Principles of paleontology:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Francisco
Freeman
1978
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 3. Aufl. u.d.T.: Foote, Michael: Principles of paleontology |
| Beschreibung: | X, 481 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0716700220 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of paleontology |c David M. Raup ; Steven M. Stanley |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a San Francisco |b Freeman |c 1978 | |
| 300 | |a X, 481 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 500 | |a 3. Aufl. u.d.T.: Foote, Michael: Principles of paleontology | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Paléontologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Paläontologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Paleontology | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
Preface ix
part 1 DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION
OF FOSSILS
1. Preservation and the Fossil Record 1
The Nature of the Sample 3
Kinds of Organisms 10
Numbers of Individuals 13
Preservability 14
Biologic Destruction 14
Mechanical Destruction 16
Chemical Destruction 20
Biologic Structures Most Likely To Be Preserved 20
Environment and Preservability 21
Post-mortem Transport 24
Conclusion 25
2. Describing a Single Specimen 25
The Pictorial Description 28
Photographic or Mechanical Images 28
The Line Drawing 34
Descriptive Terminology 35
Description by Measurement 37
Describing Internal Structures 44
3. Ontogenetic Variation 45
Types of Growth 46
Accretion of Existing Parts 46
Addition of New Parts 47
Molting 49
VI Contents
Modification 51
Mixed Growth Strategies 51
Describing Ontogenetic Change 55
Growth Rates 59
Reasons for Anisometric Growth 63
Ontogeny of Colonial Organisms 66
4. The Population as a Unit 69
Populations in Biology 69
Individual Variation within Populations 71
Ontogenetic Differences 71
Genetic Differences 72
Nongenetic Differences 74
Fossil Populations 75
Population Dynamics 78
Procedures in Describing Variation 85
Variation within Assemblages 85
Variation between Assemblages 87
Multivariate Analysis 90
5. The Species as a Unit 101
The Biologic Species Definition 102
The Origin of Species 103
Natural Selection 103
Geographic Speciation 104
The Subspecies 105
Clines and Ring Species 105
Addition of Species without Geographic Isolation 106
Rates of Evolution and Speciation 106
Biologic Methods of Species Discrimination 107
The Species Problem in Paleontology 109
Formal Naming and Description of Species 114
The Format of a Description 116
Diagnosis and Description 117
Type Specimens 125
Changing Species Names 126
Perspective 127
6. Grouping of Species into Higher Categories 129
Classification versus Evolution 130
Taxonomic Categories 131
Criteria for Definition of Higher Categories 138
Numerical Taxonomy 142
Cladistic Taxonomy 146
7. Identification of Fossils 151
Normal Procedures 152
Keys 155
Contents Vli
Automatic Methods of Identification 158
Presentation of Results 158
Bibliographic Sources 161
part 11 THE USES OF PALEONTOLOGIC DATA 613
8. Adaptation and Functional Morphology 165
The Nonrandomness of Adaptation 166
Theoretical Morphology 170
Methods of Functional Morphologic Analysis 178
Examples of Functional Analysis 180
Vision in Trilobites 180
Biomechanics of Pterosaurs 182
Evolution of Jaw Mechanics 188
Life-habit Transitions in Mussels 192
Conclusion 195
9. Biostratigraphy 197
Rock-stratigraphic Units 198
Biostratigraphic Units—The Biozone 203
Correlation with Fossils 207
Stratigraphie Ranges and Zones 207
Percentage of Common Taxa 209
Index Fossils 213
Morphologic Features 213
Ecologie Patterns 215
Quantitative Correlation Methods 216
Time and Time-rock Units 222
Accuracy of Correlation 225
10. Paleoecology 231
Fundamental Ecologie Principles 232
The Marine Ecosystem 235
Life Habits 239
Direct Evidence through Preservation 239
Homology 243
Functional Morphology 243
Evidence of Biologic Activity 246
Limiting Factors 248
Temperature 248
Oxygen 248
Water Depth 255
Salinity 261
Substratum 267
Food 273
Spatial Distribution of Populations 274
Fossil Communities 278
Vlll Contents
Limiting Factors and Species Interactions 278
Organic Reef Communities 282
Soft-bottom Communities 287
Terrestrial Communities 293
Post-mortem Information Loss 296
11. Evolution and the Fossil Record 303
Extinction 304
Rates of Evolution and Extinction 307
Rate of Progressive Evolution 307
Taxonomic Frequency Rates 316
The Distribution of Evolutionary Rates in Phylogeny 324
Rates of Extinction above the Species Level 330
Mass Extinction 332
Diversity Controls 333
The Nature of Trends 333
Phyletic Trends 335
Phylogenetic Trends 348
Patterns of Evolution and Extinction 356
Adaptive Radiation 357
Evolutionary Convergence and Parallelism 363
Ecologie Replacement 365
Determining Phylogenetic Relationships 369
12. Biogeography 379
The Earth's Climate 380
Winds and Ocean Currents 380
Types of Climate 385
Biotic Distributions 387
Biomes and Provinces 387
Latitudinal Gradients in Taxonomic Diversity 391
Climates of the Past 393
Botanical Evidence 393
Sedimentary Evidence 398
Data From Marine Life 400
Determining Geographic Ranges of Extinct Taxa 404
Barriers to Dispersal 404
The Nature of Barriers 406
Island Biogeography 408
Evolution of Taxa Occupying Island-like Habitats 413
Plate Tectonics and Physiographic Change 416
The New Plate Tectonics Framework 417
Biologic and Paleobiologic Data 423
Mass Extinction 438
Bibliography 449
Author Index 469
Subject Index 473 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Raup, David M. 1933-2015 Stanley, Steven M. 1941- |
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| callnumber-subject | QE - Geology |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)886492231 (DE-599)BVBBV003295106 |
| dewey-full | 560 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 560 - Paleontology |
| dewey-raw | 560 |
| dewey-search | 560 |
| dewey-sort | 3560 |
| dewey-tens | 560 - Paleontology |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-20T07:50:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0716700220 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Raup, David M. 1933-2015 Verfasser (DE-588)172326109 aut Principles of paleontology David M. Raup ; Steven M. Stanley 2. ed. San Francisco Freeman 1978 X, 481 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 3. Aufl. u.d.T.: Foote, Michael: Principles of paleontology Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleontology Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd rswk-swf Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 s DE-604 Stanley, Steven M. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)120486539 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002077294&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044375-9 |
| title | Principles of paleontology |
| title_auth | Principles of paleontology |
| title_exact_search | Principles of paleontology |
| title_full | Principles of paleontology David M. Raup ; Steven M. Stanley |
| title_fullStr | Principles of paleontology David M. Raup ; Steven M. Stanley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of paleontology David M. Raup ; Steven M. Stanley |
| title_short | Principles of paleontology |
| title_sort | principles of paleontology |
| topic | Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleontology Paläontologie (DE-588)4044375-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Paléontologie Paläontologie Paleontology |
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