Disciplined inquiry: understanding and doing educational research
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Longman
1989
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 293 S. |
| ISBN: | 0582998646 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | niSCiPLINET)
INQUIRY
UNDERSTANDING
ANDDOING
EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH
R Tony Eichelberger
University of Pittsburgh
Longman
New York ft London
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Philosophical Foundations of Knowledge
Changing Epistemological Perspectives
Positivism, Phenomenology, and Hermeneutics
Studying an Educational Innovation
Idealists, Realists, and Pragmatists
Ways of Knowing
Tradition
Personal Experience
Systematic Study
Theory in Education
Summary
Suggested Activities
Related Sources
References
2 Science and Empirical Research
Views of Science
xni
xvii
jrix
vii
viii CONTENTS
Scientific Method 23
Assumptions of Science 26
Educational Research 27
Typical Education Studies 29
Ethics in Research 31
Example 2: Milgram s Study of Obedience 32
Changes in Perspectives about Ethical Practices 34
Guidelines for Ethical Practices 36
Review Procedures 38
Summary 38
The Empirical Research Process 39
Problem and Purpose of Study 40
Reviewing Literature Relevant to a Problem 41
Characteristics of Data 41
Research Design: Quality and Relevance of Research Results 42
Organizing, Analyzing, and Summarizing Empirical
Information 42
Interpreting Results of a Study 43
Summary 43
Suggested Activities 44
Related Sources 45
References 46
3 Problem and Purpose of Study 47
Problem Statement, Hypotheses, and Research Questions 48
Hypotheses or Research Questions? 51
Conceptualizing a Research Study 55
Example 3: McKeown Doctoral Dissertation 56
Defining Terms 60
Summary 65
Suggested Activities 65
Related Sources 66
References 67
4 Reviewing Literature Relevant to a Problem 69
Functions of the Literature Review 70
Learn the History of the Problem 70
Become Familiar with Theoretical Backgrounds 72
Assess Strengths and Weaknesses of Previous Studies 73
Identify Promising Ways to Study the Problem 75
Develop a Conceptual Framework 76
CONTENTS iX
Example 4a: Israelite Doctoral Dissertation 77
Example 4b: Weaver Doctoral Dissertation 78
Example 4c: Eddins Doctoral Dissertation 80
Finding Relevant Literature 83
Identifying Key Terms 83
References or Indexes 84
Reviews of Literature 85
Summarizing Research on Note Cards 86
Analysis and Synthesis of Research 88
Example 5a: Israelite Doctoral Dissertation 89
Example 5b: Weaver Doctoral Dissertation 92
Summary 96
Suggested Activities 96
Related Sources 97
References 97
5 Characteristics of Data 101
Qualitative and Quantitative Information 101
Objective and Subjective Data 102
Measuring Variables 104
Measurement Scales 104
Descriptive Statistics 107
Measures of Central Tendency 108
Measures of Variability 110
Normal Distribution 113
Measures of Relationship 113
Quality of Data 116
Reliability 119
Validity 122
Measurement Theory 127
Types of Measurement Procedures 128
Observation 130
Interviews and Questionnaires 133
Achievement Tests 135
Measures of Personal Characteristics 143
Summary 147
Suggested Activities 149
Related Sources 149
References 150
6 Research Design: Issues of Quality and Relevance of Research
Results 153
Introduction 153
CONTENTS
Internal Validity 156
Control of Alternative Explanations 157
External Validity 164
Types of Research Studies 170
Historical Research 172
Descriptive Research 173
Experimental Research 177
Summary 180
Suggested Activities 181
Related Sources 182
References 183
7 Organizing, Analyzing, and Summarizing Empirical Information 185
Descriptive Statistics 186
Relationship Between Research Questions (Hypotheses)
and Data Analysis Procedures 189
Illustration One 190
Illustration Two 194
Illustration Three 195
Inferential Statistics 197
Logic of Statistical Inference 198
Statistics Used in Tests of Significance 200
Tests of Significance in Research 206
Statistical Examples 208
Role of Tests of Significance in Research 212
Summary 214
Suggested Activities 215
Related Sources 216
References 217
8 Interpreting Results of a Study 219
Integrated Nature of a Study
Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative Data
Study Example and Interpretation
Example 6: Analyzing and Interpreting Quantitative Data
(Bean and Eichelberger Study)
Summary
Suggested Activities
Related Sources
References
CONTENTS xi
9 Content and Structure of the Research Report 239
Structure of the Report
Content of the Report
Introduction to the Study
Review of Literature
Methods
Findings
Discussion and Conclusions
Writing the Research Report
Write Up Activity While Doing It
Outline Each Section of the Report
Write Rough Draft and Set It Aside
Use the Same Words for the Same Meaning
Tables and Figures Must Stand Alone
Summary
Suggested Activities
Related Sources
References
ory, Research, and Practice
Practical Value of Theory
Example 7: Impact of Research on Education
(Getzels Study)
Relationship Between Research and Theory
Example 8: Teacher Expectancy Effect Studies
Research, Experience and Practical Decision-Making
Theoretical versus Practical Knowledge
Unknown Variables in Research and Theory
Multidisciplinary Nature of Education
Summary
Suggested Activities
Related Sources
References
Index 285
|
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