Legal aspects of international terrorism:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lexington, Mass. [u.a.]
Heath
1978
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Lexington books
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVIII, 690 S. |
| ISBN: | 0669021857 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Legal aspects of international terrorism |c ed. by Alona E. Evans ... |
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| 300 | |a XXXVIII, 690 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117975333076992 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xxi
Introduction xxiii
Part I Terrorists * Threats and Societal Vulnerabilities 1
Chapter 1 Aircraft and Aviation Facilities Alona E. Evans 3
Introduction 3
The Problem of Terrorist Attacks on Civil
Aviation and Aviation Facilities 4
Incidence of Attacks 4
Changing Character of Attacks on Civil Aviation 7
Changing Responses to Attacks on Civil Aviation 8
Existing National Measures for Controlling
Attacks on Civil Aviation 10
Security Programs 10
Anti-Hijacking Legislation 15
Enforcement of Laws and Regulations 15
Existing International Measures for Controlling
Attacks on Civil Aviation 20
Conventions and Bilateral Agreements 20
Security Measures 26
Proposed Sanctions or Enforcement Convention 28
Economic and Political Milieus 31
Economic Considerations: The Cost Factor in Hijacking 31
Economic Considerations: The Impact of Interest Groups 32
Political Considerations 36
Conclusion 38
Recommendations 39
Unilateral Action 39
Bilateral or Regional Action 39
Multilateral or Global Action 39
v
vi
Appendix 1A: Legislation Relating to Control
of Aircraft Hijacking 55
Appendix IB: States Parties to Relevant
Aviation Conventions 63
Appendix 1C: Domestic and Foreign Aircraft Hijackings, January 1, 1960-June 30,
1977 67
Chapter 2 Nuclear Facilities and Materials
Herbert H. Brown 149
Introduction 149
The Development of Commercial Nuclear Energy 149
The Transfer of Nuclear Technology: Dangers and Safeguards 150
Political Problems in the Development of Nuclear Energy 151
Technical Vulnerabilities of Nuclear Materials
and Facilities 152
The Threat to Nuclear Facilities and Materials 155
Existing National Measures 161
Existing International Measures 166
An International Convention 174
Bilateral Agreements 176
Trilateral Safeguards Agreements 176
Conclusions 179
Recommendations 180
Chapter 3 Ocean Vessels and Offshore Structures
J.D. Nyhart and/. Christian Kessler 187
Introduction 187
Political and Economic Milieus 189
The International Context 190
Ocean Uses and International Terrorism 192
Ocean Terrorism in International Law 196
The International Element in Ocean Terrorism on the High Seas 196
The Prospective Impact on Terrorism of an International Law-of-the-Sea Treaty 199
The International Element under the SNT 203
U.S. Legal Treatment of Ocean Territories 203
Jurisdiction 203
Substantive Law 205
vii
Executory Action 208
Enforcement 209
Status of Recent Anti terrorist Planning 210
Conclusions 211
Recommendations 211
U.S. Agencies’ Responsibilities and Planning 212
Contingency Planning: Industry 212
Projecting U.S. Policy 213
Design Improvements for Offshore Structures and Vessels 213
Chapter 4 New Vulnerabilities and the Acquisition of
New Weapons by Nongovernment Groups
Brian M. Jenkins and AlfredP. Rubin 221
Introduction 221
Weapons: Old and New 221
Chemical and Biological Weapons 222
Nuclear Weapons 229
Explosives and Incendiaries 235
Man-Portable Precision-Guided Munitions 237
Other Special Infantry Weapons 238
New Vulnerabilities 240
Water Supply Systems 241
Civil Aviation 244
Nuclear Energy Systems 245
Liquefied Natural Gas 247
Hazardous Chemicals 249
Responses 253
Technology to Combat Terrorism 253
Legal Controls 255
Conclusions 267
Recommendations 269
Unilateral Action 269
International Cooperation: Bilateral,
Regional, and Multilateral or Global 270
Chapter 5 Protected Persons and Diplomatic Facilities
John F. Murphy 277
Introduction 277
The Threat and Use of Force against Diplomats:
Background and Overview 278
viii
Existing National Measures: Description and
Assessment 282
National Legislation on the Protection of Diplomats 282
National Security Measures for the Protection of Diplomats 289
Governmental Responses to the Kidnaping of Diplomats 292
Existing Internationa] Measures: Description
and Assessment 298
Traditional International Legal Measures (pre-OAS and U.N. Conventions) 298
The OAS Convention 299
The U.N. Convention 304
Amendments to U.S. Legislation Implementing the OAS and U.N. Conventions 313
Political, Economic, and Social Milieus 315
Conclusions and Recommendations 318
Unilateral Actions 318
Bilateral and Regional Actions 323
Multilateral or Global Actions 326
Chapter 6 “Nonprotected” Persons or Things
Jordan J. Paust 341
Introduction 341
The Problem: Protection 341
Possible Solutions 342
Targeting: The Question of “Innocence” 343
National Measures: Defining a Crime of
Terrorism 345
The Problems 346
Domestic Example: Texas Statute, 1973 347
Examples of Foreign Legislation 348
International Perspective 349
The Use of Violent Strategies: General Limitations 350
Laws of Aimed Conflict 352
General Human Rights Law 354
Claimed Exceptions 355
Military and Police Targets 358
Conclusions and Recommendations 360
Ideological Strategies 360
ix
Economic Strategies 363
Diplomatic Strategies 363
International Legal Strategies 365
Appendix 6A: Targets of Terrorism 389
Appendix 6B: Proposed Federal Legislation to Acquire Jurisdiction Over and Prosecute Acts of International Terrorism 393
Appendix 6C: Passive Personality Legislation 395
Appendix 6D: Protocol, for Bilateral and Multilateral Adoption As Such or in Conjunction with Other Human Rights Covenants, Treaties, etc. 397
Chapter 7 Personnel and Property of Transnational
Business Operations Clarence J Mann 399
Introduction 399
The Critical Characteristics of Transnational
Business Operations 401
Evolution and Growth of a Global Economy 401
Conflict between Transnational Business Operations and National Interest 402
Conspicuous Symbol for Terrorist Exploitation 403
Discipline of the International Marketplace 403
No Special Protection under International Law or Treaty 404
The Nature of the Terrorist Threat toward
Transnational Business Operations 404
Motives of Terrorists 405
Targets and Means 410
The Impact of Terrorism on Transnational
Business O per ations 416
Employee Morale 416
Operating Expenses 418
Business-Government Relations 418
Investment Decisions 420
Private Sector Responses to the Threat of
Terrorism 422
The Internal Security of the Enterprise 422
Cooperative Relationships 428
Media Self-Restraint 437
Hostage Insurance 445
447
448
460
464
465
467
468
469
483
485
485
485
486
488
489
489
493
493
493
495
503
503
505
506
507
508
523
523
x
Governmental Measures for Combating Terrorism National Measures International Measures Conclusions and Recommendations U.S. Policy Research Data Exchange
Private Sector Resource Center
Prevention and Control of Terrorism: International Responses
An International Control Scheme for the Prosecution of International Terrorism:
An Introduction M. Cherif Bassiouni
A Working Definition of International Terrorism
Prosecuting Terrorists: An Internationa]
Control Scheme
Internationally Protected Targets and Persons and the Duty to Prosecute or Extradite
Municipal Crimes of Violence Having an International Element Conclusions Recommendations
The Apprehension and Prosecution of Offenders: Some Current Problems A Iona E. Evans
Apprehension
Practice
Policy
Prosecution
Variations on Prosecution The Problem of Fair Treatment The Hazards of Prosecution Conclusions Recommendations
Criminological Policy M. Cherif Bassiouni
The Terrorist as an Ideologically Motivated Offender
xi
Sanctions Employed by Criminal Law 524
The Death Penalty 524
Imprisonment 525
Imprisonment: Its Role and Effectiveness 525
The Role of Imprisonment 525
Theories of Punishment 526
Is Imprisonment Effective? 528
An International Perspective 530
Conclusions 531
Recommendations 532
Chapter 11 Practical Problems of Law Enforcement
Wayne A. Kerstetter 535
Introduction 535
International Agreements and Treaties 536
The Elimination of Sanctuaries 536
The Political Crimes Exception to Extradition Treaties 536
Restriction in the Interpol Constitution 538
International Documentation and Passports 539
Airport Security 539
National Legal Restraints 540
Antiterrorist Intelligence in the United States 540
The Dissemination of Information 541
The Protection of Sources 543
The Structure and Function of Law Enforcement
Agencies 544
Conflict of Jurisdiction 544
The Need for Information 545
A National Data Base on Terrorism 546
An Interpol Police Force versus an International Working Group 547
An International Detention Center 548
Conclusions 548
Recommendations 548
Chapter 12 State Self-Help and Problems of Public
International Law John F. Murphy 553
Introduction 553
The Unilateral Use of Armed Force: The
Israeli Raid at Entebbe 554
Xll
Brief Factual Background 554
The Debates in the U.N. Security Council 555
implications for Future Action 558
Selected Other Situations Arguably Justifying
the Use of Force as a Self-Help Measure 561
Variations on a Theme: Entebbe Revisited 561
The Use of Armed Force against States Serving as ‘‘Subversive Centers” for International Terrorists 563
State Self-Help Measures Not Involving the
Use of Armed Force 565
Economic Sanctions 565
International Claims 567
Diplomatic Protests 568
Quiet Diplomacy 569
Conclusions and Recommendations 569
Chapter 13 Private Measures of Sanction
Jordan J. Paust 575
Introduction 575
General Focus 575
An Objective Definition of Terrorism 576
Private Self-Help Sanctions: Strategies and
Policies 577
Private Responses: Strategies of Sanctions 579
Legal Policies at Stake 582
Decisions and Conditioning Factors: Recent
Trends 588
Public Opinion: Enlightenment 589
Respect, Rectitude, and Moral Suasion 592
Wealth Factors 593
Well-being Factors 596
Skill Factors 599
Power Factors 601
Policy Recommendations 604
Private Assassination and U.S. Policy 605
Education as a Key Deterrent 606
Free Media and a Code of Professional Ethics 606
Legislation 607
A Contract Clause 610
Conclusion 612
xiii
Appendix Conclusions and Recommendations 631
Introduction 633
General Recommendations of the Study 635
Drafting General Treaty Law 635
Promoting Cooperative National Action through International Conference(s) 636
Educational Programs 637
Media Guidelines 637
Negotiations: An Inappropriate Subject for Legislation 637
Specific Conclusions and Recommendations
of the Study 638
Terrorists’ Threats and Societal Vulnerabilities 638
Prevention and Control of Terrorism:
International Responses 654
Additional Recommendations of Individual
Working Group Members 666
American Society of International Law:
Working Group on Legal Aspects of International Terrorism 669
Index 671
About the Contributors 691
About the Editors 693
About the Society 695
|
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| isbn | 0669021857 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Legal aspects of international terrorism ed. by Alona E. Evans ... Lexington, Mass. [u.a.] Heath 1978 XXXVIII, 690 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lexington books Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd rswk-swf Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 s DE-604 Evans, Alona E. Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002309038&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Legal aspects of international terrorism Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4059534-1 |
| title | Legal aspects of international terrorism |
| title_auth | Legal aspects of international terrorism |
| title_exact_search | Legal aspects of international terrorism |
| title_full | Legal aspects of international terrorism ed. by Alona E. Evans ... |
| title_fullStr | Legal aspects of international terrorism ed. by Alona E. Evans ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legal aspects of international terrorism ed. by Alona E. Evans ... |
| title_short | Legal aspects of international terrorism |
| title_sort | legal aspects of international terrorism |
| topic | Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Terrorismus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002309038&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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