People in culture: a survey of cultural anthropology
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Praeger
1980
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Praeger special studies. Praeger scientific.
A J. F. Bergin book. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 626 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0030283515 003051021X |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
Preface
Introduction. INO ROSSI
Anthropology as a Field of Inquiry, 1
The Scope of Anthropology, 7
Summary, 14
References, 28
UNIT I THEORIES OF CULTURE AND
ANTHROPOLOGICAL METHODS
INO ROSSI AND EDWARD O’HIGGINS
1 The Development of Theories of Culture
Forerunners of Scientific Anthropology, 31
The Advent of Academic Anthropology, 37
Recent Trends in Anthropology, 54
References, 75
2 Anthropological Methods
Theory and Method, 79
Ethnography and Ethnology, 79
Field Methods, 81
Comparative Methods, 97
Ethics and Anthropological Research, 97
Conclusions f 101
References, 702
viii Contents
UNIT II LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
JOHN J. GUMPERZ AND ADRIAN BENNETT
3 Language, Communication, and Grammar
Human and Animal Communication, 105
The Characteristics of Human Language, 106
The Function of Grammar, 109
Levels of Grammar, 110
Phonetics, the Categorization of Speech Sounds, 112
Phonology, 115
Syntax, 121
Transformational Component, 128
Generative Semantics, 130
Lexical Semantics, 131
Language Acquisition, 135
References, 137
4 Language and Society
Early Attitudes toward Grammar, 139
Language History and the Evolution of Language, 141
Comparative and Historical Linguistics, 142
Structural Linguistics, 146
Language and Thought, 148
Dialect Studies and Recent Language History, 151
Types of Linguistic Community, 155
Code and Style Switching, 158
Language and Social Control, 161
Summary, 166
References, 167
UNIT III GROWING UP WITHIN A CULTURE
GEORGE DEVOS
5 Psychological Anthropology:
Humans as Learners of Culture
An Historical Overview of Culture and Personality, 170
Stages in Psychological Development, 179
Changes in the Individual, 179
Transformations in the Life Cycle, 191
The Cultural Patterning of the Life Cycle, 196
Transitions in Status and Belonging, 212
Summary and Conclusions, 217
References, 219
Contents ix
6 Psychological Responses to Change in Society and Culture
Social Organization and Personality, 226
Acculturation: Psychological Problems, 231
Cultural Continuity versus Social Change, 240
Conclusions, 250
References, 250
UNIT IV ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
MAURICE GODELIER
7 Anthropology and Economics: The Analysis of Production,
Circulation, and Consumption of Economic Goods
Is an Economic Anthropology Possible?, 256
The Definition of Economics, 257
The Process of Production, 258
References, 282
8 Forms and Conditions of Appropriation of the Means
of Production
Social Forms of Appropriation and Control of the
Means of Production, 285
Forms and Conditions of the Circulation of Goods, 296
Forms of Consumption, 303
Economy and Society, 304
How Does One Analyze the “Causality of Economic
Structures”, 308
Contradictions and Transformations of Socio-Economic Systems
and of Humans’ Relationship to Nature, 309
The Problem of the Possibles, 311
References, 312
UNIT V THE ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL LIFE:
THE PERSPECTIVE OF KINSHIP STUDIES
IRA BUCHLER
9 From Family to Community
Introduction, 314
The Family, 319
The Exchange of Rights, 326
The Process of Exchange, 330
Social and Biological Kinship, 335
Developmental Cycles, 337
Kinship Nomenclature, 342
225
255
256
285
313
314
x Contents
Kinship Extensions and Kinship Nomenclatures, 343
Dravidian Terminology, 345
Styles of Kinship Interpretations 347
Analysis of Kinship Nomenclature, 352
Sociological Interpretations of Kinship, 356
References, 358
10 The Descent of Alliance 365
Descent and Descent Groups, 365
The Bilateral Principle, 366
Matrilineal and Patrilineal Descent, 368
Descent and Kin Classification, 373
Omaha Classifications, 378
Kinship Classes, 379
Extensions of Kinship, 381
Totemism and Alliance, 384
The Organization of Affect, 388
Exchange Systems: Sentiment and Structure, 390
Conclusions, 394
References, 395
UNIT VI THE ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL LIFE:
THE PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 399
LAWRENCE KRADER
AND INO ROSSI (CHAPTER 11, PART 1)
11 Political Functions in Nonstate and State Societies 400
Part I: Political Functions in Prestate Societies 400
Introduction, 400
What are Political Functions?, 400
Political Functions in Nonstate and State Societies, 402
Social Composition, 404
Levels of Sociocultural Integration, 408
Part II: Political Society and Political Economy 418
Primitive Society versus Political Society, 418
The Organizing Principles of Political Society, 420
Divisions of Political Society, 422
Origins of the State, 425
Political Society, 427
Political Society and the Individual, 428
Internal and External Factors in the Formation of the State:
Conquest Theory, 430
References, 433
Contents xi
12 The Functions of State Societies 435
Dual Functions of the State, 435
The State and Government of a Territory, 443
Development of the Theory of the State, 445
Community and Political Society of Mongols and
Ancient Jews, 450
The Emergence of Social Class, 453
The Evolution of Political Society and the Origin of Law, 456
The Legal Person, the Corporate Group, and the State, 460
The Myth of Leadership in Political Society, 464
Changing Functions of Political Society, 468
References, 475
UNIT VII RELIGION IN CULTURE 479
ERIK SCHWIMMER
13 Myth and Its Connections 480
Introduction, 480
What is Religion? Functional Aspects, 481
What is Religion? Semiotic Aspects, 484
What is Religion? Functional and Semiotic Approaches
Combined, 487
Do Nonliterate Cultures Have Religion?, 488
How Can We Compare Religions?, 492
Structural Comparative Method, 494
What is Myth?, 500
Myth and Ideology, 502
Myth in Class Societies, 505
Conclusions, 507
References, 509
14 The Anthropology of Religious Practices 511
Definitions, 511
When is Ritual a Religious Practice?, 513
Religious Practice and Ideology, 514
Methods of Explanation, 516
Religious Practitioners, 518
The Place of Symbolism in Religious Practices, 520
Demonstrative Practices, 523
Transformative Practices: Magic, 530
Conclusions, 534
References, 535
xii Contents
UNIT VIII FROM PRIMITIVE TO MODERN CULTURE 539
STANLEY DIAMOND AND BERNARD BELASCO
15 Biological and Cultural Evolution 540
Evolution, Progress, and Development, 540
Evolution: The Concrete Phenomenon, 544
Evolution and Anthropological Theory, 554
Conclusion, 564
Referencesy 566
16 The Anthropological Study of “Complex” Societies 568
The Sociological View of Complex Society, 568
Anthropology in Complex Society, 578
Conclusion 593
References, 594
Epilogue: The Social Responsibility of Anthropology 597
INO ROSSI AND EDWARD O’HIGGINS
Relevance of Anthropology for Contemporary Civilization, 597
Anthropology and Colonialism, 599
Anthropology as a Career, 608
Conclusion, 609
References, 609
Index
612
About the Authors
624
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| title | People in culture a survey of cultural anthropology |
| title_auth | People in culture a survey of cultural anthropology |
| title_exact_search | People in culture a survey of cultural anthropology |
| title_full | People in culture a survey of cultural anthropology Ino Rossi, ed. Ira Büchler ... |
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| title_short | People in culture |
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| title_sub | a survey of cultural anthropology |
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| topic_facet | Ethnologie Ethnology Kulturanthropologie Aufsatzsammlung |
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