assessment 232
References 235
In Vitro Immunization for the Generation of
Hybridomas Using Serum-Free
Medium 237
Frederick J Darfler
1 Introduction 237
2 Growth of Lymphoid Cells and Hybridomas in Serum-
Free Media 238
3 Theoretical and Practical Aspects of In Vitro Immunization 239
4 Methods 239
4 1 Preparation of Serum-Free Medium 239
Contents xv
4 2 In Vitro Immunization Protocol Using Serum-Free
Medium 240
4 3 Fusion Protocol 240
5 Comparison of Serum-Containing vs Serum-Free Media
for Hybridoma Formation 241
6 Rate of Growth of Nascent Hybridomas in Serum-
Containing vs Serum-Free Medium 241
6 1 Cloning in Serum-Free Medium 242
6 2 Antibody Subtype Identification 242
6 3 Immunosorbent Assay for Levels of Monoclonal
Antibody 243
6 4 Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies From Serum-
Free Medium 243
6 5 Cryopreservation in Serum-Free Medium 245
7 Conclusions 245
7 1 Advantages 245
7 2 Disadvantages 246
7 3 Future Prospects 247
References 247
Intrasplenic Immunization for the Production
of Monoclonal Antibodies 249
M Spitz and Lldia Spitz
1 Introduction 249
2 Materials and Equipment 250
2 1 Preparation of Alum-Precipitated Immunogen 250
3 Method 251
3 1 Surgical Intervention 251
4 Technical Comments 252
5 Discussion 254
References 254
Use of Heteromyelomas in the Enhancement
of Human Monoclonal-Antibody
Production 257
Nelson N H Teng and Marcia Bieber
1 Introduction 257
xvi Contents
2 Principles and Perspectives of Heteromyeloma 259
3 Antigen-Primed Human Fusion Partners 262
4 Technical Aspects 262
4 1 Preparation of Human Fusion Partners 262
4 2 Fusion Procedure 265
4 3 Cloning Procedure 266
4 4 Mainteinance of Heteromyeloma and Hybridoma
Cell Lines 267
References 267
Human Hybridomas: Fusion Partners 273
Danuta Kozbor and Carlo M Croce
1 Introduction 273
2 Selection of a Fusion Partner 274
3 Morphology of Plasmacytoma and Lymphoblastoid Cells 276
4 Hybridomas Generated With Human Plasmacytomas 277
5 Hybridomas Generated With Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines 278
6 Lymphoblastoid vs Plasmacytoma Cells as Fusion
Partners 280
7 Development of a Better Fusion Partner 281
7 1 Double Drug-Resistant Cell Lines 281
7 2 Non-Ig-Secreting Partners 281
7 3 Hybrid Fusion Partners 284
8 Large-Scale Production of Human Mabs 286
8 1 Ascites Production 286
8 2 Serum-Free Culture 288
9 Advantages of Human Monoclonal Antibodies 289
10 Limitations and Future Developments 290
References 292
Antibody-Secreting Human-Human Hybridomas:
Technical Progress, Generation Obstacles,
and Applications 299
Lennart Olsson
1 Introduction 299
2 Malignant Fusion Partners 300
3 Immunization Procedures 302
Contents xvii
4 Production of Human Mabs by DNA Recombinant
Technology 303
5 Some Areas of Application of Human Mabs 304
5 1 In Vivo Application in Nonneoplastic Diseases 305
6 HMabs in Cancer Biology 306
6 1 HMabs and Oncogenes 308
6 2 The Antiidiotype Approach 309
6 3 Antigenic Modulation 310
6 4 Intratumoral Phenotypic Diversity and Metastatic
Activity 311
7 Conclusions 311
References 312
Interspecific Hybridomas 317
John A Sogn
1 Introduction 317
2 Reasons for Preparing Interspecific Hybridomas 318
3 Applications of Interspecific Hybridomas 319
3 1 Interrodent Hybridomas 320
3 2 Human-Mouse Hybridomas 321
3 3 Rabbit-Mouse Hybridomas 321
3 4 Other Interspecific Hybridomas 323
4 Species-Specific Chromosome Loss in Interspecific
Hybridomas 323
5 Approaches to Minimizing the Problem of Chromosome
Loss in Interspecific Hybridomas 325
6 Summary and Opportunities for Future Studies 329
References 332
Rat-Rat Hybridoma Formation and Rat
Monoclonal Antibodies 337
Harve Bazln
1 Introduction - 337
2 Rat Immunoglobulins 338
2 1 Physicochemical Properties 339
2 2 Biological Properties , 341
2 3 Allotypes of Rat Immunoglobulins 341
xviii Contents
3 LOU/C Ileocecal Immunocytomas : 341
3 1 Origin of the Louvain Rat Strain 344
3 2 LOU/C Ileocecal Malignant Immunocytomas 344
4 Genetic Studies on the Susceptibility of Rats to
Immunocytomas 347
5 Transplantation of LOU/C Rat Immunocytomas 348
6 Storage of LOU/C Immunocytoma Cells 348
7 In Vitro Culture 349
8 Biosynthesis of Myeloma Immunoglobulins 349
9 Production of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins 349
10 Rat Hybridomas 351
11 Fusion Cell Lines 351
12 Immune Lymphocytes—Rat Strains 352
13 Immunization Protocol 352
14 Preparation of the Fusion Line Cells 353
15 Media 353
16 Feeder Layer 355
17 Fusion 355
18 Screening Assays 356
19 Cloning 356
20 Freezing and Thawing 356
21 Production of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies 357
22 Determination of Antibody Isotype 358
23 Purification of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies 359
24 Euglobulin Property 359
25 Stability 360
26 Major Strategies 360
27 Purification of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies From In Vitro
Culture Supernatant 361
28 Purification of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies From Ascitic Fluid
or Serum by Kappa Allotype Immunoaffinity
Chromatography 363
29 Purification of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies by Using Anti-
Isotype Immunoaffinity Chromatography 364
30 Purification of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies by Protein A
Affinity Chromatography 364
31 Conventional Techniques of Rat Monoclonal Antibody
Purification 365
32 IgM 365
33 IgD x 365
34 IgE 365
35 IgA 366
Contents xix
36 IgGl 366
37 IgG2a 366
38 IgG2b 367
39 IgG2c 367
40 Fragmentation of Rat Monoclonal Antibodies 367
41 Sensitivity to Reduction 367
42 Enzymatic Proteolysis 367
43 Conclusions 368
References 369
Generation of Mutant Monoclonal
Antibodies 379
Gad Spira, Hector L Aguila, Ellyn Fischberg, and
Matthew D Scharff
1 Introduction 379
2 Modifications in Hybridoma Technology 381
3 Mutant Monoclonal Antibodies 384
4 Class and Subclass Switch Variants 385
5 Structural Mutants With Changes in Effector Functions
and Antigen Binding 391
6 Conclusion 394
References 394
Ranking the Affinities of Monoclonal
Antibodies 399
Veronica van Heynlngen and Simon van Heyningen
1 Introduction 399
2 Theoretical Aspects 400
2 1 Definition of Affinity 400
2 2 Methods of Measuring Affinity Constants 401
2 3 Calculating K from Binding Curves 402
3 Practical Applications 404
3 1 Suitability of Antigen 404
3 2 The Need for Measuring the Concentration of
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin 406
3 3 Final Choice of Monoclonal Antibody 410
References 411
xx Contents
Intrasplenic Inoculation: A Method for Rescuing
Hybridoma Clones 413
Rosalie Ber and Pamela L Witte
1 Introduction 413
2 Technical Procedure and Remarks 414
2 1 Materials 414
2 2 Intrasplenic Inoculation Procedures 415
3 Hybridoma Cell Inoculum 415
4 Harvesting Ascitic Fluid 416
5 Discussion 416
References 417
Cry ©preservation in Hybridoma Production 419
L de Lei}, E Schwander, and T H The
1 Introduction 419
2 Materials and Methods 420
2 1 Growth of Cells 420
2 2 Fusion Protocol 421
3 Results 421
3 1 Strategy for the Production of Hybridomas 421
3 2 Cryopreservation and Thawing Procedures 422
4 Discussion 425
References 427
Early and Late Freezing of Hybridoma
Clones 429
David £ Wells
1 Introduction 429
2 Freezing Cells 431
3 Methods for Freezing Hybridoma Clones 432
4 Conclusions 434
References 435
Contents xxi
Flow Cytometry in Hybridoma Technology 437
Michael Andreeff and Edith Espiritu
1 Introduction 437
References 444
Regulatory Issues Surrounding Therapeutic Use
of Monoclonal Antibodies: Points To
Consider in the Manufacture of Injectable
Products Intended for Human Use 447
Thomas Hoffman
1 Introduction 447
2 Development and Characterization of Hybridoma
Cell Lines 448
3 Quality Control Tests 449
3 1 Special Considerations Regarding Viral
Contamination 450
3 2 Special Considerations Regarding Nucleic Acid
Contamination 451
4 Preclinical Animal Testing • 452
5 Preclinical Laboratory Testing 453
6 Special Considerations for Monoclonal Antibodies of
Human Origin 454
7 Summary and Conclusion 455
References 455
Human-MouseHybridomaFormation457
William Ciepllnskl
1 Introduction 457
2 Somatic Cell Hybridization of Immunoglobulin-Producing
Lines 458
3 Production and Characterization of-Human-Mouse
Hybrids 461
3 1 Production of Hybrids 461
3 2 Stability of Human-Mouse Hybrids 461
xxii Contents
4 Expression of Human Enzymes 462
5 Karyotype of Human-Mouse Hybrids 463
6 Stability of Immunoglobulin Secretion 464
7 Membrane Transport by Human-Mouse Hybrids 465
8 Applications of Human-Mouse Hybridoma Technology 466
8 1 Human Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping 466
8 2 Production of Specific Human Monoclonal
Antibodies 467
8 3 Other Biological Research Applications of Human-
Mouse Hybrids 468
8 4 Human-Mouse Monoclonals in Cancer 468
9 Conclusions 470
References 470
Index 477
|
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genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
id | DE-604.BV004363426 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:11:59Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 0896031004 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002709312 |
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record_format | marc |
series2 | Contemporary biomedicine |
spelling | Methods of hybridoma formation ed. by Arie H. Bartal ... Clifton, N.J. Humana Press 1987 XXV, 480 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Contemporary biomedicine Monoclonal Antibodies cabt Hybridomas cabt Antibodies, Monoclonal Hybridomas Immunologic Techniques Immunology Technique Monoclonal antibodies Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd rswk-swf Hybridom (DE-588)4160843-4 gnd rswk-swf Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Hybridom (DE-588)4160843-4 s Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 s DE-604 Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 s Bartal, Arie H. Sonstige oth HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002709312&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Methods of hybridoma formation Monoclonal Antibodies cabt Hybridomas cabt Antibodies, Monoclonal Hybridomas Immunologic Techniques Immunology Technique Monoclonal antibodies Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Hybridom (DE-588)4160843-4 gnd Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4038971-6 (DE-588)4160843-4 (DE-588)4062781-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Methods of hybridoma formation |
title_auth | Methods of hybridoma formation |
title_exact_search | Methods of hybridoma formation |
title_full | Methods of hybridoma formation ed. by Arie H. Bartal ... |
title_fullStr | Methods of hybridoma formation ed. by Arie H. Bartal ... |
title_full_unstemmed | Methods of hybridoma formation ed. by Arie H. Bartal ... |
title_short | Methods of hybridoma formation |
title_sort | methods of hybridoma formation |
topic | Monoclonal Antibodies cabt Hybridomas cabt Antibodies, Monoclonal Hybridomas Immunologic Techniques Immunology Technique Monoclonal antibodies Methode (DE-588)4038971-6 gnd Hybridom (DE-588)4160843-4 gnd Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Monoclonal Antibodies Hybridomas Antibodies, Monoclonal Immunologic Techniques Immunology Technique Monoclonal antibodies Methode Hybridom Verfahrenstechnik Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002709312&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bartalarieh methodsofhybridomaformation |