Language tests at school: a pragmatic approach
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Longman
1979
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Applied linguistics and language study
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 492 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0582553652 058255294X |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Oller, John W. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Language tests at school |b a pragmatic approach |c John W. Oller |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Longman |c 1979 | |
| 300 | |a XX, 492 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Applied linguistics and language study | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Język i mowa - testy uzdolnień |2 jhpk | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Langage et langues - Examens, questions, etc | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sprache | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Language and languages |x Examinations | |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002110324 | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117692354920448 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Chapter
1
Introduction page
A. What is a language test?
1
B. What is language testing research
about?
3
С
Organization of this book
6
Key Points
11
Discussion Questions
12
Suggested Readings
13
PART ONE
THEORY AND RESEARCH BASES FOR
PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE TESTING
Chapter
2
Language Skill as a Pragmatic
Expectancy Grammar
16
A. What is pragmatics about?
16
B. The factive aspect of language use
19
C. The emotive aspect
26
D. Language learning as grammar
construction and modification
28
E. Tests that invoke the learner s
grammar
32
Key Points
33
Discussion Questions
35
Suggested Readings
35
Chapter
3
Discrete Point,
Integrative, or
Pragmatic Tests
36
A. Discrete point versus
integrative
testing
36
VI
CONTENTS
В.
A definition of pragmatic tests
38
С.
Dictation and cloze procedure as
examples of pragmatic tests
39
D. Other examples of pragmatic tests
44
E. Research on the validity of
pragmatic tests
50
1.
The meaning of correlation
52
2.
Correlations between different
language tests
57
3.
Error analysis as an
independent source of validity
data
64
Key Points
70
Discussion Questions
71
Suggested Readings
73
Chapter
4
Multilingual Assessment
74
A. Need
74
B. Multilingualism versus
multidialectalism
77
C. Factive and emotive aspects of
multilingualism
80
D. On test biases
84
E. Translating tests or items
88
F. Dominance and proficiency
93
G. Tentative suggestions
98
Key Points
100
Discussion Questions
102
Suggested Readings
104
Chapter
5
Measuring Attitudes and Motivations
105
A. The need for validating affective
measures
105
B. Hypothesized relationships
between affective variables and the
use and learning of language
112
C. Direct and indirect measures of
affect
121
D. Observed relationships to
achievement and remaining puzzles
138
CONTENTS
VU
Key Points
143
Discussion Questions
145
Suggested Readings
147
PART TWO
THEORIES AND METHODS
OF DISCRETE POINT TESTING
Chapter
6
Syntactic Linguistics as a Source for
Discrete Point Methods
150
A. From theory to practice,
exclusively?
150
B. Meaning-less structural analysis
152
С
Pattern drills without meaning
157
D. From discrete point teaching to
discrete point testing
165
E.
Contrastive
linguistics
169
F. Discrete elements of discrete
aspects of discrete components of
discrete skills
-
a problem of
numbers
172
Key Points
177
Discussion Questions
178
Suggested Readings
180
Chapter
7
Statistical Traps
181
A. Sampling theory and test
construction
181
B. Two common misinterpretations
of correlations
187
С
Statistical procedures as the final
criterion for item selection
196
D. Referencing tests against non-
native performance
199
Key Points
204
Discussion Questions
206
Suggested Readings
208
Chapter
8
Discrete Point Tests
209
A. What they attempt to do
209
VIU
CONTENTS
В.
Theoretical problems in isolating
pieces of a system
212
C. Examples of discrete point items
217
D. A proposed reconciliation with
pragmatic testing theory
227
Key Points
229
Discussion Questions
230
Suggested Readings
230
Chapter
9
Multiple Choice Tests
231
A. Is there any other way to ask a
question?
231
B. Discrete point and
integrative
multiple choice tests
233
C. About writing items
237
D. Item analysis and its
interpretation
245
E. Minimal recommended steps for
multiple choice test preparation
255
F. On the instructional value of
multiple choice tests
256
Key Points
257
Discussion Questions
258
Suggested Readings
259
PART THREE
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR LANGUAGE TESTING
Chapter
10
Dictation and Closely Related
Auditory Tasks
262
A. Which dictation and other
auditory tasks are pragmatic
? 263
B. What makes dictation work?
265
C. How can dictation be done?
267
Key Points
298
Discussion Questions
300
Suggested Readings
302
CONTENTS
IX
Chapter
11
Tests of Productive Oral
Communication
303
A. Prerequisites for pragmatic
speaking tests
304
B. The Bilingual Syntax Measure
308
C. The
Ily
in Oral Interview and the
Upshur Oral Communication Test
314
D. The Foreign Service Institute Oral
Interview
320
E. Other pragmatic speaking tasks
326
Key Points
335
Discussion Questions
336
Suggested Readings
338
Chapter
12
Varieties of Cloze Procedure
340
A. What is the cloze procedure
?
341
B. Cloze tests as pragmatic tasks
345
С
Applications of cloze procedure
348
D. How to make and use cloze tests
363
Key Points
375
Discussion Questions
377
Suggested Readings
379
Chapter
13
Essays and Related Writing Tasks
381
A. Why essays?
381
B. Examples of pragmatic writing
tasks
383
С
Scoring for conformity to correct
prose
385
D. Rating content and organization
392
E. Interpreting protocols
394
Key points
398
Discussion Questions
399
Suggested Readings
400
Chapter
14
Inventing New Tests in Relation to a
Coherent Curriculum
401
A. Why language skills in a school
curriculum?
401
CONTENTS
B.
The ultimate problem of test
validity
403
C. A model
:
the Mount
Gravati
reading program
408
D. Guidelines and checks for new
testing procedures
415
Key Points
418
Discussion Questions
419
Suggested Readings
421
Appendix
The Factorial Structure of Language
Proficiency
:
Divisible or Not
? 423
A. Three empirically testable
alternatives
424
B.
The empirical method
426
с
Data
from second language
studies
428
D.
The Carbondale Project,
1976-7
431
E.
Data from first language studies
451
F.
Directions for further empirical
research
456
References
459
Index
479
LIST OF FIGURES
page
Figure
1
A cartoon drawing illustrating the style of
the Bilingual Syntax Measure
48
Figure
2
A hypothetical view of the amount of
variance in learning to be accounted for by
emotive versus factive sorts of information
83
Figure
3
A dominance scale in relation to proficiency
scales
99
Figure
4
Example of a Likert-type attitude scale
intended for children
137
Figure
5
Componential breakdown of language
proficiency proposed by Harris
(1969,
p.
11) 173
Figure
6
Componential analysis of language skills as
a framework for test construction from
Cooper
(1968,1972,
p.
337) 173
Figure
7
Language assessment domains as defined
by
Silverman
et al
(1976,
p.
21) 174
Figure
8
Schematic representation of constructs
posited by a componential analysis of
CONTENTS Xl
language skills based on discrete point test
theory, from Oiler (1976c, p.
150)
175
Figure
9
The ship/sheep contrast by
Lado
(1961,
p.
57)
and Harris
(1969,
p.
34)
221
Figure
10
The watching/washing contrast,
Lado
(1961,
p.
57)
222
Figure
11
Thepinlpen/pan contrast,
Lado
(1961,
p.
58)
222
Figure
12
The ship/jeep/ sheep contrast,
Lado
(1961,
p.
58)
222
Figure
13
Who is watching the dishes?
(Lado,
1961,
p.
59)
222
Figure
14
Pictures from the James Language
Dominance Test
309
Figure
15
Pictures from the New York City
Language Assessment Battery, Listening and
Speaking
Subtest
309
Figure
16
Pictures
5,6
and
7
from the Bilingual Syntax
Measure
311
Figure
17
Sample pictures for the Orientation section
of the
Ily
in Oral Interview
(1976)
315
Figure
18
Items from the Upshur Oral Communication
Test
318
Figure
19
Some examples of visual closure
-
seeing the
overall pattern or
Gestalt
342
LIST OF TABLES
Table
1
Intercorrelations of the Part Scores on the
Test of English as a Foreign Language
Averaged over Forms Administered through
April,
1967
Table
2
Intercorrelations of the Part Scores on the
Test of English as a Foreign Language
Averaged over Administrations from
October,
1966
through June,
1971
Table
3
Response Frequency Distribution Example
One
Table
4
Response Frequency Distribution Example
Two
Table
5
Intercorrelations between Two Dictations,
Spelling Scores on the Same Dictations, and
Four Other Parts of the UCLA English as a
Second Language Placement Examination
Form 2D Administered to
145
Foreign
Students in the Spring of
1971
page
190
191
253
254
281
TABLES IN THE APPENDIX
Table
1
Principal Components Analysis over
Twenty-two Scores on Language Processing
Tasks Requiring Listening, Speaking,
page
XU CONTENTS
Reading, and Writing as well as Specific
Grammatical Decisions
435
Table
2
Varimax Rotated Solution for Twenty-two
Language Scores
437
Table
3
Principal Components Analysis over Sixteen
Listening Scores
439
Table
4
Varimax Rotated Solution for Sixteen
Listening Scores
440
Table
5
Principal Components Analysis over
Twenty-seven Speaking Scores
443
Table
6
Varimax Rotated Solution over Twenty-
seven Speaking Scores
444
Table
7
Principal Components Solution over Twenty
Reading Scores
446
Table
8
Varimax Rotated Solution over Twenty
Reading Scores
447
Table
9
Principal Components Analysis over
Eighteen Writing Scores
449
Table
10
Varimax Rotated Solution over Eighteen
Writing Scores
450
Table
11
Principal Components Analysis over
Twenty-three Grammar Scores
452
Table
12
Varimax Rotated Solution over Twenty-
three Grammar Scores
453
|
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| id | DE-604.BV003341499 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:58:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0582553652 058255294X |
| language | English |
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| physical | XX, 492 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1979 |
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| series2 | Applied linguistics and language study |
| spelling | Oller, John W. Verfasser aut Language tests at school a pragmatic approach John W. Oller 1. publ. London Longman 1979 XX, 492 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Applied linguistics and language study Język i mowa - testy uzdolnień jhpk Langage et langues - Examens, questions, etc Sprache Language and languages Examinations Sprachtest (DE-588)4077737-6 gnd rswk-swf Sprachtest (DE-588)4077737-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002110324&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Oller, John W. Language tests at school a pragmatic approach Język i mowa - testy uzdolnień jhpk Langage et langues - Examens, questions, etc Sprache Language and languages Examinations Sprachtest (DE-588)4077737-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4077737-6 |
| title | Language tests at school a pragmatic approach |
| title_auth | Language tests at school a pragmatic approach |
| title_exact_search | Language tests at school a pragmatic approach |
| title_full | Language tests at school a pragmatic approach John W. Oller |
| title_fullStr | Language tests at school a pragmatic approach John W. Oller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Language tests at school a pragmatic approach John W. Oller |
| title_short | Language tests at school |
| title_sort | language tests at school a pragmatic approach |
| title_sub | a pragmatic approach |
| topic | Język i mowa - testy uzdolnień jhpk Langage et langues - Examens, questions, etc Sprache Language and languages Examinations Sprachtest (DE-588)4077737-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Język i mowa - testy uzdolnień Langage et langues - Examens, questions, etc Sprache Language and languages Examinations Sprachtest |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002110324&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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