Essentials of grammatical theory: a consensus view of syntax and morphology
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Routledge & Kegan Paul
1979
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 310 S. |
| ISBN: | 0710002777 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Essentials of grammatical theory |b a consensus view of syntax and morphology |c D. J. Allerton |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Routledge & Kegan Paul |c 1979 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 310 S. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Grammaire comparée et générale | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammar, Comparative and general | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117978033160192 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Typographical conventions xi
Préface xv
1 The study of language 1
Différent views of language: of the man-in-the-street, the 1
philosopher, the literary critic, the psychologist, etc., the
linguistic approach - neutral, unslanted, language for its
own sake.
Différent linguistic théories: survey of différent schools 3
of linguistics.
The linguistic approach to language: objectivity; sys- 8
tematicness; descriptive approach; balance between
language-specific and language-universal; distinction of
synchronie and diachronic; language as a structure; lan¬
guage as a tool with différent functions.
Questions for study 16
Further reading 17
2 Language as a semiotic System 18
Some basic notions: sign, signal, symbol; type and token; 18
code and message; signal, noise and redundancy.
Language-independent semiotic Systems: traffic lights, 22
cricket umpire s signais, etc.; logical, mathematical and
musical symbols; paralanguage.
Distinctive characteristics of language: discreteness of 27
symbols, double articulation , arbitrariness, différent
média, range of meanings - including displacement
and creativity; comparison with animal languages .
v
The organization oflanguage: expression and content; 30
form and substance .
Linguistic relations and values: paradigmatic, syntag- 33
matic and functional relations; linguistic values, con¬
stants and variables, distinctiveness, déterminant and
demarcative value, -emic and -etic.
Rules and tendencies 37
Questions for study 39
Further reading 40
3 The task of grammar 42
The scope of grammar: plerematic and cenematic; 42
grammar and semantics; grammar and lexis; morpho-
logy and syntax.
The morphème as a basic unit: criteria of récurrence and 49
meaningfulness; problems of unique morphèmes,
polysemy and homonymy.
Kinds of grammar: prescriptive and descriptive, mono- 52
lingual and bilingual grammars; text-based, exemp-
lificatory and generative grammars; compétence and
performance, grammar as a theory of compétence;
hocus-pocus and God s truth .
Questions for study 58
Further reading 59
4 Generative grammar - rules and descriptions 60
Judging the adequacy ofa grammar: explicitness in tradi- 60
tional grammar, in Jespersen, in Harris and in generative
grammar.
Finite-state grammars: their capacity and their limita- 62
tions.
Rewrite grammars: their conventions, their capacities 71
and their subvarieties.
Phrase-structure grammars: descriptive adequacy and 76
tree diagrams; kinds of rule and their formulation;
context-sensitive rules.
The adequacy of phrase^structure grammars: transfor- 84
vi
mational relations, discontinuous constituents, deep
and surface grammar; problems of observational ade-
quacy .
Questions for study 90
Further reading 92
5 Grammatical analysis 93
Description and analysis: the exploration of grammatical 93
compétence, intuitions and their évaluation: grammati¬
cal same and grammatical différent , minimal
grammatical différences: the purpose of operational
tests, their différence from discovery procédures.
Grammatical tests (substitution, expansion and reduc- 98
tion, insertion and omission, permutation/transposition,
complex transformations ) and their uses.
Grammatical patterns: resolution of structures into pat- 104
terns; the marking of patterns by structural signais
(=grammatical markers).
Questions for study 106
Further reading 108
6 Constructions - the problem of bracketing 109
Constructions and constituents: togetherness , Ulti- 109
mate Constituents and Immédiate Constituents, hier-
archy of constructions; notations for bracketing.
Establishment of constructions: operational tests to jus- 112
tify bracketing; bracketing as only one aspect of con¬
structions, alongside relational and class aspects, giving
three différent kinds of syntactic ambiguity.
The analysis of constituent patterns: problematic cases 118
such as determiner-adjective-noun; multiple con¬
stituents; crossing of word boundaries; discontinuous
constituents.
Relations of constituents within a construction: the 126
notions of endocentric, exocentric, subordinative and
coordinative; the semantic relationships conveyed by
constructions.
Questions pr study 130
Further reading 131
vii
7 Grammatical class - the problem of labelling 133
Class and subclass: class as a set of substitution lists; 133
grammatical restrictions on co-occurrence; subclasses.
Syntactic features: hierarchical classification and cross- 138
classification; syntactic feature matrices and System
networks; marked and unmarked.
Neutralization: system-determined, context-determined 142
and lexically determined.
Class membership: multiple membership of classes 146
( class cleavage ).
Class markers: overt and covert. 147
Agreement between subclasses (= subcategories): con- 149
cord, government and cross-reference.
Questions for study 153
Further reading 154
8 Transformations 155
The raison d être of transformations: différent notions of 155
transformation (traditional, Harris s, Chomsky s); dif¬
férent functions of transformations.
Transformations in generative grammar: the format of 159
transformational rules; optional and obligatory trans¬
formations, deep and surface structure, meaning-
changing and meaning-preserving transformations;
classical theory , standard theory , extended stan¬
dard theory and generative semantics ; ordering
of rules, intrinsic and extrinsic, the transformational
cycle.
The powers of transformations: deletion, substitution, 173
adjunction and permutation; feature spécification trans¬
formations; Iimits and limitations on transformations,
the primacy of Harris s transformations.
Questions for study 180
Further reading 182
9 Rank - the size units of grammar 183
The rank scale and other scales: traditional view of sen- 183
viii
tence, clause, phrase, word and morphème; scales of
realization and delicacy.
Embedding: of sentences, of noun phrases, and of other 189
éléments; markers of embedding; embedding in genera-
tive grammar.
Coordination: éléments that may be coordinated (con- 197
joined); length and depth of coordinative construc¬
tions; coordination in generative grammar; markers of
coordination.
A critical view ofrank: defining the sentence; the nature 202
of clauses and phrases; an alternative view of rank .
Questions for study 207
Further reading 209
10 Morphological structure 210
Words and morphèmes: the nature of the word; bound 210
and free morphèmes; root, stem and affix; derived and
inflected words; complex and compound words.
Morphology and phonology: allomorphy, phonological 216
and morphological conditioning; kinds of affix, mor¬
phological zéro, subtractive and replacive morphs;
models of morphophonemic description (IA, IP and
WP).
Lexical and inflectional morphology: word-formation 225
and its particularism , productivity; kinds of deriva-
tional affix; patterns of compounding; inflectional mor¬
phology, its morphophonemic complexities and its rela¬
tion to syntax.
Questions for study 233
Further reading 235
11 Grammar and meaning 236
Grammatical classes and meaning 236
Secondary catégories and meaning: gender, number, 239
deixis person, case, voice, mood, tense, aspect, etc.
Grammatical structures and meaning: the treatment of 249
verbal auxiliaries; subject; object, etc. and the abstract
notion of case; the generative semantic view.
ix
Grammar, meaning and logic: grammatical universals, 256
logic as a universal base; propositional calculus, pre-
dicate calculus and quantifier logic; the illogicality of
natural language.
Questions for study 262
Further reading 263
12 Grammar and discourse 265
Textual links between sentence parts: shared knowledge 265
of speaker and addressee, implications; givenness of the
réfèrent and of the lexeme, optional deletion (ellipsis);
news value; presuppositions, assertions and hypothèses;
thème, rheme, and hypertheme.
Sentence patterning within the text: subordinative and 276
coordinative relations between sentences, the rôle of
conjunctions and sentence adverbials; functional types
of sentence; speech acts and performatives; sentence
planning, conversational analysis, analysis of written
texts.
Questions for study 283
Further reading 284
Bibliography 285
Index 295
x
1
|
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| spelling | Allerton, David J. 1936-2019 Verfasser (DE-588)124959725 aut Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology D. J. Allerton 1. publ. London Routledge & Kegan Paul 1979 XVI, 310 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Grammaire comparée et générale Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Generative Transformationsgrammatik (DE-588)4071705-7 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Generative Transformationsgrammatik (DE-588)4071705-7 s HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002310977&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Allerton, David J. 1936-2019 Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology Grammaire comparée et générale Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Generative Transformationsgrammatik (DE-588)4071705-7 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071705-7 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology |
| title_auth | Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology |
| title_exact_search | Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology |
| title_full | Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology D. J. Allerton |
| title_fullStr | Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology D. J. Allerton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology D. J. Allerton |
| title_short | Essentials of grammatical theory |
| title_sort | essentials of grammatical theory a consensus view of syntax and morphology |
| title_sub | a consensus view of syntax and morphology |
| topic | Grammaire comparée et générale Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Generative Transformationsgrammatik (DE-588)4071705-7 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grammaire comparée et générale Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Generative Transformationsgrammatik |
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