Fire in the tropical biota: ecosystem processes and global challenges
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin u.a.
Springer
1990
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Ecological studies
84 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 497 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3540521151 0387521151 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fire in the tropical biota |b ecosystem processes and global challenges |c J. G. Goldammer (ed.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin u.a. |b Springer |c 1990 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 497 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Ecological studies |v 84 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biocénoses - Régions tropicales - Congrès | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Botanica |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Botanique - Régions tropicales - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Feux de friches - Régions tropicales - Congrès | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Écologie des feux - Régions tropicales - Congrès | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotic communities |z Tropics |v Congresses | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Botany |z Tropics |v Congresses | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fire ecology |z Tropics |v Congresses | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fires |z Tropics |v Congresses | |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS 1 FIRE IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE:
AN INTRODUCTION D. MUELLER-DOMBOIS AND J.G. GOLDAMMER (WITH 1 FIGURE) 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.2 DEFORESTATION IN THE TROPICS 2 1.3 PATTERNS OF
SUCCESSION 3 1.4 CHANGES IN FIRE REGIMES AND BIODIVERSITY 4 1.5 THE
FUTURE OF TROPICAL FORESTS AND FORESTRY . . . . 5 1.6 GLOBAL IMPACTS ON
CLIMATE AND SOIL 7 1.7 CONCLUSIONS 9 REFERENCES 9 2 THE IMPACT OF
DROUGHTS AND FOREST FIRES ON TROPICAL LOWLAND RAIN FOREST OF EAST
KALIMANTAN J.G. GOLDAMMER AND B. SEIBERT (WITH 6 FIGURES) . 11 2.1
INTRODUCTION 11 2.2 CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AND FIRE REGIMES 12 2.3 THE
1982-83 ENSO, ITS PREDECESSORS AND THE WILDFIRES 16 2.3.1 THE 1982-83
ENSO 16 2.3.2 PREDECESSORS 19 2.3.3 THE WILDFIRE SCENARIO IN 1982-83 21
2.4 FOREST REGENERATION AFTER THE 1982-83 FIRES 23 2.4.1 THE
REGENERATION PROCESS 25 2.4.1.1 PRIMARY FOREST 25 2.4.1.2 LOGGED-OVER
FOREST 26 2.5 CONCLUSIONS 27 REFERENCES 28 3 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN THE
TROPICAL LOWLAND DECIDUOUS FORESTS OF ASIA P.A. STOTT, J.G. GOLDAMMER.
AND W.L. WERNER (WITH 5 FIGURES) 32 3.1 FIRE: AN ALIEN ECOLOGICAL
PRESSURE? 32 VIII CONTENTS 3.2 FIRE PATTERNS IN TIME AND SPACE 34 3.2.1
TIMING AND ORIGINS 34 3.2.2 FIRE AND FUEL 36 3.3 FIRE MANAGEMENT 41
REFERENCES 43 4 FIRE IN THE PINE-GRASSLAND BIOMES OF TROPICAL / AND
SUBTROPICAL ASIA J.G. GOLDAMMER AND S.R. PENAFIEL (WITH 6 FIGURES) 45
4.1 INTRODUCTION 45 4.2 ADAPTIVE TRAITS OF TROPICAL PINES TO FIRE 46
4.2.1 CHARACTER OF BARK 47 4.2.2 ROOTING HABIT 48 4.2.3 BASAL SPROUTING
50 4.2.4 SITE AND FUEL CHARACTERISTICS 50 4.3 ORIGIN AND EXTENT OF FIRES
50 4.4 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 52 4.4.1 DISTRIBUTION OF THE
PINE-GRASSIAND FIRE CLIMAX IN LUZON 52 4.4.2 MAIN ECOLOGICAL CHALLENGES
55 4.4.2.1 GRASS SPECIES COMPOSITION AND SITE DEGRADATION . . 55 4.4.2.2
FIRE-HOST TREE-INSECT INTERACTIONS 58 4.5 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 59
REFERENCES 60 5 FIRE IN SOME TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL SOUTH AMERICAN
VEGETATION TYPES: AN OVERVIEW R.V. SOARES (WITH 6 FIGURES) 63 5.1
INTRODUCTION 63 5.2 TROPICAL RAIN FOREST 64 5.3 TRADE WIND FOREST OF
VENEZUELA AND COLUMBIA . . 65 5.4 BABAGU PALM FOREST 66 5.5 STEPPE 67
5.6 SAVANNA OR CERRADO 67 5.7 COASTAL RAIN FOREST 67 5.8 SUBTROPICAL
FOREST 68 5.9 BRAZILIAN PINE FOREST 69 5.10 STEPPIC SAVANNA OR CHACO
74 5.11 SUBTROPICAL AND ARAUCARIA FORESTS OF CHILE AND ARGENTINA 75 5.12
NONFORESTED AREAS 76 5.13 EXOTIC PLANTED FORESTS 77 REFERENCES 80
CONTENTS IX 6 FIRE IN THE ECOLOGY OF THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO L.M. COUTINHO
(WITH 8 FIGURES) 82 6.1 INTRODUCTION 82 6.2 REGIMES AND CAUSES OF FIRE
IN THE CERRADO 86 6.3 THE ABIOTIC EFFECTS OF FIRE 88 6.3.1 AIR
TEMPERATURE 88 6.3.2 SOIL TEMPERATURES 88 6.3.3 CYCLING OF MINERAL
NUTRIENTS 90 6.4 THE BIOTIC EFFECTS OF FIRE 96 6.4.1 RESISTANCE TO FIRE
96 6.4.2 PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY 97 6.4.3 STABILITY OF THE VEGETATION 98
6.4.4 FLOWERING 99 6.4.5 DISPERSION OF SEEDS 100 6.4.6 GERMINATION OF
SEEDS 100 6.4.7 FIRE AND FAUNA 100 6.5 MANAGEMENT BY FIRE 101 REFERENCES
103 7 FIRE IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST OF THE AMAZON BASIN P.M.
FEARNSIDE (WITH 1 FIGURE) 106 7.1 ANCIENT AND NATURAL FIRES 106 7.2
DEFORESTATION AND BURNING IN AMAZONIA TODAY . . . 107 7.3 TYPES AND
QUALITIES OF BURNING 109 7.4 IMPACTS OF BURNING ON AMAZONIAN VEGETATION
... 112 7.5 INDIRECT EFFECTS OF BURNING 114 REFERENCES 115 8
INTERACTIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES, FIRE, AND RAIN FORESTS IN THE
AMAZON BASIN J.B. KAUKFMAN AND C. UHL (WITH 1 FIGURE) . . . . 117 8.1
INTRODUCTION 117 8.2 THE FIRE ENVIRONMENT 118 8.2.1 FIRE HISTORY OF
TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS 118 8.2.2 FUEL BIOMASS AND ARRANGEMENT 119 8.2.2.1
DEFINING TROPICAL RAIN FOREST FUELS 119 8.2.2.2 VARIABILITY IN FUEL
LOADS 119 8.2.2.3 EFFECTS ON DISTURBANCE ON FUEL BIOMASS 120 8.2.3
MICROCLIMATES AND FIRE IN TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS . . 121 8.2.4
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF TROPICAL RAIN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO FIRE 123 8.2.5 FIRE
BEHAVIOR AND BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS 125 8.3
VEGETATION ADAPTATIONS AND RESPONSES TO FIRE ... 125 X CONTENTS 8.3.1
BARK PROPERTIES 126 8.3.2 ANOMALOUS ARRANGEMENT OF STEM TISSUES 127
8.3.3 VEGETATIVE SPROUTING 127 8.3.4 SEEDBANKS 129 8.3.5 DISPERSAL
MECHANISMS AS ADAPTATIONS FOR FIRE SURVIVAL 130 8.3.6 FIRE-ENHANCED
FLOWERING 131 8.4 THE WINNERS AND THE LOSERS 131 REFERENCES 133 9 SOCIAL
AND ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FIRE IN CENTRAL AMERICA A.L. KOONCE AND A.
GONZALES-CABAN (WITH 5 FIGURES) 135 9.1 INTRODUCTION 135 9.2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS 137 9.3 TROPICAL FOREST RESOURCES 138 9.4 FIRE IN
THE TROPICAL FORESTS OF CENTRAL AMERICA . . . 141 9.4.1 FIRE EFFECTS ON
SOILS 143 9.4.2 FIRE EFFECTS ON PINE FORESTS 146 9.4.3 FIRE EFFECTS ON
DRY FORESTS 150 9.4.4 FIRE EFFECTS ON THE ARIPO SAVANNAS 154 9.4.5 FIRE
EFFECTS ON MONTANE FORESTS 154 9.5 CLOSING REMARKS 155 REFERENCES 156 10
FIRES AND THEIR EFFECTS IN THE WET-DRY TROPICS / OF AUSTRALIA A.M. GILL,
J.R.L. HOARE. AND N.P. CHENEY (WITH 4 FIGURES) 159 10.1 INTRODUCTION 159
10.2 LOCATION AND LANDSCAPE 160 10.3 PRONENESS TO FIRES AND THE FIRE S
CHARACTERISTICS . . 161 10.3.1 FUELS 161 10.3.2 FIRE CLIMATE 162 10.3.3
IGNITION SOURCES AND FIRE FREQUENCIES 162 10.3.4 FIRE CHARACTERISTICS
164 10.4 FIRE S IMPACT ON PLANTS: DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS . . . 165 10.5
FIRE AND COMMUNITIES 168 10.5.1 EUCALYPT FORESTS AND WOODLANDS 168
10.5.2 FIRE-SENSITIVE COMMUNITIES 170 10.6 FIRE MANAGEMENT 172 10.6.1
NATIONAL PARKS 172 10.6.2 CATTLE RAISING 173 10.6.3 INVASIVE PLANTS 174
CONTENTS XI 10.6.4 EMISSIONS 175 10.7 CONCLUSIONS 175 REFERENCES 176 11
FIRE MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: SOME EXAMPLES OF CURRENT OBJECTIVES,
PRACTICES, AND PROBLEMS B.W. VAN WILGEN. C.S. EVERSON, AND W.S.W.
TROLLOPE (WITH 13 FIGURES) 179 11.1 INTRODUCTION 179 11.2 MAJOR
VEGETATION TYPES OF SOUTHERN AFRICA . . . . 179 11.3 MANAGEMENT OF
SOUTHERN AFRICAN AREAS USING FIRE 181 11.4 FYNBOS CATCHMENTS IN THE
WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE . 182 11.4.1 AIMS OF MANAGEMENT 182 11.4.2 FIRE
FREQUENCY 185 11.4.3 FIRE SEASON 189 11.4.4 THE CONTROL OF ALIEN WOODY
WEEDS IN FYNBOS CATCHMENTS 190 11.4.5 WILDFIRES AS A COMPLICATING FACTOR
IN PRESCRIBED BURNING 191 11.5 GRASSLAND CATCHMENTS IN THE NATAL
DRAKENSBERG . . 192 11.5.1 AIMS OF MANAGEMENT 192 11.5.2 FIRE REGIME 192
11.5.3 FIRE FREQUENCY 193 11.5.4 FIRE SEASON 195 11.5.5 PRESCRIBED
BURNING 196 11.6 FIRE IN SAVANNAS: BASIC PRINCIPLES 198 11.6.1 NATURAL
AND MODIFIED FIRE REGIMES 198 11.6.2 GRASS/BUSH DYNAMICS 200 11.6.3 THE
IMPORTANCE OF FIRE INTENSITY 200 11.7 AGRICULTURAL AREAS IN THE EASTERN
CAPE 202 11.7.1 AIMS OF MANAGEMENT 202 11.7.2 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 202
11.7.3 CURRENT MANAGEMENT 202 11.8 THE HLUHLUWE/UMFOLOZI GAME RESERVES
COMPLEX 203 11.8.1 AIMS OF MANAGEMENT 203 11.8.2 BACKGROUND 204 11.8.3
CURRENT FIRE MANAGEMENT 205 11.9 THE PILANESBERG NATIONAL PARK 205
11.9.1 AIMS OF MANAGEMENT 205 11.9.2 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 206 11.9.3
CURRENT MANAGEMENT 206 11.10 THE KRUGER NATIONAL PARK 207 XII CONTENTS
11.10.1 AIMS OF MANAGEMENT 207 11.10.2 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 207 11.10.3
MANAGEMENT 208 11.11 THE ETOSHA NATIONAL PARK 210 11.11.1 AIMS OF
MANAGEMENT 210 11.11.2 FIRE MANAGEMENT 210 11.12 CONCLUSIONS 211
REFERENCES 212 12 PRESCRIBED FIRE IN INDUSTRIAL PINE PLANTATIONS C. DE
RONDE. J.G. GOLDAMMER, D.D. WADE, AND R.V. SOARES (WITH 9 FIGURES) 216
12.1 INTRODUCTION 216 12.2 PRESCRIBED BURNING OBJECTIVES 218 12.2.1
WILDFIRE HAZARD REDUCTION 218 12.2.2 PREPARE SITES FOR PLANTING 220
12.2.3 OTHER OBJECTIVES 220 12.3 FUEL APPRAISAL 221 12.3.1 NATURAL
VEGETATION 222 12.3.2 AVAILABLE FUEL 223 12.3.3 FUEL MOISTURE 225 12.3.4
EVALUATING FUEL INPUTS 226 12.4 WEATHER AND TOPOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS
227 12.4.1 WIND 228 12.4.2 RELATIVE HUMIDITY 230 12.4.3 TEMPERATURE 231
12.4.4 PRECIPITATION AND SOIL MOISTURE 232 12.4.5 SLOPE 233 12.5 FIRE
BEHAVIOR PREDICTION 233 12.5.1 DESCRIPTORS 234 12.5.2 FIRE BEHAVIOR
MODELS 236 12.5.3 PREDICTING CROWN SCORCH HEIGHT 236 12.6 PRESCRIBED
BURNING TECHNIQUES 237 12.6.1 BACKING FIRE 238 12.6.2 STRIP-HEADING FIRE
240 12.6.3 POINT SOURCE (GRID) IGNITION 240 12.6.4 EDGE BURNING 242
12.6.5 CENTER AND CIRCULAR (RING) FIRING 243 12.6.6 PILE AND WINDROW
BURNING 243 12.7 PRESCRIBED BURNING PLANS 244 12.7.1 THE WRITTEN PLAN
245 12.7.2 PREPARING FOR THE BURN 250 12.7.3 EXECUTING THE BURN 250
12.7.4 EVALUATING THE BURN 251 CONTENTS XIII 12.8 FIRE EFFECTS 252
12.8.1 EFFECTS ON TREES 252 12.8.2 EFFECTS ON WOODY AND HERBACEOUS
UNDERSTORY VEGETATION 257 12.8.3 EFFECTS ON FOREST FLOOR DYNAMICS 258
12.8.4 EFFECTS ON SOIL 261 12.9 CONCLUSIONS 265 REFERENCES 265 13
LANDSCAPES AND CLIMATE IN PREHISTORY: INTERACTIONS OF WILDLIFE, MAN, AND
FIRE W. SCHULE (WITH 2 FIGURES) 273 13.1 INTRODUCTION 273 13.2 NATURAL
FIRES 275 13.2.1 VEGETATION, HERBIVORES, AND FIRE 278 13.2.2 FIRE AND
EVOLUTION 278 13.2.3 FIRE AND MAMMALS 280 13.2.4 FIRE AND HOMINOIDEA 281
13.2.4.1 NEOGENE AFRICA 282 13.2.4.2 END-TERTIARY AFRICAN PRIMATES 285
13.2.4.3 PLIO-PLEISTOCENE HOMINIDAE AND MEGAHERBIVORES . . 287 13.3 HOMO
SP. AND FIRE 288 13.3.1 HOMINID USE OF FIRE IN AFRICA 288 13.3.2 FIRE
AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRAIN 290 13.3.3 INCREASED FIRE FREQUENCY AND
CLIMATE 290 13.4 ANTHROPOGENIC FIRE IN EURASIA 291 13.4.1 TROPICAL AND
SUBTROPICAL EURASIA 291 13.4.2 OLD WORLD TEMPERATE ZONES AND THE
EUTROPHIC LINE 292 13.4.3 MAN AND LANDSCAPES IN THE HINTERLAND 293
13.4.3.1 THE PRE-AGRICULTURAL MEDITERRANEAN REGION . . . . 294 13.4.4
LIFE AND FIRE OUTSIDE THE EUTROPHIC LINE 295 13.5 THE CONQUEST OF THE
FORBIDDEN COUNTRIES 295 13.5.1 CELEBES-SULAWESI, THE PHILIPPINES, AND
THE WALLACEAN ISLANDS 296 13.5.2 AUSTRALIA, NEW GUINEA, AND TASMANIA
( SAHUL ) 296 13.5.3 AMERICA 298 13.5.4 MADAGASCAR 301 13.5.5 NEW
ZEALAND 303 13.5.6 SMALL OFF-SHORE ISLANDS 304 13.6 AGRICULTURE AND
DOMESTIC UNGULATES 306 13.7 CONCLUSIONS 310 REFERENCES 315 XIV CONTENTS
14 FIRE CONSERVANCY: THE ORIGINS OF VVILDLAND FIRE PROTECTION IN BRITISH
INDIA, AMERICA, AND AUSTRALIA S.J.PYNE 319 14.1 INTRODUCTION 319 14.2
HOME FIRES: A SYNOPTIC FIRE HISTORY OF BRITAIN . . . 320 14.3 AN EMPIRE
STRATEGY: FIRE PROTECTION IN BRITISH INDIA 323 14.4 AN AMERICAN
STRATEGY: SYSTEMATIC FIRE PROTECTION . 326 14.5 AN AUSTRALIAN STRATEGY:
BRINGING SYSTEM TO BURNING OFF 330 14.6 STIRRING THE ASHES: CONCLUDING
THOUGHTS 333 REFERENCES 335 15 THE CONTRIBUTION OF REMOTE SENSING TO THE
GLOBAL MONITORING OF FIRES IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS J.-P.
MALINGREAU (WITH 9 FIGURES) 337 15.1 INTRODUCTION 337 15.2 SATELLITE
MONITORING OF VEGETATION DYNAMICS . . . . 338 15.3 FIRES IN VEGETATION -
DATA NEEDS 341 15.4 FIRE DETECTION USING THE AVHRR INSTRUMENT . . . 343
15.5 FIRES AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 345 15.6 POST-FIRE LANDSCAPES
350 15.7 FIRE IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS 351 15.7.1 THE AMAZON BASIN 351
15.7.2 SOUTH EAST ASIA 356 15.7.3 AFRICA 358 15.7.4 WEST AFRICA 359
15.7.5 CENTRAL AFRICA 362 15.7.5.1 TRANSITION RAIN FOREST - SEASONAL
FOREST-WOODLAND SAVANNA 363 15.7.5.2 THE CENTRAL CONGO BASIN 365 15.8 A
GLOBAL FIRE MONITORING SYSTEM: CONCLUSIONS . . . 366 REFERENCES 368 16
REMOTE SENSING OF BIOMASS BURNING IN THE TROPICS Y.J. KAUFMAN, A.
SETZER, C. JUSTICE, C.J. TUCKER, M.G. PEREIRA, AND I. FUNG (WITH 12
FIGURES) . . . 371 16.1 INTRODUCTION 371 16.2 THE NOAA-AVHRR SERIES 378
16.3 REMOTE SENSING OF FIRES, SMOKE, AND TRACE GASES . 378 16.4 REMOTE
SENSING OF AEROSOL CHARACTERISTICS 382 16.5 SATELLITE ESTIMATION OF
GASEOUS EMISSION FROM BIOMASS BURNING 383 CONTENTS XV 16.5.1 ESTIMATE
BASED ON THE AVERAGE EMISSION OF PARTICULATES PER FIRE 383 16.5.1.1
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS 384 16.5.1.2 ESTIMATION OF THE EMISSION RATES PER FIRE
384 16.5.1.3 REMOTE SENSING OF FIRES AND TOTAL EMITTED MASS . . 386
16.5.1.4 ACCURACY ESTIMATES 386 16.5.1.5 APPLICATION OF THE TECHNIQUES
387 16.5.2 ESTIMATE BASED ON AVERAGE BIOMASS BURNED PER FIRE 391 16.6
DISCUSSION 394 16.7 CONCLUSIONS 396 REFERENCES 397 17 NO A A-AVHRR AND
GIS-BASED MONITORING OF FIRE ACTIVITY IN SENEGAL * A PROVOSIONAL
METHODOLOGY AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS P. FREDERIKSEN, S. LANGAAS, AND
M. MBAYE (WITH 7 FIGURES) 400 17.1 INTRODUCTION 400 17.2 METHODOLOGY 401
17.2.1 DEFINITION OF A SCENE MODEL 402 17.2.2 FIELD RADIOMETRIC
MEASUREMENTS 403 17.2.3 INTEGRATED CAMERA AND RADIOMETER MEASUREMENTS .
404 17.2.4 AVHRR IMAGE PROCESSING AND FIELD VERIFICATION 405 17.2.5 GIS
MANIPULATION 406 17.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 406 17.3.1 THE SPECTRAL
EVOLUTION OF A BURNED AREA 406 17.3.2 FRACTIONAL COVER BURNED 409 17.3.3
PRELIMINARY BUSHFIRE STATISTICS 410 17.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK
415 REFERENCES 416 18 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EMISSIONS OF GASES AND
PARTICULATE MATTER FROM BIOMASS BURNING D.E. WARD (WITH 9 FIGURES) 418
18.1 INTRODUCTION 418 18.2 FOREST FUELS CHEMISTRY 419 18.3 COMBUSTION
PROCESSES 421 18.4 SMOKE PRODUCTION 422 18.4.1 RELEASE OF CARBON 422
18.4.2 FORMATION OF PARTICLES 423 18.4.3 FUEL CHEMISTRY EFFECTS ON
PARTICLE FORMATION . . . 424 18.4.3.1 PARTICLE NUMBER AND VOLUME
DISTRIBUTION 425 XVI CONTENTS 18.4.3.2 EMISSION FACTORS FOR PANICULATE
MATTER 426 18.4.4 EMISSIONS OF GASES 430 18.4.4.1 NITROGEN GASES 430
18.4.4.2 SULFUR EMISSIONS (CARBONYL SULFIDE) 432 18.4.4.3 METHYL
CHLORIDE 432 18.4.4.4 CARBONE MONOXIDE 433 18.4.4.5 METHANE AND
NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS 433 18.5 SUMMARY 434 REFERENCES 435 19 OZONE
PRODUCTION FROM BIOMASS BURNING IN TROPICAL AFRICA. RESULTS FROM
DECAFE-88 M.O. ANDREAE. G. HELAS. J. RUDOLPH, B. CROS, R. DELMAS, D.
NGANGA, AND J. FONTAN (WITH 1 FIGURE) 437 REFERENCES 439 20 ESTIMATES OF
ANNUAL AND REGIONAL RELEASES OF CO, AND OTHER TRACE GASES TO THE
ATMOSPHERE FROM FIRES IN THE TROPICS, BASED ON THE FAO STATISTICS FOR
THE PERIOD 1975-1980 WEI MIN HAO. MEI-HUEY LIU, AND P.J. CRUTZEN (WITH 1
FIGURE) 440 20.1 INTRODUCTION 440 20.2 COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH 442 20.3
RESULTS 445 20.3.1 CLOSED NONFALLOW FORESTS 445 20.3.2 CLOSED FALLOW
FORESTS 445 20.3.3 OPEN NONFALLOW FORESTS 448 20.3.4 OPEN FALLOW FORESTS
450 20.3.5 GRASS LAYER OF OPEN FORESTS (HUMID SAVANNAS) 450 20.3.6
DISTRIBUTION OF CO 2 EMISSIONS IN 5 X 5 GRID CELLS . 452 20.4
DISCUSSION 456 20.5 CONCLUSIONS 459 REFERENCES 460 21 GLOBAL CHANGE:
EFFECTS ON FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND WILDFIRE SEVERITY M.A. FOSBERG, J.G.
GOLDAMMER, D. RLND, AND C. PRICE (WITH 11 FIGURES) 463 21.1 INTRODUCTION
463 21.2 SCIENTIFIC BASES FOR THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT 463 CONTENTS XVII
21.3 MODELING THE ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT 466 21.4
COUPLING THE BIOSPHERE TO THE GEOSPHERE 467 21.5 SENSITIVITY OF THE
ECOSYSTEM FORECASTS TO UNCERTAINTIES IN THE GCM S 468 21.6 ECOSYSTEM
STRESSES WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN INCLUDED 472 21.7 ECOSYSTEMS AND POTENTIAL
FIRE BEHAVIOR 474 21.8 THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON LIGHTNING 476
21.9 REGIONAL PREDICTIONS: IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DISTRIBUTION OF
FOREST BIOMES AND OTHER EFFECTS 478 21.9.1 NORTH AMERICA 478 21.9.2 THE
TROPICS 482 21.10 THE FUTURE 482 REFERENCES 484 A P P E N D I X : T H E
F R E I B U R G D E C L A R A T I O N O N T R O P I C A L F I R E S . .
. . 4 8 7 SUBJECT INDEX 491
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV004205299 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QH545 |
| callnumber-raw | QH545.F5 |
| callnumber-search | QH545.F5 |
| callnumber-sort | QH 3545 F5 |
| callnumber-subject | QH - Natural History and Biology |
| classification_rvk | WI 1300 WI 5200 |
| classification_tum | BIO 144f GEO 038f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)21902104 (DE-599)BVBBV004205299 |
| dewey-full | 574.5/2623 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 574 - [Unassigned] |
| dewey-raw | 574.5/2623 |
| dewey-search | 574.5/2623 |
| dewey-sort | 3574.5 42623 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1989 Freiburg im Breisgau gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Konferenzschrift 1989 Freiburg im Breisgau |
| geographic | Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tropen |
| id | DE-604.BV004205299 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T16:09:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540521151 0387521151 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002619506 |
| oclc_num | 21902104 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-20 DE-29 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 DE-20 DE-29 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XVII, 497 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1990 |
| publishDateSearch | 1990 |
| publishDateSort | 1990 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ecological studies |
| series2 | Ecological studies |
| spelling | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges J. G. Goldammer (ed.) Berlin u.a. Springer 1990 XVII, 497 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecological studies 84 Biocénoses - Régions tropicales - Congrès Botanica larpcal Botanique - Régions tropicales - Congrès Feux de friches - Régions tropicales - Congrès Incendies - Régions tropicales - Congrès Écologie des feux - Régions tropicales - Congrès Biotic communities Tropics Congresses Botany Tropics Congresses Fire ecology Tropics Congresses Fires Tropics Congresses Wildfires Tropics Congresses Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Tropischer Regenwald (DE-588)4061016-0 gnd rswk-swf Brandrodung (DE-588)4146467-9 gnd rswk-swf Wildnis (DE-588)4127225-0 gnd rswk-swf Biota (DE-588)4252449-0 gnd rswk-swf Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd rswk-swf Feuer (DE-588)4016969-8 gnd rswk-swf Feuerökologie (DE-588)4638558-7 gnd rswk-swf Störung (DE-588)4133232-5 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Brand (DE-588)4133754-2 gnd rswk-swf Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1989 Freiburg im Breisgau gnd-content Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 g Brand (DE-588)4133754-2 s Wildnis (DE-588)4127225-0 s DE-604 Feuerökologie (DE-588)4638558-7 s Biota (DE-588)4252449-0 s Feuer (DE-588)4016969-8 s Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Tropischer Regenwald (DE-588)4061016-0 s Brandrodung (DE-588)4146467-9 s Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s Störung (DE-588)4133232-5 s Goldammer, Johann Georg Sonstige oth Ecological studies 84 (DE-604)BV000004586 84 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002619506&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges Ecological studies Biocénoses - Régions tropicales - Congrès Botanica larpcal Botanique - Régions tropicales - Congrès Feux de friches - Régions tropicales - Congrès Incendies - Régions tropicales - Congrès Écologie des feux - Régions tropicales - Congrès Biotic communities Tropics Congresses Botany Tropics Congresses Fire ecology Tropics Congresses Fires Tropics Congresses Wildfires Tropics Congresses Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Tropischer Regenwald (DE-588)4061016-0 gnd Brandrodung (DE-588)4146467-9 gnd Wildnis (DE-588)4127225-0 gnd Biota (DE-588)4252449-0 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Feuer (DE-588)4016969-8 gnd Feuerökologie (DE-588)4638558-7 gnd Störung (DE-588)4133232-5 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Brand (DE-588)4133754-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4061016-0 (DE-588)4146467-9 (DE-588)4127225-0 (DE-588)4252449-0 (DE-588)4061619-8 (DE-588)4016969-8 (DE-588)4638558-7 (DE-588)4133232-5 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4133754-2 (DE-588)4060997-2 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges |
| title_auth | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges |
| title_exact_search | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges |
| title_full | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges J. G. Goldammer (ed.) |
| title_fullStr | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges J. G. Goldammer (ed.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges J. G. Goldammer (ed.) |
| title_short | Fire in the tropical biota |
| title_sort | fire in the tropical biota ecosystem processes and global challenges |
| title_sub | ecosystem processes and global challenges |
| topic | Biocénoses - Régions tropicales - Congrès Botanica larpcal Botanique - Régions tropicales - Congrès Feux de friches - Régions tropicales - Congrès Incendies - Régions tropicales - Congrès Écologie des feux - Régions tropicales - Congrès Biotic communities Tropics Congresses Botany Tropics Congresses Fire ecology Tropics Congresses Fires Tropics Congresses Wildfires Tropics Congresses Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Tropischer Regenwald (DE-588)4061016-0 gnd Brandrodung (DE-588)4146467-9 gnd Wildnis (DE-588)4127225-0 gnd Biota (DE-588)4252449-0 gnd Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Feuer (DE-588)4016969-8 gnd Feuerökologie (DE-588)4638558-7 gnd Störung (DE-588)4133232-5 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Brand (DE-588)4133754-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biocénoses - Régions tropicales - Congrès Botanica Botanique - Régions tropicales - Congrès Feux de friches - Régions tropicales - Congrès Incendies - Régions tropicales - Congrès Écologie des feux - Régions tropicales - Congrès Biotic communities Tropics Congresses Botany Tropics Congresses Fire ecology Tropics Congresses Fires Tropics Congresses Wildfires Tropics Congresses Ökologie Tropischer Regenwald Brandrodung Wildnis Biota Umweltbelastung Feuer Feuerökologie Störung Ökosystem Brand Tropen Konferenzschrift 1989 Freiburg im Breisgau |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002619506&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000004586 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT goldammerjohanngeorg fireinthetropicalbiotaecosystemprocessesandglobalchallenges |