History of Yugoslavia:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
McGraw-Hill
1974
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 752 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a History of Yugoslavia |c Vladimir Dedijer, Ivan Božić, Sima Ćirković, Milorad Ekmečić |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b McGraw-Hill |c 1974 | |
| 300 | |a IX, 752 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten |c 24 cm | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117530133921793 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | INDEX
Acciarini, Tideo, 155 Acheson, Dean, 700 Acimovic, Milan, 585, 603 Adalberon (Herzog of Caranthania), 48 Adamic, Josip, 542
Administrative Council (Serbian), 267-268, 274-275
Adrianople, Treaty of (1829), 281
Aehrenthal, Alois Lexa, 422, 423
Afric, Vjeko, 677
Aga, Husein, 288
Agrarian Reform Law (Yugoslavia, 1945), 700-701 Agriculture:
Austrian, 231, 235 Bosnian, 366-367, 450 geographic conditions and, 5-6 in Macedonia, 435 medieval, 65-69
feudal state organization, 67-69 Ottoman, 175, 178, 327, 365 prehistoric, 6^7 under Roman conquest, 13 Serbian free peasantry and, 283, 361-362, 429 Slovenian agrarian reform, 329 Transylvanian agrarian reform, 253 Vojvodina proletariat, 451-452 Yugoslav, 521, 523-526, 693, 694, 700-701 Ahdams (Ottoman treaties), 173 Akkerman Convention (1826), 279 Albania (Albanians), 23, 86-87, 196, 345, 352 Communist party of, 640 income in (1931-1941), 525 independence of, 424-425 Italy and, 510
Kosovo rebellion and (1913), 436 Ottoman rule of, 184
Austro-Russian interest, 396 Congress of Berlin, 406 insurrection (1912), 424 Muslim population, 263, 284 national movements, 410 nationalistic propaganda, 324 Venetian propaganda, 210 radios in, 558 in World War I, 487-488 Yugoslavia and, 699, 704 Albanian League (Prizren), 406 Aleksandar Karadjordjevic (Crown Prince of Serbia), 475
Aleksandar Karadjordjevic (King of Serbia), 319, 323, 333
Aleksandar (King of Yugoslavia), 507, 520 anti-communism of, 508
Aleksandar (King of Yugoslavia) (Cont.): assassination attempt against, 534 assassination of, 545-546 dictatorship under, 540-545 elections, 542-543 the Punctation, 544-545 unitarianism, 542 power consolidated by, 538-539 Radic and, 537
and State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, 531 Aleksander Obrenovich (King of Serbia), 399-400, 410, 419, 431 Alexander the Great, 8 Alexander I (Tzar of Russia), 270, 273 Alexius I Comnenus (Byzantine Emperor), 50 Alexius III Angelus (Byzantine Emperor), 61 Alijagic, Alija, 535
All-Croatian Catholic Congress (1900), 391 Allied powers:
Adriatic landing by, 641
fall of Austria-Hungary and, 503
in North Africa, 631
peace conferences in 1919 and 1920 and, 505 resistance movements and, 690 spheres of influence of, 650, 658-659, 690-691 (See also specific countries; World War I; World War II)
Alpine Slavs, 29 Aluminum, 519 Anabaptism, 163
Anarcho-Syndicalists (Serbian), 430 Andjelkovic, Koca, 260 Andrejevic-Kun, Djordje, 677 Andrew II (King of Hungary), 61 Andric, Ivo, 560-561, 604 Andronicus III (Byzantine Emperor), 85 Anfuso, Filippe, 573 Angevins, 83, 89, 95 consolidation of Hungary under, 90-91 Angora, battle of (1402), 127 Annunciation Day Assembly (1861), 342 Anti-Fascist Council for National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AFCNLY), 654-656 Stalin and, 655 Antimony, 515 Antipope, 49
Apis, Colonel (Dragutin Dimitrijevic), 432,463, 471, 538, 562 execution of (1917), 491 Arabia, 28, 30, 34 Architecture: baroque, 241-242
723
724 INDEX
Architecture (Cont.):
Croatian, 564 Gothic, 107-108 Islamic-oriented, 182-183 Morava School, 124 Romanesque, 106-108 Secessionism, 461 Serbian, 564 Slovenian, 564 Yugoslav, 564 Ardideians, 9 Armatoles, 174, 175, 221 Armenians, 493 Arpâds, 48, 50-51, 68
Croatian conquest by, 56-57 fall of, 89 Rascia and, 59
Arsenije III Camojevic (patriarch of Pec), 211-212 Arsenije IV (patriarch of Pec), 217, 219, 222-223 Art, 124
baroque influences on, 241-242 Bosnian tombstones, 109-112 Byzantine, 108-109 modernism, 460-461 Renaissance, 168
Romanesque and Gothic, 106-107 in Yugoslavia, 565 Artisans, 70 Artukovic, Andrija, 582 Asker (Ottoman ruling class), 174, 193 Assassination and terrorism, 465-466 Austria (until 1867), 143 centralist and absolutist policies of, 201-202, 227-239
administration of Turkish conquests, 232-233 Croatian economic development, 235-236 Croatian Pragmatic Sanction, 229 estate resistance, 227-229 Military Frontier conflict, 233-235 reforms of Maria Theresa, 229-232 resistance in Croatia and Hungary, 202-207, 213-214, 236-239
Compromise of 1867 and formation of the Dual Monarchy, 334-336
Compromise of 1868 (Croatian), 334-336 Dalmatia and, 269, 276, 286 1861 Constitution and, 376-377 under Joseph II, 252-261
Croatian-Hungarian association, 254-255 Jacobin conspiracies, 255-257 nationalism, 257-259 reforms, 252-254 Serbian autonomy, 255 Turkish War, 259-261 Napoleonic Wars and, 269-273 resistance to Ottoman Empire of, 196, 224 Great War of the Holy League (1683-1699), 208-210
Peace of Belgrade (1739), 219-220 Serbian losses (1737), 217-218 Treaty of Passarowitz (1718), 217 Revolution of 1848-1849 and, 311-321 changes after, 329-333
Austria (until 1867), Revolution of 1848-1849 and
(Cont.):
Croatia, 316-317
Dalmatia, 319
Hungary, 312-318
Jelacic march on Hungary, 317-318
Serbia, 319-321
Slovenia, 311-312
Vojvodina, 313-316
Serbian uprising against Turks and, 260, 265-267, 274
Mettemich s policies, 277 Turco-Austrian War: 1593-1606, 193-194, 204 1663-1664, 206
Uskok War (1615-1617), 196-197 (See also Austro-Hungarian Empire)
Austria (after 1918): legal system of, 556
peace conferences of 1919 and 1920 and, 504-505 radios in, 558
Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) and, 506-507 Austro-Hungarian Empire:
Balkan railway construction and, 368 Balkan sphere of interest agreement with Russia (1903), 418-419
Balkan Wars (1912-1913) and, 424-427 Bosnia-Hercegovina, 365-366, 448-449 annexation (1908), 422-424, 446 Constitution (1910), 449 occupation (1878), 403-406 peasant emancipation (1911), 450-451 Russian agreement on spheres of interest (1877), 396-397
World War I occupation, 493-495 Croatia and, 443, 446-447 American emigration, 442-443 capitalist economic growth, 358-360 Dalmatian unification movements, 402 under Khuen-Hédervâry, 401-402, 410 political parties, 384-390 Radie brothers and peasant movement,
443-445
Serbian coalition (1905), 445-448 trialism, 447—448 1861 Constitution, 376-377 1875-1878 uprisings, 394-395 establishment under 1867 Compromise of,
334-336
last days of, 496-501, 503, 517 Magyarization of Hungary under, 400 position of non-Magyar peoples in Hungary, 443 role of the law in, 377-378 Serbia, 427
capitalist economic growth, 361-363 control of, after Congress of Berlin (1878),
399-400
Customs War, 419 World War I occupation of, 492 Slovenia, capitalist economic growth, 360-361 Triple Alliance, 417, 418
World War I and: assassination of Francis Ferdinand, 467-469
collapse of offensive (1914), 476-478
INDEX
725
Austro-Hungarian Empire, World War I and
(Coni.):
declaration of war with Serbia, 470-474 Serbian occupation, 492 surrender of Montenegro, 488-489 Autocephalous archbishopric, 45 abolition of, 222-223 Serbian, 61-62, 84, 98, 222-223 Autonomists (Dalmatian), 338-339, 387 Autonomy, feudal, 76-77 Avars, 20, 21
Byzantine clashes over Slavian control and, 27-29 Charlemagne and conquest of, 30 Slavian clashes with, 24-25
Babic, Ljubo, 564 Babonegs, 89-90 Bach, Alexander, 329 Badoglio, Pietro, 508, 509 Baghdad, 197
Bailey, S. W., 636, 637, 658 Bajamonti, Ante, 387 Bajazet I (Ottoman Sultan), 117-118, 121 Balearic, hadimir, 702 Bakunjina, Mihailo, 539 Balkan federation, 343, 424 Macedonia and, 409
Serbia as center of movement for, 351-354 Balkan Pact of 1934, 510 Balkan Pact of 1954, 708 Balsic family (Serbian), 114-115, 120, 125, 132 Ban, Matija, 319 Banat, 217, 232 division of, 507 1594 uprisings in, 194 1808 uprisings in, 267 Banja Luka, 190 1916 trial in, 495 Banovci (Slavonian coinage), 71 Bans, 57, 59 Hungarian, 147 Baptized Serbia, 59 Barbarian invasions (448-535), 14-17 Bari, 34
Barisic affair (Bosnia, 1832), 289 Barjaktar, Limo, 198 Baroque culture, 240-247 academies and theaters, 243 art influences of, 241-242 image of Slav past of, 244-246 Jesuit schooling, 240-241 literature of, 242-243 printing presses and newspapers, 244 Serbian church and, 246-247 Baruh, Bora, 677 Basaricek, Djura, 539 Basil (Byzantine Emperor), 33-34 Basil II (Byzantine Emperor), 45 Batthyany, Lajos, 312 Batusic, Slavko, 563 Bauxite, 515, 519 Bavaria (Bavarians), 21, 29, 48
Beatty, Chester, 520 Becic, Vladimir, 564 Beckovic, Matija, 682 Belgium:
peace conferences in 1919 and 1920 and, 505 in World War II, 574 Communist Party, 689 prisoners of war, 575 resistance, 688 Yugoslavia and, 519 Belgrade, 190, 210, 212, 361 Janissaries and, 263-265 population of, 522 siege of (1717-1718), 217 in World War I, 477-478, 480, 486, 501 in World War II, 570, 665, 667 bombing, 575 resettlement, 579
Belgrade, Peace of (1739), 219-220 Bellum Batonianum (a.d. 6-9), 9 Berats (Ottoman appointments), 173 Berlin, Congress of (1878), 393, 396 consequences of, 399-400 Berlin Treaty (1908), 422 Berovski, Dimitrije, 394 Bevk, France, 563 Bez, Nick, 699
Bible, Slovene translation of, 163-166
Bijelic, Jovan, 565
Black Hand, 463, 562
Blair Loan (1922), 517, 518
Blajvajz, Janez, 308, 403
Blastares, Matthias, 104
Bocskay, Istvan, 202
Bodi, Mihajlo, 570
Bodin (King of Dioclea), 50
Bogdanov, Vasa, 562
Bogisic, Valtazar, 407, 455
Bogosavljevic, Adam, 384
Bohemia, 118
Bohorcica (Slovene orthography), 166 Bohoric, Adam, 166 Bojic, Milutin, 488 Boka Kotorska, 269, 271, 277, 319 1918 naval mutiny at, 499 Bontoux, Paul Eugène, 368 Bor, Matej, 677, 680 Boril (Tsar of Bulgaria), 61 Boris (Bulgar King), 35 Boris (King of Bulgaria), 567 Boris-Michael (Bulgar leader), 39, 41 Boma (Croatian prince), 31 Borozan, Braco, 677 Borut (Caranthanian prince), 29 Bosiljgrad, 507 Boskovic, Fusan, 544 Bosnia, 59, 70-71, 102, 217, 283, 321 Austro-Hungary and, 410, 448-449
1877 agreement with Russia, 396-397
1878 occupation, 403-406 emancipation of peasants (1911), 450-451 1908 annexation, 422-424
1910 Constitution, 449
726 ,NDEX
Bosnia, Austro-Hungary and (Cont.):
revolutionary youth movements, 463-465 cultural distinctiveness of, 98, 109-112 Bosnian tombstones (steed), 109-112 economy of: capitalist, 365-366
Dalmatian restoration, 199, 288-289 industrialization, 526-528 under Lazarevic, 121-124 World War I destruction, 516 education in: illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 674 German occupation (1878), 577 under Hungary, 118-119 Illyrism in, 304 peasantry in, 523 population of (1918), 528 power consolidation and expansion, 91-94 railroads in, 516 rulers of, 96 Serbs in, 578
sugar consumption in, 525 Turkey and, 116 conquest, 131-134, 221, 263 curtailment of expansion, 193-194 1851 pacification, 325-327 1875-1878 uprisings, 393-395 Islamic conversion, 180-181 nationalist propaganda movements, 324 Turkization of the 1860 s, 345-346 in World War I, 485, 493-495 in World War II, 568, 572 AFCNLY, 654
resistance, 591-592, 595-596, 616, 618, 621 Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 Bosnian church, 63-64, 80-81, 132 Bosnian March (1910), 450 Bracanovic, Bracan, 542 Branicevo, 83
Brankovic, Djordje, 211, 212 Brcko-Banovici railway, 700 Breton, André, 557 Brezhnev, Leonid, 718, 721 Briand, Aristide, 518 Brsjak Revolt (1880), 407 Bucharest, Peace of (1812), 275, 279 Budak, Mile, 544, 582 Budapest, 144, 212 as railway center, 359 Bulatovic, Miodrag, 682 Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, 709 Bulgaria (Bulgare), 31-33, 86, 178, 284 battle of Velbuzd (1330), 85 Byzantium and: dash over Serbia, 39-41 independence (1185), 61 fall of first empire of, 43-44 Great Britain and, 510 income in (1931-1941), 525 Italy and, 510
Ottoman conquest of, 114, 116 peasant uprisings in (1848-1851), 325 political parties of, 600 radios in, 558 revolution in (1923), 508
Bulgaria (Bulgats) (Cont.): as Russian sphere of interest (1877), 396-397, 403 Serbia, 320, 399, 581 clash over Macedonia, 348-349,407-408, 425-427, 435-436 Customs War, 419 1912 Treaty, 424
in World War I, 485-486, 492-^93, 501 peace conferences (1919 and 1920), 505 in World War II, 567, 570 Fifth Offensive, 642 Germany, 574
Macedonian resistance, 600-601 resistance, 632, 663 Yugoslav annexation, 571 Yugoslavia and, 663, 701-702, 705 boundaries, 507 friendship treaty (1937), 511 World War II, 566 Buli, Moni de, 560
Bureaucracy and resistance movements, 622-625 Burian, Stefan, 448, 450 Butmir culture, 7 Buvina, Andrija, 108 Byzantine Empire, 14, 59 agricultural system of, 68-69 Avar-Slav attacks on, 20-21
collapse of Danube defenses, 21-23 Balkans and: growth of trade, 70-71 restoration under Heraclius, 27-29 restoration under Justinian, 17 Bulgarian Empire and, 31-33, 44-46 rivalry for Serbia, 39-41, 84-86 church conflicts of: break with Papacy (1054), 48 Croatia, 42, 48-50 conquest of (1204), 61 Croatia-Dalmatia and, 42, 46-50 Hungarian control, 51, 58, 59 cultural influences of, 97-99 Frankish War (800-812) of, 30 Rascia and, 59-60
Cabrinovic, Nedeljko, 467, 471
Cakavian (Serbo-Croatian dialect), 103«., 177
Candian War (1645-1669), 197-198, 206
Cankar, Ivan, 461-464, 498, 675
Cantacuzenus, John, 86
Capitalism:
Austrian, 231
in Austro-Hungarian Empire, 503 Croatia, 358-360 Montenegrin, 364-365 Serbian, 361-363 Slovenia, 360-361
economic and social changes in Hapsburg Croatia and, 147-151, 214-215 Ottoman lag in, 178 Capitulations,” 189 Captainships (Serbian), 280 Caranthania (Caranthanian Slavs), 29-30, 56 Frankish influence on, 31 Greater Caranthania, 48, 54
INDEX
727
Caranthania (Caranthanian Slavs) (Cont.):
Magyars and, 39 Caribrod (Dimitrovgrad), 507 Carinthia (Koruska), 163, 167, 205, 228, 504 Austrian reforms in, 230 ceded to French (1809), 271 estates bodies in, 287 Germanization of, 437-439, 506 plebiscite in (1920), 507 Yugoslavia and, 507
Camiola (Kranjska), 54-55,145,205,228,329,438, 504
Austrian reforms in, 230, 276-277 estates bodies in (1818), 287 ceded to French (1809), 271 mining in, 148 political parties of, 390 Reformation in, 163, 167 Caslav (prince of Bulgaria), 43-44 Castrioti, Djuradj, 130 Catherine II (Empress of Russia), 259-260 Catholic church (see Roman Catholic church) Catholic Congress of 1877, 356 Catholic Congress of 1889, 390 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 715 Cefalije (Serbian chiefs), 87 Celic, Stojan, 677 Celje, 70
Celje (Cilli) family (Slovene), 118, 128 Celts, 8
Cenic, Mita, 383
Central Power treaties (1919 and 1920), 504-505 Centralists (Macedonian), 409 Cer Mountain, Battle of (1914), 476 Cerina, Vladimir, 464, 562 Cesmicki, Ivan, 156-159 Cetinje, 223-226, 291 Chamberlain, Neville, 567 Charlemagne (Frankish King), 30 Charles (Archduke of Hungary), 146, 148, 163, 167 Charles of Hapsburg (Austro-Hungarian Emperor), 495
1921 putsch by, 507 Charles I (King of Hungary), 90 Charles V (King of Spain), 143 Charles VI (Emperor of Austria), 228-230 Chernyshevski, Nikolai, 461, 464 Chiang Kai-shek, 651 China, 705, 708-709, 712 revolution in, 693, 694 Chomatenos, Demetrios, 99 Christian Socialism, 390-391 Christianity:
Bavarians and spread of, 29 Bulgars and, 39
Cyril and Methodius and spread of, 35-37 in early Byzantium, 14 Franks and spread of, 30~31 under Ottoman rule, 174-175 Serbians and spread of, 33 (See also Greek Orthodox church; Roman Catholic church)
Chromium, 515
Church architecture: baroque, 241-242 Byzantine, 108-109 Gothic, 107-108 Romanesque, 106-108 Churchill, Randolph, 568, 659 Churchill, Winston, 643, 652 Greece and, 691 Stalin and, 659 Tito and, 659, 660, 662 at the Yalta Conference, 667 Yugoslavia and: landing in Yugoslavia, 663 monarchy, 658-660 Trieste crisis, 670 Ciano, Count, 546, 631 Cicvaric, Krsta, 430
Ciftliks (Ottoman farm estates), 175-176, 190, 221 ciftlik-sahibi, 262-263 Macedonian, 434-435 Serbian restoration of, 265 Ciganovic, Milan, 472, 474 Cilingirov, S., 349
Cilli (Celje) family (Slovene), 118, 128
Cincar-Markovic, Aleksandar, 571
Cincars, 238, 263
Cingo, Zivko, 681
Cipic, Vladimir, 535
Cipiko, Ivo, 456
Cities (see Towns and cities)
Citlucenje (Ottoman feudal holdings), 262 Civil liberties in Austro-Hungarian Empire, 377-378
Clement, 36, 99 Clericalism, 403
Serbo-Croatian, 354-356, 444, 445, 463 Slovene, 390-391, 440, 479, 498 Clothing, Serbian festival, 187-188 Coal, 515
Code of Laws of Stefan Dusan (1354), 89, 184 Colakovic, Rodoljub, 535 Collective tradition, 613 Colonus (tenant-laborer), 152 Cominform, 701, 704, 705 Commercial Collegium (Vienna), 215 Commercial societies, 148 Communal system, Venetian, 151-152 Communication (see Transportation and communication)
Concentration camps, 495 Constancse II (Byzantine Emperor), 28 Constantine (Emperor of Rome), 14 Constantine the Philosopher, 121, 124 Constantine Porphyrogenitus (Byzantine Emperor), 25
Constantinople, 14, 19, 24 Turkish conquest of (1453), 130 Constantinople Empire, 61, 98 Constituent Assembly (Yugoslavia, 1945), 698 Constitution of 1861 (Austria), 376-377 Constitution of 1869 (Serbian), 379 Constitution of 1877 (Ottoman), 395 Constitution of 1888 (Serbian), 379 Constitution of 1910 (Bosnia-Hercegovina), 449
728 index
Convention of July 26,1933 (France and Yugoslavia), 518
Copie, Branko, 678, 679 Copper, 515
Corfu Declaration (1917), 497-498 Corvée, 67-69, 149-150^230 Cosic, Branimir, 560 Cosic, Dobrica, 680 Council of the men-at-arms, 56 Counter-reformation, 155, 167-168 German opposition to, 201-202 in Hungary, 202
Court Chamber Council (Austrian), 219, 238 Court functionaries, medieval, 72, 74^75 Courts (see Judicial systems)
Crafts, 71, 72, 121 Ottoman, 179-180 Crete, 197
Crijevic, Ilija, 156-159 Crijevic, Ludovik Tuberon, 162 Crimean War (1854-1856), 326, 345 Crnjanski, Milos, 560 Crnobori, Tone, 675 Crnojevic, Ivan, 132-134 Crnojevic family (Montenegro), 132 Croatia (Croats), 25, 26, 31, 41-42, 68, 504 architecture of, 564 Arpad conquest of, 56-57 Austria-Hapsburg control of: constitutional changes and 1868 Compromise, 334-337 Croatian Pragmatic Sanction, 229 Dalmatia, 338-339, 402 economic and social changes, 147-151, 214-215, 235-236, 252-254 1848 Revolution, 315-317 estate system, 227-229, 233, 253-254 Hungarian Association (1790), 254-255, 284-286, 300-306, 316 Illyrian Kingdom, as part of, 277 Illyrism and national awakening, 300-306 nobility, 254
peasant movements, 149-151, 253 resistance to centralism, 202-207, 236, 253-254 Slavonia, 330-331 society and towns, 284-286 Treaty of Schonbrunn (1809), 271 Austro-Hungarian control of, 442 absolutism, 446-447 American emigration, 442-443 1875-1878 uprising, 394-395 Green Army, 499-500 under Khuen-Hédervàry, 40W02, 410 modernism, 457
non-Magyar peoples in Hungary, 443 political parties, 384-390 Radie brothers and Croatian peasant movement, 443-445
Serbian coalition (1905), 445-448 structure of society, 358-360 trialism, 447-448 bourgeois groups in, 529-530 Byzantium and, 34, 50 church conflicts in, 42, 45-50
Croatia (Croats) (Cottt.): control of Dalmatia by, 46-47 cultural influences on, 557 Cvetkovic-Macek Agreement and, 548-549 education in: compulsory education, 552 illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 673, 674 Franks and, 30-31
Germany and: cultural influence, 557 World War II, 573, 574, 579 Glagolitic language and, 35 Golden Bull (1222), 75 Greater Caranthania and, 48 fall to Hungary of, 50-51, 89-91, 98, 118 industrialization in, 526-528 Istria and, 653 Italy and, 505, 506, 573 marriage in, 556
nationalistic movements in, 502, 583 painting and sculpture in, 564-565 peasantry in, 523, 530 political parties of, 384-390, 401, 443-445 Christian Socialists, 598 Clericals, 598
Communists, 562, 569, 587, 598 Frankists, 530, 542, 577-578, 584 Republican Peasants, 533,535,537,562,573, 584
Social Democrats, 530, 598 Reformation in, 166 religion in, 598, 664-665 rulers of, 51, 62, 126 Serbia and: extermination of Serbs, 597 Italian conflict plan, 509 World War II, 578, 579, 582 Serbian nationalistic movements and, 351-354 clericalism among, 354-356 trade unions in, 549 Turkish conquests of, 134-135, 144 curtailment of Turkish expansion, 193-194 defense system against, 144-147 migrations, 177
in World War II, 568, 570, 572-573 Anti-Fascist Council, 654 Communists, 569 deportations, 580 Italy, 573
resettlement in Croatia, 580 resistance, 596-597, 615 Serbia, 579 Serbs, 578, 582 Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 (See also Independent State of Croatia) Croatian Assembly, 204-205, 208 Croatian Diet, 213-214, 229, 236, 254 Croatian language, 156 Croatian Littoral, 505 resistance movement in, 596 Croatian Military Frontier, 146-147, 204-205, 286, 401
Croatian peasant parties, 443-445 Crusades, 58, 60, 98
Fourth Crusade (1204), 61
INDEX
729
Cubrilovic, Branko, 549
Culture (see Baroque culture; Medieval culture;
Modernism; Renaissance culture; Resistance culture)
Cuman, 50
Customs collectors, 71-72 Customs War (1904-1910), 419 Cuvaj, Slavko, 447, 465 Cvetkovic, Dragisa, 548, 549, 585 Cvetkovic-Macek Agreement (1939), 528, 548-549 Cvijic, Jovan, 455, 461-462, 465, 564, 608 Cyprus War (1570-1573), 144, 193 Cyril (Saint), 35-37 Cyrillic alphabet, 35, 102, 297 Czechoslovakia, 699, 705, 715 Germany and, 511 Little Entente and, 507, 508 Munich and (1938), 511 nationalism of, 502 in World War II, 574
Dahiyas (Ottoman provincial rulers), 265-266 Dakovic, Marko, 532 Dalmata, Paulus, 99-100 Dalmatia, 9, 13, 17, 30, 48, 118, 442, 504, 505 as Byzantine theme, 33-34, 42, 50 church in, 42, 49 Croatian control of, 46-47, 56 Croatian unification movements, 338-339,
402
early Christian art in, 37 education in: illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 673 1848 Revolution and, 319, 329 1861 land system for, 334 1875-1878 uprisings and, 394-395 Germany and, 579 Hungarian control of, 98, 316-317 Illyrism in, 303-304 insurrection in (1797), 256 loss of, to Hungary, 51, 58 patriciate in towns of, 77-79 political parties of, 384-390, 587 Populist-Autonomist conflict in, 338-339 Second Austrian Occupation (1814), 276, 286 Serbia and, 59
slow economic growth of, 363-364
State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs and, 530
Subics of, 89
sugar consumption in, 525 Turkish invasions of, 144 Venetian control of, 125-126, 151-152, 212-213 ceded to Austria (1797), 269 restoration of economy of, 199-200 in World War II, 570, 572, 573, 579 resistance, 596, 597 Dalmatin, Ivan, 163-166 Dalmatin, Jurij, 166 Dandolo, Vincenzo, 269 Danilo (Prince of Montenegro), 291, 327-328 Danilo, Vladika, 225 Danilo culture, 7
Danilo vie, Ugljesa, 637 Danon, Oskar, 677 Dardania, 9 Davico, Oskar, 560, 680 Davidovic, Ljuba, 435, 541, 547 Deakin, William, 643, 645, 646 Debeljak, Josip, 542
Decree on Priorities (Serbian, 1914), 432 Dedijer, Vladimir, 638 Dedinac, Milan, 560
Defterdars (Ottoman finance ministers), 173 de Gaulle, Charles, 584 Delcev, Goce, 409
Demands of the People (Serbian), 316 Demands of the Serbian People (manifesto), 314 Demetrois (Saint), 24 Denmark, 558
in World War II: occupation conditions, 687 resistance, 688 Dentoni, Marijan, 564 Deportations, 579 Despotovic, Mileta, 394 Destovnik-Kajuh, Karel, 680 Detoni, Marijan, 677 Diak s Revolt (Serbia, 1825), 281 Dimitrijevic, Dragutin (Colonel Apis), 432,463, 471, 538, 562 execution of (1917), 491 Dimitrijevic, Vojo, 677 Dimitrov, Georgi, 550, 701 Dimitrovgrad (Caribrod), 507 Dinaric warrior, 613 Dinars (Serbian coinage), 71 Dioclea, 26, 46, 49-50, 53 Rascia and, 59, 60 rulers of, 52 Serbia and, 59 Divac, Nedeljko, 430 Divan (Ottoman), 173 Diversis, Filip de, 155 Dixon, Pierson, 660 Djakovic, Djura, 541 Djakovic, Vladika Isija, 212 Djilas, Milovan, 550, 644, 702, 708, 711, 713 Djuradj Brankovic (Serbian Despot), 119-120, 124-125, 132
Turkish conquest and, 129-131 Djuric, Milos, 604 Djurisic, Pavle, 642, 643 Doboj concentration camp, 495 Dobrovic, Antun, 565 Dobrovic, Petar, 565
Dogmatism in resistance movements, 620
Dojcic, Stjepan, 465
Dolgorukov, Jurij, 226
Domagoj (Croatian prince), 34
Domanovic, Radoje, 457, 679
Dominicans, 81, 107
Dominus, Marco Antoniode, 166
Doncevic, Ivan, 563
Donovan, William J., 568, 652
Dozic, Gavrilo, 548
Dozsa Uprising (1514), 150
730 INDEX
Dragutin (King of Serbia), 83-84 Drama:
Renaissance, 160-161 (See also Theater)
Drang nach Osten, 417-418, 423, 445 Drang nach Siiden, 417-418 Draskovic, Janko, 300-301 Draskovic, Milorad, 420, 534, 535 Drljevic, Sekula, 584, 651 Drzic, Dzore, 160 Dubica War (1789), 261 Dubrovnik (Ragusa), 49, 70, 121, 155-156 commerce of, 179, 180, 220, 271 1848 uprisings and, 319 Jews of, 178 march on (1806), 269 political movements in, 385 Renaissance art of, 168 Venetian control of, 199, 210, 213 Dudic, Dragojlo, 611 Duzic, Gavrilo, 582 Dzabic s Movement (1899-1909), 405
Early cultures, 6-8
Eastern church (see Greek Orthodox church) Eastern Question, 342-343, 345 Eastern Rumelia, 396 Economic organizations:
Austrian, 230-231 Croatian development, 235-236 Ottoman, 178-180
internal difficulties, 220-221 land tenure and resource utilization, 174-175 (See also Capitalism; Industrialization)
Eden, Anthony, 652, 659 Education, 155-156, 166, 370, 454 in Bosnia: illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 674 in Croatia: compulsory education, 552 illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 673, 674 in Dalmatia: illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 673 under French rule, 272 in Hercegovina, 552 in Istria, 675-676 Jesuits and, 167, 240-241 in Macedonia, 553 illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 676-678 by Resistance units, 671-678 in Istria, 675-676 in liberated areas, 672-674 in Macedonia, 676-678 in Serbia, 296 compulsory education, 552 illiteracy, 552 in Slavonia, 673 in Slovenia, 438 compulsory education, 552 illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 674
Education (Cont.):
in Vojvodina: compulsory education, 552 illiteracy, 552
in Yugoslavia: compulsory education, 552 illiteracy, 551-552 national minorities, 552-553 universities, 553 Ehrenburg, Uya, 610 Elections and electoral bodies: in Austria-Hungary, 376-377 in Serbia, 378-379, 430-431 Emperor s Patent (1816), 277 Engels, Friedrich, 612 Epirus, 61, 83
Epistle to the Serbs (1860), 355 Erdodi, Nikola, 208 Erdodi family (Croatian), 206-208 Estates rights of medieval nobility, 75-76 Estates system, Hungarian, 227-230, 232-233 centralist reforms and, 253-254 Ethnical boundaries, South Slav, 54-56 Ottoman changes in, 177-178 Eugene (Prince of Savoy), 213, 579 Eugenia, 579
Exploitation, feudal, 67-69 Eyalets (Ottoman sub-division), 173
Fabijancic, France, 439 Fascism and nationalism, 578 February Patent (1861), 334 Federal People s Republic of Yugoslavia, 698 Ferdinand I (King of Hungary), 143 Croatian defenses and, 144-145 Ferdinand II (Emperor of Hungary), 167, 202-204 Festivals, Serbian, 187-188 Feudal state agricultural organization, 67-69 Fiefdoms, 69
Fifth Offensive, 632, 634, 641-646 Filipovic, Filip, 534, 535 Films, 558
Resistance movement and, 682-683 Finzgar, Franc, 563 Firmans (Ottoman decrees), 173 First Balkan War (1912-1913), 424-125, 435-436 First Proletarian Brigade, 616, 646-647, 653 Fishing, 6, 66 Foca Decrees, 616
Folk culture, Serbian Church and, 187-188 Folk songs, 104, 676 Forced labor, 579 Fotic, Konstantin, 651 Fourth Offensive, 632, 634, 637 France, 135, 206-208 collapse of Austria-Hungary and, 500 Crimean War and, 326, 334 Czechoslovakia and (Munich, 1938), 511 1689 war with Hapsburgs, 210 Europe dominated by, 507-508 London Treaty and (1915), 482 Ottoman Empire and, 189-190, 259, 325 political parties of: Communist Party, 689 Socialist Party, 508
INDEX
731
France (Coni.):
Russia, Napoleonic Wars and, 269-273, 276 Serbia and, 320, 557
investment in and weakening of Austrian influence, 419-422 Soviet Union and, 508 Triple Entente, 417
in World War II: Communist Party, 689 prisoners of war, 575 resistance movements, 688 Yugoslavia and, 504 cultural influence, 557 debts, 517, 518 foreign investment, 519, 520 foreign policy, 511
French domination of Europe, 507-508 friendship treaties, 510, 518 Francis Ferdinand (Archduke of Austria), 419,422, 427, 530, 564, 578 assassination of, 467-469 trialism and, 447-448
Francis Joseph (Emperor of Austria), 315,331, 418, 427, 450, 465
Franciscans, 81, 92, 107, 132 in Bosnia, 404, 406 Ottoman conquests and, 184-185 Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871), 354 Frank, Josip, 390, 447, 493 Frankapan, Franja Krsta, 207, 243 Frankapan family (Hungarian), 89, 204, 206 Zrinski-Frankapan conspiracy, 207-208 Frankfurt Parliament (1848-1849), 311 Frankists (Croatian), 463, 479, 493-494 Franks, 24, 55
Charlemagne and rise of, 29-30 Croats and, 30-31, 34 “Free towns,“ 78 Freemen, 67, 74 Frescoes, 109-112, 185 Friedjung, Heinrich, 446 Frisatics (silver coins), 70 Friuli, Margrave of, 31 Frol, Ivo, 673
Frontiersmen, 204-205, 233-234
Gacinovic, Vladimir, 464, 562
Gaj, Ljudevit, 301, 303, 305, 316, 318, 372
Galicin, 476
Garasanin, Ilija, 305, 323, 344, 351, 382, 423 Gavrilovic, Dragutin, 486 Gencius (Illyrian king), 9 Gendarmerie (Austrian), 329-330 Genealogies, 124
General Property Code (Montenegro, 1878), 407
General Workers Society (1881), 383 Generalic, Ivan, 565 Genoa, 86, 114 Genocide:
by Germany, 577-579 of Gypsies, 581-582 of Jews, 578, 581-582
Genocide (Conf.): of Muslims, 579 by Pavelic, 581-582 of Jews, 578 of Serbs, 577-579 Geography of Yugoslavia, 4-6 under the Romans, 9-10 Gepidae, 20
German language, 253, 330 German Union (Confederation), 311 Germans, 48 in Croatia, 285, 358-359 influence on Slavs of, 55-56, 98 invasions of, 31, 39
as Slovenian nobility, 257, 288, 307-308, 360 Germany, 94, 188
Anglo-German antagonism in Balkans, 417-418 Bosnia and, 448
Austrian annexation and (1908), 422-424 occupation (1878), 577 Bulgaria and, 574 commercial societies of, 148 Croatia and: cultural influences, 557 World War II, 573, 574, 579 Czechoslovakia and (Munich, 1938), 511 Dalmatia and, 579
Germanization in Styria and Carinthia, 437-439 Greece and, 570 Hercegovina and (1882), 577 Austrian annexation, 422-424 Italy and, 567-574
peace conferences of 1919 and 1920 and, 504-505 population of, 525 Serbian investment of, 421 Slovenia and, 403 cultural influences, 557 Germanization, 597-598 World War II, 577
Soviet Union and, 567, 568, 574, 575 unification of (1871), 345 working class in, 686 in World War I, 484, 501 in World War II: Belgrade bombing, 575 Bulgaria, 574 Croatia, 573, 574 Croatian uprisings, 599 Drvar, 660
economic plunder, 576 genocide, 577-579 Greece, 570 Italy, 567, 574 looting, 580-581 Montenegrin uprisings, 595 occupation conditions, 687 prisoners of war, 575, 670 resettlement, 579-580
resistance movements, 630-636,641-646, 650, 656
Roman Catholic church, 688 Second Offensive, 616-618 Serbian uprisings, 601, 603-607 Soviet Union, 567 Third Offensive, 618
732 index
Germany, in World War II (Coni.): war crimes, 575 working class, 686-687 Yugoslav annexation, 571, 651 Yugoslav bourgeoisie, 603-604 Yugoslav diplomats, 576 Yugoslavia and: cultural influence, 557 economics, 512 foreign investment, 519 foreign policy, 511 internal political antagonisms, 586 World War II, 566-567, 569-570 Getaldic, Marin, 161 Gieslingen, Wladimir Giesl von, 469 Glagolitic, 35, 102 Golden Bull of 1222 (Croatia), 75 Golubic, Mustafa, 569, 585 Gorazd (Caranthian prince), 29 Goring, Hermann, 635
assassination of King Aleksandar and, 546 Gorki, Maxim, 557 Gorkic, Milan, 550 Gothic art, 106-108 Goths, 14-17 Gotovac, Jakov, 565 Government (see specific countries)
Grabez, Trifko, 467, 471 Gradec, 78 Gradnik, Alojz, 563 Grahovac, Dukica, 594 Grand vizier (Ottoman), 173, 221 Grandja, Ivan, 539 Grdan, Voivode, 196 Great Britain, 326
Anglo-German antagonism in Balkans, 417 Bulgaria and, 510
Czechoslovakia and (Munich, 1938), 511 London Treaty (1915), 482 Mihailovic s collaboration and, 636, 637 political parties of: Conservative party, 511, 650 Labour party, 508 radios in, 558
South Slav policies of (1908), change in, 423 sugar consumption in, 525 trade unions of, 508 in World War II: Balkans, 567 meeting with Partisans, 643, 644 prisoners of war, 575 resistance movements, 690 Serbian resistance, 605 Yugoslav invasion, 651, 662, 663 Yugoslavia and: cultural influences, 558 diplomatic recognition, 667 foreign investment, 519 formation of government, 660, 662 monarchy, 658-660 spheres of influence, 658, 663-665 territorial integrity, 652 war debts, 517 Greater Caranthania, 48, 54 Greece, 435 Balkan Pact and, 510 Germany and, 570
Greece (Cont.):
Hungary and, 570 Italy and, 567, 570
Macedonia and emergent nationalism of, 290,348 Montenegrin alliance (1867), 351 Serbian alliance (1867), 352 working class in, 686 in World War II, 574 Churchill, 691 Germany, 570 Italy, 567, 570 resistance movements, 691 Stalin, 691
Yugoslavia and, 705, 708 Greek colonies, 8 Roman conquest of, 9, 13-14 Greek literature, 99-102 Greek Orthodox church, 62, 332 Austria and, 330 of Bosnia, 404
Bulgaria-Macedonian national movements and, 349
Bulgarian influence (870 a,d.) of, 39 Croatian conflicts of, 42 Cyril and Methodius and spread of, 35-37 deportation of priests of (1941), 580 frescoes of, 109-112 medieval social integration and, 80-81 Ohrid autocephalous bishopric, 45 Ottoman conquests and patriarchal culture, 184-188
resistance to, 198-199
Pec patriarchate and Ohrid archbishopric, aboli-tion of, 222-223
sacred and secular literature and, 104-106 Serbo-Croatian clericalism, 354-356 1375 reconciliation with Serbian church of, 115 (See also Serbian church)
Green Army (Croatian), 499-500 Gregoras, Nicephorus, 87 Gregory VII (Pope), 49 Grol, Milan, 541, 569 Grosus (Serbian coinage), 71 Grujovic, Boza, 268 Grujuc, Slavko, 473-474 Gubec, Matija, 558, 598
Gubemium (Austrian provincial government), 230, 253-254
Gucevo, battle of (1914), 477 Guerilla warfare, 276
1875-1878 peasant uprisings and, 393, 398-399 Guerrilla Activities and Guerrilla Warfare (I va no vie), 323
individual terrorism and, 465-466 Macedonian, 435
(See also Resistance movements in World War If) Guilds, 149, 253 forerunners of, 81 Macedonian, 290 Gundulic, Dzivo, 245 Gypsies, 178
in World War II: deportations, 580 massacre of, 581-582
INDEX
733
Hace, Josip, 565 Hagiographic literature, 105 Haiduks, 192, 193, 196, 211 Hajducija (Haiduk resistance), 192-193 Halstein Doctrine, 711 Hapsburgs, 118, 135, 151 church and, 222
Ferdinand 1 and rise of Austrian, 142-143 Hungarian throne and, 128, 144 nobility and, 149
opposition to Protestantism of, 163-164, 167 Ottoman Empire and, 189-190, 196 Slovene rise of, 94-95 Haramis (Ottoman defectors), 221 Hasan Predojevic (pasha of Bosnia), 193-194 Hatti-sherif (Serbian council), 281-282, 288-289 Hebrang, Andrija, 625 Hegedusic, Krsto, 564 Hellas (Byzantine theme), 29 Henry of Flanders (Emperor of Constantinople), 61 Heraclius (Byzantine Emperor), 25, 41 Heraldeia, 8
Hercegovina, 132-134, 321, 365-366, 504 education in, 552 1852-1861 uprisings in, 327 1875-1878 uprisings in, 393
1877 Austro-Russian agreement about, 396-397
1878 Austrian occupation of, 403-406 emancipation of serfs in (1911), 450-451 founding of, 131-132
Germany and (1882), 577 industrialization in, 526-528 1908 Austrian annexation of, 422-424 1910 Constitution for, 449 Ottoman autonomy of, 184 peasantry in, 523 political parties in, 592 population of (1918), 528 railroads in, 516
resistance to Ottoman Empire in, 194, 196, 198, 225
Rights party in, 390 semicolonial position of, 448-449 Serbs in, 578, 591 sugar consumption in, 525 Venetian propaganda in, 210, 212 in World War I, 485 occupation, 493-495 in World War II, 568, 572 AFCNLY, 654
resistance movements, 591-592,594-596,615, 618, 620
Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 Herder, J. G., 295 Herman II of Cilli, 118 Hirsch, Maurice de, 368-369 Historiography, 370-371 Hitler, Adolf:
assassination of King Aleksandar and, 546 British Conservatives and, 511 on extermination, 577 Macek and, 569
Mussolini and: spheres of interest, 567, 573
Hitler, Adolf, Mussolini and (Coni.):
Tito and, 632
in World War II: Pavle, 567-568 resistance movements, 630-633 Holland:
political parties of, 689 in World War II: Communist Party, 689 prisoners of war, 575 resistance movement, 688 Yugoslavia and, 519 Holy Alliance, 277, 505 Holy League (1684), 208-210 Holy Roman Empire, 48, 227 boundaries of, 54, 56 Horstenau, Edmund Glaise von, 573 Horvat, A., 493
Hotimir (Caranthian prince), 29 Hotzendorf, Franz Conrad von, 422, 427, 469-470, 480, 493, 577 Howard, Harry, 546 Hristic, Stevan, 565 Hrvatinici family (Bosnia), 118-119 Huba (homestead), 67-68 Hubmajer, Miroslav, 394 Hudson, Duane Tyrrell, 605 Humanistic movements, 154-156 Hungarian Diet, 213-214, 229, 233, 255 1825 convocation of, 284-285 1849 session of, 312 Hungarian Regency Council, 236 Hungary, 50-51
Austrian Hapsburg control of, 128 Counter-Reformation, 202 Croatian Association, 254-255, 284-286, 300-306, 316, 334-336, 400 1867 Compromise and formation of Dual Monarchy, 334-336
estate system, 227-229, 232-233, 253-254 Jacobin conspiracy, 255-257 national movements, separatism, and Slav nationalism, 254, 277 resistance to centralism, 202-207 Revolution of 1848-1849 and, 312-318 Serb migrations, 212-214 Bosnia and, 59, 63-64 Byzantium wars with, 59 Croatia and, 56-57 Dalmatia and, 58
expansion and power consolidation of,
89-91
Greece and, 570 legal system of, 556 1921 putsch in, 507
peace conferences of 1919 and 1920 and, 505 radios in, 558 revolution in, 508 rulers of, 62, 126, 152-153 Serbian expansion and, 83, 84 Serbs and Serbia under, 236-239, 255 cultural changes, 257-259 1848 nationalist movement, 313-316 under Sigismund I, 118-119, 124 Slovenia and, 581
734 index
Hungary (Coni.):
Turkish invasion of, 114,116, 128-131, 134-135, 143-144
Venice and, 125
Western church associations with, 98
in World War II: Croatian uprising, 600 Greece, 570 Tripartite Pact, 567 Yugoslav annexation, 571
Yugoslavia and, 701, 705 foreign investment, 519 World War II, 566
(See also Austro-Hungarian Empire)
Huns, 17
Hunyadi, John, 128, 131 Hussite wars, 118 Hvar-Lisicici culture, 7
Ibler, Drago, 564
Ibrahim I (Ottoman Sultan), 197
Icko, Petar, 270
Icons, 109-112, 185-186
Ilic, Danilo, 465
Ilic, Veljko, 677
Ilinden Uprising (Macedonia, 1903), 410 Illiteracy, 551-552
Illyrian Court Commission, 239, 255 Illyrian Kingdom (1816), 277 Illyrian League, 302 Illyrian Provinces, 271 Illyrians, 7-8
Roman conquest of (168 b.c.), 9 Illyricus, Matthias Flacius, 166 Illyrism, 300-306, 384, 462
(See also Nationalism and national renaissance movements)
Illyro-Dalmatian, 339 Immunity, feudal, 76-77 Imperial Patent (1853), 329 Independent National party (Croatia), 335, 401 Independent State of Croatia, 572-574, 578, 579 coup d état attempted in, 663, 664 resistance movement in, 630-631 Slavic influence banned in, 581 Slovenes resettled in, 580 Industrialization, 454 in Bosnia, 451, 526-528 in Croatia, 442, 526-528 in Hercegovina, 552 in Macedonia, 526-528 in Serbia, 361-363, 428-429 French and, 419-422 in Slovenia, 286-288, 438 in Vojvodina, 451-452 in Yugoslavia, 514, 521-522, 526-528 Innocent III (Pope), 64 Innocent IV (Pope), 102 Intellectuals in public life, 461-462 Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), 409-410, 435 International Brigades, 623 Internationalism, 478 Investiture, 56
Iron Age settlements, 8 Irrigation, 66 Isa kovie, Anton ije, 681 Iskruljev, Krsta, 452 Islam, 135-137, 154
Bosnian, 324, 326-327, 403-406, 449 genocide of Muslims, 579 massacre of Muslims: by Chetniks, 641 by insurgents, 592, 596 Ottoman, 223
Balkan conquests, 180-181 culture, 181-183 women in, 555 Yugoslav, 547 Issa, 8
Istanbul, 367
Istria, 30, 48, 49, 77, 256, 442, 505 ceded to Austria (1797), 269 Croatia and, 653 economic growth of, 364 education in, 675-676 during 1860 s, 339-341 1861 provincial setup of, 334 Italy and, 334-341, 653 peasantry in, 523 post-war division of, 670 Rights party in, 390, 402 Italy, 5
Albania and, 396 Balkan influence of, 504 Bulgaria and, 510 Croats ruled by, 505, 506, 573 Dalmatia as part of kingdom of, 269 Dalmatian Autonomists orientation toward, 338-339
1871 unification of, 340, 345 ethnical boundary with, 56 foreign policy of, 508-509 Germany and, 567-574 Greece and, 567, 570 Istria and, 3214-341, 653 London Treaty (1915) and, 482, 505 Macedonia and, 653 Montenegro and, 532, 653 Serbian annexation by, 572 Slovene Littoral and, 653 Slovenes ruled by, 505, 506 Slovenia and, 653 conflict fomented, 509 World War II, 571, 581 trade with, 13 in Trieste, 439 Triple Alliance, 417, 422 Turkish war (1908), 423-424 in World War I, 485
in World War II: Croatian uprisings, 595 Germany, 567-574 Greece, 567, 570 Montenegrin uprisings, 595 prisoners of war, 575, 670 resistance movements, 631-633, 635 Serbian annexation, 572 Slovenia, 571, 581 surrender, 653
INDEX
735
Italy, in World War II (Cont.):
Third Offensive, 618 working class, 691 Zagreb-Ljubljana railway line, 639 Yugoslavia and, 530, 701 Albania, 510
assassination of King Aleksandar, 546 boundaries, 505-506 foreign investment, 519 foreign policy, 508-509 treaties, 511, 532 World War II, 566, 567, 569 Ivanic, Matija, 152 Ivanovic, Ljubomir, 323 Ivanovic, Stevo, 535 Izvolsky, Aleksandr Petrovich, 423
Jacobin Conspiracy (Austrian), 255-257 Jagic, Vatroslav, 455 Jakac, Bozidar, 677 Jaksic, Djura, 374 Jan Sobieski (King of Poland), 208 Janevski, Slavko, 681 Janie s Revolt (1808-1809), 267 Janissaries, 128, 144, 173-174, 210 decline of, 190, 221 Serbian eviction of, 263-265 Janjic, Vlado Capo, 597 Jankovic, Radivoj, 571 Jankovic, Stojan, 197 Janovic, Dragoljub, 545 Jeglic, Antun B., 440, 441 Jelacic, Josip, 316-317, 358 march on Hungary of, 317-318 Jelena (Queen of Italy), 532, 571 Jesenice, 360-361 Jesuits, 167, 240-241, 287 Jevtic, Bogoljub, 511, 546 Jews, 178, 203 expulsion of, 148 genocide of, 581-582 by Pavelic, 578 Salonika trade and, 220 in World War II: deportation of, 580 extermination of, 578, 581-582 as prisoners of war, 575 Job, Ignjat, 565
John I Tzimisces (Byzantine Emperor), 44
John V (Byzantine Emperor), 87
John V Palaeologus (Byzantine Emperor), 114
John X (Pope), 42
Jones, William, 643
Joseph II (Emperor of Austria), 252-254, 259
Journalism, 559
Jovan (patriarch of Pec), 196
Jovanovic, Ljuba, 531
Jovanovic, Ljubisa, 677
Jovanovic, Platon, 582
Jovanovic, Slobodan, 569, 585, 651, 699
Jovanovic, Vasilije, 620
Jovanovic, Vladimir, 344
Jovanovic-Marambo, Vojislav, 546
Jovanovic-Pizon, Jovan, 547
Judicial systems: medieval, 75-79 Ottoman, 172-173, 183-184 Vlach Statutes (1630) and, 204 Jugovic, Ivan, 274-275 Jukic, Ivan Frano, 304 Jukic, Luka, 447, 465 July Victims (1845, Zagreb), 303 Jurcic, Josip, 353-354, 403 Juric-Zagorka, Marija, 558 Justinian (Byzantine Emperor), 17 Justinian II (Byzantine Emperor), 28
Kajkavian (Serbo-Croatian dialect), 103n., 177, 300
Kalabic, Nikola, 699 Kalafatovic, Danilo, 570 Kalaj, Benjamin, 448 Kaleb, Vjekoslav, 681 Kallay, Benjamin, 404-405, 410 Kapetanovic, Mehmed Bey, 405 Kapudanlics (Ottoman captainships), 173 Kara Mustafa (Ottoman grand vizier), 208 Karadjordje (see Petrovic, Karadjordje) Karadzic, Vuk, 281, 295-300, 388, 613 Karamatijevic, Pivo, 677 Karanovic, Bosko, 677
Kardelj, Edvard, 550, 624, 625, 700-702, 711, 712 Karev, Nikola, 410 Karlovac, 204-205, 208, 285 Karlowitz, Treaty of (1699), 213, 216 Kastelan, Jure, 681 Katepanos, 47 Katun (Vlach clans), 79 Ottomans and, 183-184 Kavacevic, Nikola, 535 Kazaskers (Ottoman justices), 173 Kecmanovic, Dusan, 544 Khadilics (Ottoman judicial districts), 173, 279 Khasses (Ottoman resources), 174 Khruschchev, Nikita, 709, 710 Khuen-Hedervary (Ban of Croatia), 401-402,
410
Kidric, Boris, 675
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes: formation of, 504, 505 Montenegro and, 504, 532-533 Kitancev, Trajko, 409 Klaic, Miho, 386, 395 Klopcic, Mile, 563 Klun, Karel, 403 Knezes (Ottoman chief), 264 beheading of, 265-266 Knezevinas (principalities), 41, 274, 280 Knights, 75 Koca s War (1787), 260 Kocbek, Edvard, 680 Kokolja, Tripo, 242 Kolisevski, Lazar, 600 Koloman (King of Hungary), 51 Kolubara, battle of (1914), 477-478 Kolumbo, Josip, 542 Konavljani, 26, 34, 41
736 INDEX
Koncar, Rade, 550 Konjovic, Milan, 565 Konjovic, Petar, 565 Konzui, Stjepan, 163-166 Kopitar, Jemej, 297, 308, 372 Koprili, Mehmed, 206 Kordun, 525 Korkyra, 8 Kornneyev, N., 659
Korosec, Anton, 494, 498, 520, 531, 532, 540,545, 546, 548
Ko runo vie, Momir, 564 Koruska (see Carinthia)
Kos, Janko, 438-439
Kosaca-Hranic family (Bosnia), 119, 131 Ko sano vie, Sava, 404, 543, 569 Kosovo, 698
industrialization in, 526 peasantry in, 523 Kosovo, Battle of (1389), 116 Kosovo rebellion (1913), 436 Kossuth, Ferenc, 445-446 Kosutic, August, 663 Kosygin, Alexei, 720-721 Kotromanics, 95 Kotruljevic, Benko, 156 Kovacevic, Ljuba, 435 Kovacevic, Sava, 648 Ko vacie, Ivan Goran, 677, 680, 681 Kovacic, Viktor, 564 Kovosel, Srecko, 563 Kozak, Ferdo, 563 Krakov, Stanislav, 546 Kralj, Josip, 256 Kralj, Mijo, 545 Kramer, Albert, 440 Kranj (Kranjci), 55, 70 Kranjc, Misko, 563 Kranjec, Misko, 681 Kranjska (Camiola), 504 Kratohvil, jovan, 677
Kravchinski, Sergei Mikhailovich, 591, 592 Krbava Field, battle of (1493), 135 Kreft, Bratko, 563
Krek, Janez E., 390-391, 440-441, 498 Kresimir I (King of Croatia), 42 Kresimir III (King of Croatia), 46 Krizanic, Juraj, 245 Krizman, Hinko, 544 Krk, 102
Krklec, Gustav, 563
Krleza, Miroslav, 561-562
Krmcija of Saint Sava, 83, 104
Kropotkin, Peter, 695
Krusevac, Cedo, 612
Kriisevac, battle of (1454), 131
Kube-visiers, Ottoman, 173
Kuchuk Kainarji peace treaty (1774), 259
Kujacic, Mirko, 565
Kukuljevic, Ivan, 305, 384
Kulenovic, Skender, 680
Kulin (Ban of Bosnia), 63-64
Kumanovo uprising (1879), 407
Kumanudi, Kosta, 541
Kurucz (Protestant crusaders), 208, 228 Kvatemik, Eugen, 387-389, 545, 578 Kvaternik, Slavko, 573
Ladislas I (King of Hungary), 50-51 Ladislas of Naples, 116, 118, 125 Lalic, Mihailo, 679, 680
Land tenure, Ottoman, 174-175, 190-191, 221, 262-263 Language, 99 in Croatia, 284-286 in Dalmatia, 338-339 in Macedonia, 408 nationalism and, 253, 254, 257, 259 as basis of, 295-296 Serbian literary reform and, 296-300 Romanic, 58
Serbo-Croatian, 103«., 177, 182 (See also Slavonic languages)
Lapcevic, Dragisa, 534 Lastovo, 504
Latas, Omer Pasha, 325, 345, 366 Latin literature, 99-102 Law on Communes (Serbia, 1889), 400 Law on Liquidation of the Agrarian Reform (1931), 524
Law on Nationalities (Austrian, 1868), 400 Lazar (Serbian prince), 115-116 Lead, 515, 519 Lenin, V. L, 478, 623
Leopold I (Emperor of Austria), 206-208, 212
Leopold II (Emperor of Austria), 256
Lesel, Eugen, 677
Leskosek, Franc, 550
Levstik, Fran, 341, 372
Libraries, 244
Lika, 525
Linguistics, 370-371 Literature:
baroque, 242-243, 247 drama, 160-161
1860-1870 s shift from romanticism to realism, 371-373
foundations of, 35 Greek and Latin, 99-102 of Macedonia, 563-564 modernist, 455-462 nationalism and, 257 Old Slavonic and vernacular, 103-104 spread of vernacular, 156-159 Ottoman Islamic, 181-182 poetry, 160-161, 181-182, 188 oral, 106
Protestantism and, 162-166 the Resistance movement and, 678-681 sacred and secular, 104-106 scientific and theological works, 161-162 of Serbian church, 185-186 folk, 187-188
Serbian literary language reform, 296-300 of Slovenia, 563 surrealism in, 560 in Yugoslavia, 559-564
INDEX
737
Little Entente, 507-508 Soviet Union and, 508 Yugoslavia and, 511 Livestock raising, 6, 13 medieval, 68-69 Ottoman, 178
Ljotic, Dimitrije, 584, 585, 603, 651 Ljubibratic, Mico, 394 Ljubljana, 70, 360, 390, 437 Ljubljana Program (1870), 354 Ljudevit (Slavian prince), 31 Locarno Treaty (1925), 511 Lohr, Alexander von, 630, 632-634, 639, 646, 648, 669
Lombards, 20-21, 29, 30, 56
London Treaty of 1913, 425
London Treaty of 1915, 480-482, 498-499, 505, 530
Lopandic, Dimitrije, 535
Lorkovic, Mladen, 581, 663
Lotka, Fran, 565
Louis I (King of Hungary), 90-91, 116 Louis I, the Pious (Holy Roman Emperor), 31 Louis II (Holy Roman emperor), 34 Lower Stajerska, 506 Lubarda, Petar, 565 Lucic, Ivan, 246
Ludwig of Baden (Austrian commander), 210-211 Lueger, Karl, 578 Luther, Martin, 162 Luxembourg, 575
Macedonia, 5, 8, 60, 68, 178, 220, 507 Austrian conquests in, 210-211 Bulgaria and, 581
Byzantine and Bulgarian conquests of, 44-45 Byzantine cultural influence on, 98 church art and architecture of, 108-109, 112 economy of, World War I destruction and, 515-516
education in, 553 illiteracy, 552 liberated areas, 676-678 industrialization in, 526-528 Italy and, 653 literature in, 563-564 Muslim population of, 263 Ottoman Empire and, 346-350 Balkan Wars and, 435-436 Congress of Berlin and, 396, 407-409 economic and political conditions of (1912), 434-435
1875-1878 uprisings, 393-395 Ilinden Uprising (1903), 410 national renaissance movement, 308-309 reduction of Muslim population, 365 social and political changes, 289-290, 327 peasantry in, 523 political parties of, 600 Roman conquests of (148 B.C.), 9, 10 Second Balkan War and, 425-427 Serbian control of, 84-87 Serbs in, 600
sugar consumption in, 525
Macedonia (Cont.): in World War I, 485 in World War II, 568, 654 annexation, 571, 654 deportations, 580
resistance movement, 600-601, 609, 665 Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 Macek, Ivan, 601
Macek, Vlatko, 541, 543, 545-549, 562, 568, 573 Hitler and, 569 Mihailovic and, 664 Pavelic and, 663, 664 peasant uprisings and, 596 political waverings of, 584 Mackov Kamen, battle of (1914), 477, 480 Macmillan, Harold, 663 Magyars, 38-39, 44, 48, 208 Croatia and, 41-42, 255 Mahnic, Anton, 390, 440 Main Committee (Serbia, 1848), 314-315 Majar, Matia, 311 Makavejev, Dusan, 720
Makedonski, Vlada (Velicko Georgijev-Kerin), 545
Maksimovic, Boza, 541, 549
Maksimovic, Desanka, 606
Mali, Scepan, 226
Malta, 144
Mandic, Nikola, 578
Manski, Milton, 558
Manuel I Comnenus (Byzantine Emperor), 58-59 Manufacturing, 214, 220 Austrian, 231, 235 Marches, 48, 54
Maria Theresa (Empress of Austria), 229-232 Maribor, 70, 506 army mutiny in (1919), 508 Maribor Program (1865), 341 Marinkcvic, Voja, 541, 545 Marinkovic, Vojislav, 518 Maritsa River battle (1371), 115 Marko (King of Serbia), 115 Markovic, Laza, 549 Markovic, Mihailo, 719, 721 Markovic, Sima, 430, 543 Markovic, Svetozar, 283, 373, 382-384, 464, 539 Marks, 48, 54 Marriage, 556
Martinovics, Ignazius, 255-256 Marulic, Marko, 159 Marx, Karl, 539
Mary (Queen of Yugoslavia), 538
Masanovic, Marko, 542
Masaryk, Jan, 564
Masaryk, Tomas, 446
Maslesa, Veselin, 594
Matavulj, Simo, 456
Matic, Dusan, 560
Matica ilirska (Illyrian Matica), 302
Matos, Antun Gustav, 460, 465, 679
Matthias Corvinus (King of Hungary), 128, 131,
134, 142
Maurice (Byzantine Emperor), 21 Mavro-Vlachs (Black Wallachians), 23 Mazunaric, Ivan, 386, 387
738 INDEX
Medieval culture, 97-112 Bosnian tombstones, 109-112 Byzantine art in, 108-109 Byzantine and Western influence on, 97-99 Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets, 102 Greek and Latin literature of, 99-102 Old Slavonic and vernacular in, 103-104 Romanesque and Gothic art of, 106-107 sacred and secular literature of, 104-106 Medieval economic development, 65-72 agriculture, 65-67 feudal state organization, 67-69 under Stefan Lazarevic (Serbia), 121-124 trade, mining, and town emergence of, 69-72 Medjedovic, J., 677 Medjumurje, 504 Medresas (Muslim schools), 181 Mehmed I (Turkish Sultan), 119 Mehmed II (El Fatih, Turkish Sultan), 129-133,179 Mehmed IV (Ottoman Sultan), 197 Meister, Rudolf, 506 Mekteds (Muslim schools), 181 Mercury, 515 Meropsi (serfs), 68 Mestrovic, Ivan, 460-461, 483, 565 Metallurgy, 148, 214 Metelko, Fran Serafín, 308 Methodius (Saint), 35-37, 39 Metohija, 69
Metropolitans, 224, 237, 239 Metternich, Clemens von, 276-277, 284 Michael VIII (Byzantine Emperor), 84 Michael Angelus (Despot of Epirus), 61 Micunovic, Veljko, 620 Mihailo (Dioclean prince), 47, 49 Mihailo (Zahumlje prince), 40, 42 Mihailovic, Dragoljub-Draza, 579, 584-585,595, 602, 604-606, 699
collaboration by, 615, 618, 635-637
execution of, 663
Great Serbia idea of, 651
Macek and, 664
OSS and, 652
Soviet support for, 626, 627 surrender of, 669
Mihajlo Obrenovic (Prince of Serbia), 334,345, 352-353, 378-379 Mihajlov, Vance, 463, 564 Mijuskovic, Lazar, 489 Miladinov brothers, 347-348 Milan Obrenovic (King of Serbia), 353, 399 Milankovic, Milutin, 455 Milcinski, Fran, 563 Mileta s Revolt (1835), 281 Miletic, Bozo, 648 Miletic, Svetozar, 342-343, 353 Milicic, Si be, 474 Military, Serbian, 274, 430-433 Military Frontier, Austrian, 233-235, 273, 313-314 Military organizations, Ottoman, 172-173
corruption and breakdown of, 192-193, 221 spahis and rayas of, 173-176 Miljkovic, Branko, 681
Milos, Obrenovic (Serbian prince), 275-276, 318, 333-334
emergence of Serbian state and, 279-283, 344-345 Milosevic, Sima, 676 Milovanovic, Milovan, 408, 423, 504 Milunovic, Mile, 565 Milutin (King of Serbia), 83-85, 90 Milutinovic, Dobrica, 461 Milutinovic, Ivan, 550 Minderovic, Cedomir, 681 Mining, 13, 83, 149, 214 Austrian, 231, 235 Ottoman, 178-179, 220 Serbian, 121, 219 Slovenian, 361
trade, town emergence and, 69-72 Ministeriales, 74-75 Minting, 70, 71, 83 Miriditi (Albanians), 324 Mirko (Prince of Montenegro), 532 Mirkovic, Bora, 568 Miroslav (Croatian Prince), 42 Mise, Jerolim, 564 Misic, Dimitrije, 527, 528 Misic, Zivojin, 476, 478, 531 Misirkov, Krste, 408 Miskina, Mihovil Pavlek, 563 Missia, Jakob, 390 Mitrinovic, Dimitrije, 464 Mladen II (Ban of Serbia), 89-90 Mladenovic, Tanasije, 681 Modernism, 453-466 of Cankar, 462-463 concept of Yugoslavia and, 462 cultural underdevelopment and, 453-455 liberation, individual terrorism and, 465-466 of Matos, 460 of Mestrovic, 460-461
and revolutionary Yugoslav youth, 463-465 and role of intellect, 461-462 of Serbs and Croats, 457 significance of books in Slovenia, 455—456 Skeriic s journal and, 456-457 Mohacs, battle of (1526), 180 Mohor Society (Slovenian), 455 Mohorovicic, Andrija, 455 Moldavia, 194 Moltke, Helmuth von, 422 Molybdenum, 515 Monetary systems, 71, 231 Mongols, 117-118 Montenegrin Popular army, 591 Montenegro, 196, 198, 326, 427, 505 Austrian control of, 277, 332 Balkan Wars and, 424-427 Congress of Berlin and, 396, 407 Danilo and, 327-328 debts of, 516 Dubica War (1789), 261 economic growth of, 364-365 World War I destruction, 515-516 emergence of state of, 290-292 industrialization of, 526-528
INDEX
739
Montenegro (Cont.):
Italy and, 532, 653
Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes and, 504, 532-533
Napoleonic Wars and, 269 peasantry in, 523 under Petrovic, 433-434 political parties of, 584, 594 Serbian alliance (1866), 350-351 Serbian unification problem, 434 Soviet Union and, 594 sugar consumption in, 525 Turkish conquests of, 132-134 administrative organization, 183-184 resistance, 217, 223-226 Venetian propaganda in, 210, 212 women in, 555
in World War I, 486, 488-^89, 493 in World War II, 568 AFCNLY, 654 Italian annexation, 571-572 prisoners of war, 575
resistance movements, 591,593-595,615, 618, 620
Soviet Union, 594 Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 Morava river, 5 Morava School, 124 Moravia, 202 Morlaci, 197 Mosques, 181, 182 Mostar, 220 Mraz, Franjo, 565 Mrnjavcevic family, 114-115 Mujezinovic, Ismet, 677 Murad (Turkish Sultan), 115-116 Murad II (Turkish Sultan), 129 Murtic, Edo, 677 Music, 104, 182, 374 Mussolini, Benito:
assassination of King Aleksandar and, 546 Hitler and, 567, 573, 632 Mutimir (Serbian prince), 33
Nagy, Imre, 711
Nahiyas (Ottoman sub-divisions), 266, 279, 280 Naissus, 70
Naljeskovic, Nikola, 160 Napoleon I (Emperor of the French), 269, 274 Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815), 269-273 Nasser, Abdel Gamel, 709, 710, 712 National Council of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, 503, 530, 531
National Federative party (Macedonia), 435 National Freethinking party (Serbia), 343 National party (Croatia), 302,305,316,335,351-353, 384-387
changed to Independent National party in 1880, 401
National party (Dalmatia), 338-339 National Progressive party (Slovenia), 440
Nationalism and national renaissance movements, 294-309, 331 Austria and, 331-332 Bulgarian, 348-349
Croatian Party of Rights and, 388, 502, 583 Dalmatian, 338-339 fascism and, 578 Illyrism, 300-306 language and, 295-296 Serbian language reform, 296-300 Macedonian, 308-309, 347-348, 408-409 modernist, 462-463
propaganda organization and, 323-324 racism and, 578
religion as boundary and, 306-307 Serbia as a center of, 350-354 Slavism, 244-246, 275 Slovene, 257-259, 275, 276, 307-308, 403 (See also Revolutions of 1848-1849)
Natlacen, Marko, 584, 651
Natural resources of Yugoslavia, 514-515,
519-521
(See also specific listings)
Nazor, Vladimir, 646, 677, 680 Nedic, Milan, 603, 604 Nehru, Jawaharlai, 708, 710, 712 Nemanid saints (Serbian), 62, 83 Nemanja, Stefan (see Stefan Nemanja)
Nenada, Jovan, 143 Nenadovic, Matija, 267-268 Neolithic settlements, 6-7 Nerandzic, David, 260 Neretljani, 25, 41 Neretva River battle, 634-635 Neubacher, H., 639 Neuilly, Treaty of (1919), 507 New Year s Patent (1851), 329 News (newspaper in Croatia), 509 Newspapers, 244, 273, 559 Serbian, 296
Nicephorus Phocas (Byzantine Emperor), 44 Nicholas II (Tzar of Russia), 418, 424 Nicopolis, battle of (1396), 116-117 Nikezic, Marko, 719
Nikola Petrovic (King of Montenegro), 351, 433-434, 488, 532, 571 Nin, 30-31
Nincic, Momcilo, 531, 532, 541, 569, 651
Nincic-Humo, Olga, 660
Nis Declaration (1914), 482-483
Nishanji (Ottoman keeper of the great seal),
173
Nixon, Richard M., 718
Njegos, Petar Petrovic, 291-292, 324,
371-372 Nobility, 74-76 Austrian, 203, 253-254 Croatian, 205-206, 228, 254, 284-285, 358 estates rights of, 75-76 Hungarian, 202, 206, 228-229 Ottoman, 174-176
Serbian dash with increasing power of King, 84-86
740 INDEX
Nobility (Cont.):
Turkish invasions and change in status of, 149-151
under Venetian communal system, 151-152 Nodilo, Natko, 338 Noli, Fan, 510 Nomadism, 6, 8 Nomocanon (Krmcija), 83, 104 Noricum, 9, 17 Normans, 49-50 North Africa, 631 Norway:
political parties of, 689
in World War II, 574 Communist party, 689 occupation conditions, 687 prisoners of war, 575 resistance movement in, 688 Novak, Slobodan, 681 Novakovic, Stojan, 405, 407 Novi Pazar Convention (1879), 403 Nusic, Branislav, 559-560, 679
Obor-knezovi (Austrian sub-divisions), 219 Obradovic, dositej, 258-260, 296 October Diploma (1860), 334 Odeljan, Petar, 47 Ohrid, 35, 44
seat of autocephalous archbishopric, 45 abolition of, 222-223 Slav dissociation of, 187 Ojakluk timars, 190 Okrugs (Serbian sub-divisions), 280 Okucje (Serbian land minimum), 429 Old Camiola, 505 Oljaca, Mladen, 681 Open Command (1853), 329 Opera, 374
Operation Accommodation, 637
Operation Punishment, 575
Oral poetry, 106
Orbini, Mauro, 244, 245, 295
Oreski, Mijo, 542
Oreski, Slavko, 542
Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, 509
Orthodox church (see Greek Orthodox church)
Osmanli Turks (see Ottoman Empire)
Ostojic, Zarija, 636 Ostrogoths, 17 Otroci (slaves), 68 Ottoman Empire, 80, 95, 516 Albania and, 406
Austrian influence on Catholics in, 331-332 Austrian-Russian Wars with, 259-261 Balkan conquests of, 113-118, 124-131 Bosnia, 131-134 Croatia and Slovenia, 134-135 Hungary, 143-144 against Lazar, 115-116 Serbia, 114-116, 119, 124-125, 129-131 Balkan rule of, 172-188
administrative, military, and judicial, 172-173
Ottoman Empire, Balkan rule of (Cont.): creation of ciftliks, 191 economy under, 178-180 Islam and Islamic culture, 180-183 migrations, 177-178 patriarchal culture, 184-188 prerogatives and self-government, 183-184 Balkan Wars and, 424-427 Bosnia and: Austrian occupation (1878), 403-406 conquest, 131-134, 221, 263 curtailment of expansion, 193-194 economic growth, 365-366 1851 pacification, 325-327 1875-1878 uprisings and, 393-395 Islamic conversions, 180-181 nationalist propaganda movements, 324 social and political changes, 288-289 Turkization of the 1860 s, 345-346 capitalist economic growth of, 365-367 Congress of Berlin consequences for, 396 Croatian and Slovene social and economic changes influenced by, 147-151 decline of, 216-226, 262-277 internal difficulties of, 220-222, 262-265 late reforms in, 325-326 Macedonia and, 346r-350 Balkan Wars, 424-427 after Congress of Berlin, 407-409 economic and political conditions (1912), 434-435
1875-1878 uprisings, 393-395 Hinden Uprising (1903), 410 social and political changes, 289-290, 308-309, 327
Montenegro and, 223-226 Balkan Wars, 424-427 Liberation War (1876-1878), 364 Napoleonic Wars, 270-271 Passarowitz Treaty (1718), 216-217 Peace of Belgrade (1739) and, 219-220
abolition of Pec patriarchate and Ohrid archbishopric, 222-223 resistance to, 189-200 Candian War (1645-1669), 197-198 Christian propaganda, 198-199 curtailment of expansion (1606), 193-194 Dalmatian economic recovery, 199-200 insurgents, 194-197 reign of terror and hajducija, 192-193 Serbia and, 344-345, 349-350
Austrian administration of Northern, 217-218 Balkan Wars, 424-427, 435-436 1848 Serbian Revolution, 319-321 1875-1878 uprisings, 394-395 emergence of Serbian State and, 279-280, 323-324, 342-343
First Serbian Uprising (1804-1807), 265-267, 273-275
Second Serbian Uprising (1813-1815), 275-276 17th-century offensive against, 206-207 Great War of the Holy League (1683-1699), 208-210 Sultans of, 200
Young Turk Revolution (1908), 423-424
INDEX
741
Pacu, Lazar, 421, 473 Pagania, 46 Painting, 374 of Croatia, 564-565 fresco, 109-112, 185 modernism, 460-461 Renaissance, 168 in Serbia, 565 (See also Art)
Pajsije (patriarch of Pec), 198 Paleolithic settlements, 6-7 Pandurovic, Sima, 457 Pannonia, 9, 17, 30 arrival of Magyars, 38-39 Croatian spread into, 41-42 Pannonian basin, 5 Papacy, Croatian conflict and, 48-50 (See also Roman Catholic church)
Papal states, 49
Parliamentary organizations (see Elections and electoral bodies; and listings under specific countries)
Partisans (see Resistance movements in World War II)
Pashalics (Ottoman sub-divisions), 173 abolition of Serbian, 265 Pasic, Nikola, 399, 418-419, 421, 432, 435, 491 Bulgarian government and, 508 Corfu Declaration and, 497 death of, 538-539
December First Declaration (1918), 531-532
mining and, 520
Nis Declaration and, 482-483
Radic and, 537
Soviet Union and, 585
World War I and,outbreak of, 470-471, 473-474 World War I peace conferences and, 505-506 Pasic, Rade, 520, 537 Passarowitz Treaty (1718), 217 Patarenes, 92
Patriarchal Ottoman culture, 184-188 Patriciate in Dalmatian towns, 77-79 Paulucci s Convention (1807), 270 Pavelic, Ante, 542, 545, 546, 568, 569, 573, 651 Communists and, 587 genocide by, 581-582 of Jews, 578 of Serbs, 577-579 Liitter and, 642 Macek and, 663, 664 Slovenes discriminated against by, 581 Pavle (Prince of Yugoslavia), 511, 546-549 in World War II, Hitler and, 567-568 Pavle Bakic (Serbian Despot), 143-144 Pavle Subic (Ban of Croatia), 89 Pavlinovic, Don Mihovil, 354 Pavlovic, Draganee, 616 Pavlovici family (Bosnian), 119 Peace conferences of 1919 and 1920, 504-506 Peasantry:
Austrian urbarial regulations and, 235-236 Bosnian, 289, 367, 450-451, 523 Croatian, 284-285, 358, 443-445, 523, 530 Dalmatian, 363, 523
Peasantry (Cont.) deportation of (1941), 580 1875-1878 uprisings of, 393-395 feudal, 67-68, 74 in Hercegovina, 552
Hungarian Revolution (1848) and, 312-313 in Macedonia, 523 Open Command (1853) and, 329 raya (Ottoman), 173-176, 191, 262-263 Serbian free peasantry, 279-284, 361-362 significance of Serbian Revolution of, 276 Slovene, 287, 440-441, 523, 530 uprisings of, 149-151
Venetian communal systems and, 151-152 in Vojvodina, 523, 530 of Yugoslavia, 523-526, 693, 694, 696, 697 community, 653 education, 553 (See also Serfs)
Pec, patriarchate of, 185, 217-218 abolition of, 222-223 Pejcinovic, Kiril, 309 Pelagic, Vasa, 346, 383, 394 Peric, Zivojin, 554 Perisic, Toma Vucic, 358 Pernar, Ivan, 539 Perovic, Latinka, 719 Persia, 28
Petar (Emperor of Bulgaria), 43 Petar I (King of Yugoslavia), 558 Petar l (Montenegrin bishop), 291-292 Petar II (King of Yugoslavia), 546, 568, 570 Stalin s support of, 662 Petar Gojnikovic (Serbian prince), 39-40 Petar Karadjordjevic (King of Serbia), 418,430-431, 698
abdication of (1914), 432-433 Petranovic, Bozidar, 304 Petrie, Vladimir, 683 Petrov, Djorce, 409 Petrovaradin, 217
Petrovic, Karadjordje, 265-266, 268-269, 271, 273-276
Petrovic, Mihailo, 455, 572 Petrovic, Nikola, 535 Petrovic, Rastko, 487, 560 Petrovic, Vladika Vasilije, 225 Petrovic, Zora, 565
Petrovic family (Montenegrin family), 224, 291 Petrovic-Njegos, Petar, 560 Petrovic-Njegos dynasty, 532 Petrovic-Pecija, Petar, 327, 332 Phanariots, 222, 435 Pharos, 8
Phocas (Byzantine Emperor), 21 Picasso, Pablo, 681 Piedmont, 326
Pivljanin, Bajo Nikolic, 197-198 Plavsic, Vladimir, 677, 680 Plecas, Nedeljko, 637 Plecnik, Josip, 564 Plowshare, 66 Poetry, 188, 372, 677-681 drama and, 160-161
742 index
Poetry (Cont.): oral, 106
Ottoman Muslims, 181-182 Poland, 135
in the Holy League, 208-210 nationalism of, 502 in World War II: extermination, 577 prisoners of war, 575 strategic importance, 687 Yugoslavia and, 699, 705 Polic-Kamov, Janko, 562 Political parties:
Albanian, 640 Austro-Hungarian, 377-378 Croatian and Dalmatian, 384-390, 401, 443-445 Hercegovinian, 552 Macedonian, 600 Serbian, 383-384, 399-400, 429 Slovene, 390, 402-403, 439^41, 498 Popa, Vasko, 681 Popara, Miro, 620 Popovic, Bogdan, 564, 604 Popovic, Jovan, 679 Popovic, Koca, 560, 646, 720 Popovic-Aga, Pera, 542 Populists (Dalmatian), 338-339 Pospisil, Zvonomir, 545 Postruznik, Oton, 564 Potiorek, Oscar, 476-478, 480, 493, 530 Predan, Ivo, 390 Predavac, Josip, 544 Prehistoric settlements, 6-8 Prekomurje, 504
Preliminary Decrees (agrarian), 524 Preporod, 464
Presbyster Jovica s Rebellion (1834), 289 Presentation Day Constitution (Serbia, 1835), 281-282
Presem, France, 455 Prespa, 44
Pribicevic, Adam, 547
Pribicevic, Svetozar, 530, 533, 535, 537, 538, 541 Princip, Gavrilo, 467-469, 471, 499-500 Printing, 244, 273 Prisoners of war, 575 Privileged communes, 78 Prizren League (Albanian), 406 Pronoia (Byzantine fief), 69, 84 Protestantism, 147, 155
Austrian expulsion of (1628), 203 Counter-Reformation and, 167-168 in Hungary, 202 Slovene literature and, 162-166 Protic, Stojan, 471, 474, 531, 537 Ptuj, 70
Pulevski, Gorge, 408 Punctation, the, 544-545 Puntigam, Anton, 447 Puric, Milan, 699 Putnik, Radomir, 475
Racic, Punisa, 539 Racin, Kosta, 564
Racism, nationalism and, 578 Racki, Franjo, 386, 394-395 Radic, Antun, 442-445, 455, 533 Radic, Pavle, 537, 539 Radic, Stjepan, 443-445, 531, 533, 535, 537 death of, 539
Radicevic, Branko, 492, 560 Radio, 558
Railroads, 285, 287, 422 Bosnian, 516 Croatian, 359 Dalmatian, 363
role of great powers in construction of, 367-369 in Hercegovina, 516 in Montenegro, 433 Serbian, 362, 400, 428 in Yugoslavia, 516, 517, 521, 700 Rajic, Milan, 545 Rajk, Laszlo, 705 Rakic, Milan, 457 Rakoczy, Ferenz, 207, 229 Rakusa, Janko, 677 Rankovic, Aleksander, 550, 711, 714 Rapallo, Treaty of (1920), 505-506, 532 Rascia, 59-60 Rascia School, 107-108 Rastislav (Moravian prince), 35 Rauch, Levin, 388
Raya (Ottoman peasants), 173-176,193, 223,
263-264
Reading rooms, 338, 341 Red Army, 623 Reformation, 155, 162
Religion (see Christianity; Greek Orthodox church; Islam; Protestantism; Roman Catholic church)
Religious freedom, French and, 272-273 Religious literature (see Language; Literature; and specific denominations)
Religious organization, social integration and medieval church, 79-81 Renaissance culture, 154-171 art of, 168
humanistic movement of, 154-156 poetry and drama of, 160-161 Protestantism and Slovene literature of, 162-166 scientific and theological works of, 161-162 Slavdom and, 171 vernacular literature of, 156-159 Repak, Salko, 677 Republic of Venice, 30, 41, 91, 178 collapse of (1797), 256, 269 Croatia and, 57, 118 Dalmatia and, 46-47, 51, 151-152 consolidation, 125-126 restoration of economy, 199-200 Fourth Crusade and, 61 Hungarian war (1115-1125) with, 58 Istrian town controlled by, 77 medieval trade of, 34, 71 Normans and, 49, 50 Palmerston, Dalmatian warning and, 319 Pavle Subic and, 89 Serbia and, 89 Turks and, 129, 212-213
INDEX
743
Republic of Venice,, Turks and (Cont,):
Candian War (1645-1669), 197-198 Cyprus War, 144, 193-T94 Holy League, 209-210 Montenegrin resistance and, 224-226 Uskok war (1615-1617), 196-197 Zeta and, 125-126, 130 Resava School, 124 Resettlement by Germany, 579-580 Resistance culture, 674-675 congress of artists and scientists, 678 films, 682-683 folk songs, 676 historical reconstruction, 682 literature, 678-681 poetry, 677-681
Resistance movements in World War II, 589-613 Allied powers and, 690 battles of, 630-648, 650 Dalmatian Islands, 658 Fifth Offensive, 632, 634, 641-646 First Proletarian Brigade, 646-647 Neretva River, 634-635 Prijepolje, 658 Third Division, 647-648 in Bosnia: Partisan forces, 616, 618, 621 peasant uprisings, 591-592, 595-596, 616 bourgeoisie and, 615, 688 Bulgaria and, 632 bureaucracy and, 622-625 Communist parties in, 688-689, 691 factionalism, 612 integrity, 611-613 Macedonia, 600 Partisan warfare, 593, 595-598 reeducation, 592 Serbia, 601
Young Communist League, 609 in Croatia, 596-597, 615 in Croatian Littoral, 596 in Dalmatia, 596, 597 development of, 615-616, 620 dogmatism and, 620 economic determinants of, 685-686 education by, 671-674 I stria, 675-676 liberated areas, 672-674 Macedonia, 676-678 equality among peoples and, 608-609 ethics of, 608, 611-613, 615, 622-625 European resistance movements and, 685 First Proletarian Brigade, 616 Fourth Offensive against, 632, 634, 637 Germany and, 630-635, 641-646, 650 Great Britain and: landing in Yugoslavia, 663 meetings, 643, 644
in Hercegovina, 591-592, 594-596, 615, 618, 620 ideology and, 688
Italy and: Italian units join Partisans, 653 planned destruction, 631-633, 635 in Macedonia, 600-601, 609, 665 in Montenegro: liberation, 593-594 peasant uprisings, 591, 595, 615, 618, 620 occupation conditions and, 687 Roman Catholic church and, 688
Resistance movements in World War II (Cont.): Second Offensive and, 616-618 in Serbia, 601-607, 620 significance of, 684-697 Sixth Offensive against, 656 in Slovenia, 597-600, 609, 615, 621, 623 Soviet Union and: aid, 626, 638, 660 anti-Fascism, 615
communications, 625-627, 637-638 partisan ethics, 625-625 provisional government, 628-629 Serbian resistance, 605, 606 spontaneity and, 688 Stalin and, 625, 638 strategy of, 692 Teheran conference and, 656 terror and, 618 Third Offensive and, 618 women in, 610 working class in, 686-687 wounded Partisans, 633-635, 639 youth in, 609-610
Resource utilization, Ottoman, 174-175 Revolutions of 1848-1849, 310-321 consequences of (1849-1860), 322-332 in Dalmatia, 319 in Hungary, 312-318 Croatia, 316-317 Jelacic s March, 317-318 Vojvodina, 313-316 in Serbia, 319-321 United Slovenia and, 311-312 Rex iunior (young king), 57 Ribar, Ivo-Lola, 587, 624
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 567, 573, 631, 689-690 Rib ben trop-Molotov Pact (1939), 688, 689 Riga of Fera, 257
Rights Movement (Croatian-Dalmatian), 387-390, 401, 441
Rijeka, 231, 236, 285, 336, 359, 505 Karlovac Road, 273 Rijeka Resolution (1905), 445 Rina, Ita, 558 Ristic, Marko, 560 Riter-Vitezovic, Pavle, 245 Roads, 10, 70-71
Rijeka-Karlovac Road, 273 Sarajevo-Travnik Road, 366 Roba, Frano, 242 Roman Catholic church, 39 Austria and, 330 centralist policies, 253, 258 Serbian war sanction (1914), 479 Barisic affair (1832), 289 Bosnia and, 404, 406 resistance to, 63-64, 132 Counter-Reformation, 155, 167-168 Croatian conflicts of, 42, 48-50 deportation of priests (1941), 580, 598 forced conversion to, 582 Glagolitic alphabet and, 102 in Hungary, 92, 285 Protestant expulsion, 203 Jesuit schooling and, 240-241 Koruska plebiscite (1920) and, 507
744 index
Roman Catholic church (Cont.):
medieval social integration and, 80-81 Ottoman conquests and, 184-185 resistance and, 198-199 Reformation, 155, 163, 166 sacred and secular literature and, 104-106, 161-162
in Serbia, influence of, 33
autocephalous archbishopric, 61-63, 83-84 Serbo-Croatian clericalism, 354-356, 390-391 in Slovenia, 509 synods of Split, 42, 49 use of vernacular in, 103-104 in Yugoslavia, 547, 548 (See also Christianity; Clericalism)
Roman colonies and influence, 8-14 decline of, 14-17 Romanesque art, 106-108 Romania, 351, 427, 702, 705 Balkan Pact and, 510 Czechoslovakia and (1938), 511 Little Entente and, 507, 508 nationalism of, 502 in World War II, 570 Tripartite Pact, 567 Yugoslavia and, 507 Romanticism in literature, 371-372 Roosevelt, Franklin D., and Yugoslavia: territorial integrity, 652
at the Yalta Conference, 667 Rovine, battle of (1395), 116-117 Royal Council (Croatian), 236 Rudolf of Hapsburg (King of Germany), 94 Rudolf II (Emperor of Hungary), 146, 202 Rumanac trojski (Romance of Troy), 105 Russia, 194, 265, 432, 478 Austrian-Turkish wars, 259-261 Austro-Hungary and: Balkan sphere of interest agreement (1903), 418-419 Bulgarian sphere of interest agreement (1877), 396-397, 403
1908 Bosnia-Hercegovina annexation, 422-424 Balkan railroad construction and, 367-369 Crimean War and, 326, 345, 348 France and Napoleonic Wars, 269-273 influences on Serbs of, 258, 319-320, 399 baroque, 247
as international protector of Serbia, 281
London Treaty of 1915 and, 482
Montenegrin resistance to Turks and, 224-226
Montenegro and, 433
Peace of Bucharest (1812), 275
Triple Entente, 417
Turkish War of 1710-1711, 216-217
Turkish War of 1735-1739, 217-218
(See also Soviet Union)
Russo-Japanese War (1904), 419 Rutic, Ivka, 677 Rutic, Joza, 677
Sabors (provincial groups), 376-377 Safarik, Pavle, 297-300
Safer Decree (1859), 327, 345, 365 Saint-Germain, Treaty of (1919), 504-507 Saint Vitus s Day Convention (1921), 534, 535, 537, 538
Salona, 17, 21
Salonika, 19, 21, 24, 220, 271, 367, 568 Austro-Hungary and, 422 economic and political conditions (1912), 434-435
Kingdom of, 61 in World War I, 490-491, 501 Samo (Slavian King), 24-25 Samuel (Emperor of Bulgaria), 44-45 San Stefano Peace Treaty (1878), 396 Sandanski, J„ 435
Sanjaks (Ottoman sub-divisions), 117, 173 Sanjina, Mira, 677 Saragat, Giuseppe, 717 Sarajevo, 190, 199, 220, 366, 406 assassination of Francis Ferdinand at (1914), 467-469
Satarov, Metodij, 600
Sava (Saint, Sava Nemanja), 62, 104-105, 194 Sava, Vladika, 225-226 Savic, Pavle, 605, 677 Saxons, 30
mining, 71, 78, 83 Scepanovic, Blazo, 681 Schonbrunn, Treaty of (1809), 271 Schutzkorps (Austrian militia), 494 Schwarzenberg, Felix, 318, 320 Scientific literature, 161-162 Sclavinias, 23-26 Sculpture, 108, 374 Croatian, 565 Renaissance, 168 Scupi, 70
Sebars (commoners), 75 Secessionism, 461
Second Balkan War (1913), 425-426, 435-436 Second International, 478 Second Offensive (1942), 616-618 Sefer, Jakov, 466 Segedin, Petar, 681 Sekulic, Isidora, 457, 560, 604 Selim III (Ottoman Sultan), 262 -263 Selimovic, Mesa, 681 Seljuk Turks, 129 Senoa, August, 372 Serbia (Serbs), 5, 25, 26, 34 architecture of, 564
Austrian privileges of Serbian nationals,
236-239, 255, 313 cultural changes, 257-259 Austro-Hungarian Empire and: annexation of Bosnia-Hercegovina (1908), 422-424 assassination of Francis Ferdinand and outbreak of World War I, 467-474 influence of, after Congress of Berlin, 399-400, 418-419
penetration of French capital and, 419-422 bourgeoisie of: genocide, 579 Greater Serbia, 651 Soviet Union, 585-586
INDEX
745
Serbia (Serbs) (Coni.)
Bulgar expansion and, 33 Byzantine rivalry and, 39-41 Byzantine cultural influences on, 98 clericalism among, 354-356 consolidation of power in 13th century of, 83-89 Croatia and: extermination of Serbs, 597 Italian conflict plan, 509 World War II and, 578, 579, 582 Cvetkovic-Macek agreement, 548-549 debts of, 516-518 destruction of, 47, 59
economy of, World War I destruction, 515-516 education in, 370 compulsory, 552 illiteracy, 552
1875-1878 uprisings in, 394-395 emergence of Serbian State, 275, 279-284 Administrative Council and early self-government, 267-269, 274 1848 Revolution and, 319-321 during 1860 s and 1867 evacuation of Turkish troops, 344-345
language and nationalism, 295-300, 305-306, 323
recognized by Congress of Berlin, 396 significance of Serbian Revolution (1804-1815), 276 Vojvodina Serbs, 342-343 France and, 557
genocide of Serbs, 577-579 , 591 industrialization in, 361-363, 526-528 Italian annexation of, 572 Kingdom of (1882), 397, 436 annexation of Bosnia and (1908), 422-424, 435-436
assassination of Aleksandar (1903), 410 Balkan Wars, 424-427, 435-436 Bulgarian Treaty (1912), 424 Croatian coalition and, 445-448 Customs War (1904-1910), 419 industrialization of, 424-429 militarism, 431-433 modernism, 457 Montenegro and, 434-435 parliamentary system (prior to 1903), 378-381 peasant democracy, 429 Social Democratic party, 429 Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 504 under Lazarevic, 119-125 legal system of, 556-557 Macedonia and, 348-349, 407-408 Magyars and, 44
medieval economic organization of, 68, 70-71 medieval jurisprudence in, 75 Muslims and genocide in, 579 nationalist movements of, 502, 583, 585 World War II, 595 painting in, 565
peace conferences in (1919-1920), 505 political parties of: Agriculturists, 535, 541, 545 Communists, 587, 601
Liberal, Conservative, Radical, and Socialist, 383-384, 399-400, 429
Serbia (Serbs), political parties of (Co«f.): during World War II, 568 railway construction, 368 rise of Rascia and, 59-61 rulers of, 51, 96, 126, 152, 293 Russian baroque influences on, 247 sacred and secular literature of, 104-106 Serbian individuality, 578 Soviet Union and, 585-586 Turkish conquests of, 114-115, 129
Austrian battles over control of, 210-213, 217-218, 232
double vassalage of despotate, 129-130 final collapse of, 131 migrations, 177, 204, 212-214 Peace of Belgrade (1739), 219-220 Turkish resistance of: First Serbian Uprising (1804-1807), 265-267, 273-275 Koca s War (1787-1788), 260 Russian assistance, 270-271 Second Serbian Uprising (1813-1815), 275-276 self-government, 263-264 Tvrtko crowned King of, 93 United Serbian Youth (1866), 343 women in, 554-555 World War I and, 482-483, 500 Apis execution, 491 Bulgaria and, 485-487
collapse of Austrian offensive (1914), 476-478 outbreak of, 467-474 persecution during, 493-495 Salonika front, 490-491 Soca front, 484-485 World War II and, 568 AFCNLY, 654 deportations, 579 elimination of Serbs, 578, 581-582 German annexation, 572 Italian annexation, 580 prisoners of war, 575 resettlement in Serbia, 580 resettlement of Serbs, 579 resistance movements, 601-607, 620 Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 Serbian Church, 89, 205, 397, 449 Austrian changes in, 258 autocephalous archbishopric of, 61-63, 84,98, 222-223
baroque culture and, 246-247 Hungarian privileges and, 237-239 Ottoman patriarchal culture and, 185-188 1375 reconciliation of, 115 Serbian National Organization (1907), 450 Serbian Vojvodina, 330, 334, 342-343 Serbo-Croatian lanaguage, 103n., 177, 182 Serfs, 67, 74, 230
Austrian reforms for (1785 and 1790), 253,
254
Austrian uprisings of (1635), 203 Slovenian abolition of (1848), 311 (See also Peasantry)
Serres, 86
Sheikh ul Islam (Ottoman Grand Mufti), 173 Sheriat law, 554-556
746
INDEX
Shultz, George, 721
Sigismund of Luxembourg (King of Hungary), 94, 116, 118
Croatia and Bosnia and, 118-119 as Holy Roman Emperor, 118 Stefan Lazarevic of Serbia and, 119, 124 Silesia, 230
Simeon (Saint, Stefan Nemanja), 62, 104-105
Simeon (Emperor of Bulgaria), 39-41, 43, 44
Simic, A. B., 563
Simic, Bozin, 569
Simic, Novak, 563
Simovic, Dusan, 568-570, 586
Sindjelic, Stevan, 273
Singidunum, 70
Sirmium, 22
Sistova, Treaty of (1791), 261, 263 Sixth Offensive, 656 Skerlec, Ivo, 465
Skerlic, Jovan, 372, 456-457, 464, 465 Skoplje, synod at (1349), 87, 89 Skrigin, Zorz, 677 Slav Congress (Prague, 1848), 318 Slavdom, 171
Slaviano-Serbian language, 247, 258 Slavic invasions (567-641), 18-26
collapse of Byzantine defenses and (602-625), 21-23
coming of Serbs and Croats, 25 lower Danube settlements, 19-20 tribal distribution of, 25-26 Slavism, 244-246, 275
(See also Nationalism and national renaissance movements)
Slavonia, 56-57, 147-148, 177, 236, 504 Austrian conquest from Turks of, 210 Baboneg family of, 89 education in, 673 industrialization in, 527 joined to Croatia, 330-331 medieval trade in, 68, 70-71 peasant uprisings in, 235-236 Vlach-Serb migrations to, 204 Slavonic languages, 156 church disputes over, 42 Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets, 35-36, 102, 259 Slaviano-Serbian, 247, 258 (See also Language; Literature)
Slomsek, Martin, 330
Slovene Christian Social Workers Alliance, 391 Slovene Littoral, 505 Italian forces in, 653 peasantry in, 523 post-war division of, 670 Slovenia and, 653 Yugoslavia and, 653 Slovene Peoples party, 440-441, 498 Slovenec (newspaper), 479, 509 Slovenia (Slovenes), 9, 177, 228, 674-675 agrarian reform in, 329 architecture of, 564 books in, significance of, 455-456 bourgeois groups in State of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, 529-530
Slovenia (Slovenes) (Cont.): clericalism in, 390-391 cultural influences of, 557, 674-675 economy of, 360-361 World War I destruction, 516 education in, 552, 674 during 1860 s, 339-341 emancipation of peasants in, 330 ethical boundaries of, 54-56 Germany and: cultural influences, 557 Germanization of, 597-598 investment of, 437-438 World War II, 577 Hapsburgs in, rise of, 94-95 economy, 147-148 Hungary and, 581 Illyrian kingdom, as part of, 277 Illyrism in, 303 industrialization in, 526^528 under Austria, 286-288 Italy and, 505, 506, 653 conflict fomented, 509 Italian ruling class, 339-341 World War II, 571, 581 literature in, 563 marriage in, 556
nationalism of, 257-259, 275, 276, 502 1918 uprisings in, 499 Pavelic and, 581 peasantry in, 149-151, 523, 531 political parties of, 390, 402-403, 439-441 Clericalists, 506, 537 Communists, 587 Liberals, 506, 541 Slovene Peoples party, 541, 584 Social Democrats, 507, 530 World War II, 568 population of (1938), 528 Protestants from (1628), expulsion of, 203 Reformation in, 162-166 Roman Catholic church in, 509 Slovene Littoral and unification, 653 Thirty-Years War and, 202 Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919), 506-507 Turkish invasions of, 134-135 defense system against, 144-147 United Slovenia, ideas of, 311-312 in World War II, 568 annexation, 571 anti-Fascism, 654 deportations, 579-580 Italy, 571, 581 looting, 581 prisoners of war, 575 resettlement, 580
resistance movement, 597-600, 609, 615, 621, 623
Yugoslavia, as part of, 698 Slovenski Narod (newspaper), 509 Social Democratic Congress of Balkan Lands (1910), 435
Social Democratic parties:
Croatian, 444 Hungarian, 452
INDEX
747
Social Democratic parties (Cont.):
Serbian, 383, 430-431, 478 Slovene, 498
during World War I, 478-479 Social integration, medieval church and, 79-81 Socialism, 332, 462-463 Christian, 390-391 Serbian, 382-383 Socialist party, 394
Society of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 402-403
Sokalnici (servants), 68
Sokolovic, Mehmed Pasha, 181, 185
Songs, 104, 182, 188
Soviet Union:
armed intervention in (1919), 508 British conservatives and, 511 France and, 508
Germany, World War II and, 567, 568, 574, 575
intelligence service of Vasic, 585
Little Entente and, 508
Mihailovic and, 626, 627
Montenegro and World War II, 594
Pasic and, 585
revolution in (1917), 496-497, 693, 695 Serbia and, 585-586
Tito, resistance movement and, 626, 643,644, 647
in World War II, 690-691 anti-Fascism, 615 Belgrade, 665, 667
communications with resistance movements, 625-627, 637-638, 647 diplomatic recognition, 574 entry, 592-593 Germany, 567, 568, 574 occupation conditions, 687 Partisan ethics, 623-625 prisoners of war, 575
provisional government of Yugoslavia and, 628-629, 654-656
resistance movements, aid to, 626, 638,647, 662-663
Serbian resistance movement, 605, 606 Yugoslavia and, 702-704, 709-721 cultural influences, 557-558 diplomatic recognition, 667 intellectuals, 561-562 revolutionary government, 658 spheres of interest, 658, 663-665 World War II, 574 (See also Russia)
Spahis (Ottoman cavalry), 128, 173-176, 190, 221 Serbian, 263-265, 279, 282-283 Spaho, Mehmed, 537, 541, 546, 549 Spain, 143
Spanish Republican Army, 623 Speidel, Hans, 546
Spheres of interest (World War II), 567, 573, 650-653, 658-659, 663-665, 690-691 Split synods, 42, 49 Spoleto, Archduke Aimone di, 573 Sports, 559
Srbljak (Serbian sacred literature), 104 Sremski Karlovci, See of, 222, 247
Srpski Knjizevni Glasnik (Serbian Literary Herald), 456-457
Srskic, Milan, 541, 545 Stajerska, 54 Lower, 506 (See also Styria)
Stalin, Joseph, 549, 623, 702-703 AFCNLY and, 655 Churchill and, 659 Greece and, 691 King Petar supported by, 662 resistance movements and, 625, 638 Tito and, 662, 665 distrust, 656
Yugoslavia at Yalta and, 667 Stalingrad, battle of (1943), 631 Stamboliski, Aleksandar, 508 Stampar, Andrija, 525 Stankovic, Bora, 456 Stanojevic, Aca, 547 Stanojevic, Ilija, 558 Starcevic, Ante, 387-389, 578 Starcevo culture, 7 State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs: creation of, 503-504, 530, 531 Croatia and, 529-530 elections in, 533 Dalmatia and, 530 King Aleksandar and, 531 Slovenia and, 529-530 Vojvodina and, 529-530 Stecci (Bosnian tombstones), 109 Stefan Decanski (King of Serbia), 85-86 Stefan Dusan (Emperor of Serbia), 85-89, 275 Louis I of Hungary and, 91 Stefan Lazarevic (Serbian Despot), 117, 119-125 Stefan Nemanja (grand zupan of Serbia, canonized Simeon), 60-62, 104-105, 275 Stefan Prvovencani (First-Crowned of Serbia), 61-62, 105
Stefan Tomasevic (Serbian Despot), 131, 132
Stefan Uros (Emperor of Serbia), 87, 114
Stefan Vojislav (Dioclean prince), 46-47
Stefan Vukcic (Herceg of Saint-Sava), 131-132
Stefanovic, Andra, 564
Stephen Tomas (Hungarian Despot), 132
Stepinac, Alojzije, 664, 700
Stevenson, Ralph, 660
Stilinovic, Marijan, 601
Stjepan II (King of Croatia), 50
Stjepan Drzislav (King of Croatia), 46
Stjepan II Kotromanic (Ban of Bosnia), 91-92
Stojadinovic, Milan, 511, 546-548
Stojanovic, Sreten, 604
Stokavian (Serbo-Croatian dialect), 103n., 17, 177, 297, 300
Stone Fort culture, 7
Strategos (Byzantine commanders), 28, 47 Stratiotai (warrior-peasants), 28 Strizic, Zdenko, 564 Strk, Ivica, 677
Strossmayer, Josif Juraj, 386, 394-395 Strumica, 507
Stuart, William, 643, 645, 646
74g INDEX
Styria, 163, 167, 205, 228, 504 estates bodies in, 287 Germanization of, 437-439, 506 peasant revolts in, 230 Subasic, Ivan, 660, 662, 667 Subic, Ive, 677 Sublime Porte, 173 Subrics, 89-90 Sugar beets, 525 Sugar consumption, 525 Suklje, Fran, 403
Suleiman II (Ottoman Sultan), 135, 144, 185
Sultans, Ottoman, 172-173
Sumanovic, Sava, 565
Supilo, Frano, 445, 446, 464-465, 483, 497
Supljikac, Stefan, 315
Supremists (Macedonian), 409
Sustersic, Ivan, 440, 441, 498
Sutej, Juraj, 544, 584
Svetina, Tone, 680
Svyatoslav (Russian prince), 44
Sweden, 519
Swevus, Syfridus, 102
Switzerland, 519
Syntagma, 104
Szeged, Peace of (1444), 130
Taafee, Eduard, 402
Tamerland (Mongol conqueror), 117-118 Tankosic, Vojislav, 471, 472 Tariffs, 231 Tatars, 83 Taxes, 68, 71 Austrian, 203, 230 Ottoman, 175, 191, 221, 262, 264 Teheran Conference (1943), 656 Tekelija, Sava, 273 Tekyas, 181
Temisvar (Timisoara), 330 Tepavac, Mirko, 717, 720 Terpeshev, Dobri, 663 Terrorism, individual, 465-466 Thaelman, Ernst, 610 Theater, 105, 302, 370, 461 baroque, 243 Themes,” 28
Theodoric (King of the Ostrogoths), 17 Theological literature, 161-162
(See also Literature; and specific denominations) Theophilactos, 99 Third Offensive (1942), 618 Thirty Years War (1618-1648), 196, 202 Tholkoly, Imre, 208 Thrace, 28 Thracians, 8
Three Emperors League (1881), 403 Tican s Revolt (1807), 267 Tigar, 599
Tilsit, Treaty of (1807), 270-271 Timars (Ottoman resource estates), 174, 190, 221 Timisoara Assembly (1790), 255 Timocani, 26, 31
Timok Revolt (1883, Serbia), 379, 399 Tisa-Maro s Military Frontier, 233
Tisza, Stephan, 469
Tito, Jo sip Broz, 550, 587, 699
Bulgarian agreement signed by, 663 Churchill and, 659, 660, 662 equality of Yugoslav nations and, 625 Hitler and, 632
Partisan warfare and, 593, 596, 605, 606 Fifth Offensive, 645 German offensive, 633 participation of youth, 610 Soviet Union, resistance movement and, 626, 643, 644, 646, 647 Stalin and, 656, 662, 665 Subasic and, 667 Todorovic, Pera, 399 Togliatti, Palmiro, 689, 691 Tolls, 71, 72
Tomasevic, Aleksandar, 677
Tomic, Sima, 408
Tomislav (Croatian King), 41-42
Tomislav II (King of Croatia), 573
Tomse, France, 570
Topalovic, Zivko, 534
Toplica uprising (1917), 492
Topographical features of Yugoslavia, 4-6
Tosovic, Risto, 681
Towns and cities, 149
Austrian centralization and, 253 Croatian, 285
Dalmatian patriciate in, 77-79 emergence of, 69-72 Macedonian, 290 Ottoman, 179-180 Serbian, 283 Trade, 148 Austrian, 230-231 Greek influence on, 8 in Hapsburg Croatia, 214-215, 235-236 intrastate, 6
mining, town emergence and, 69-72 Ottoman, 180, 189-190, 220-221 under Roman conquest, 13 (See also Economic development)
Trade routes, 271 Adriatic, 5, 220 Austrian, 231 northern plains, 5 Trade unions, 430 in Croatia, 549 in Yugoslavia, 549 Trajanovic, Radmilo, 570 Transportation and communication: in Dalmatia, 363 geographic conditions and, 6 Roman roads and, 10, 70-71 Turkish invasions and, 148 Vlach herdsmen and, 69 (See also Railroads; Roads; Trade routes) Transylvania, 143, 144, 194 agrarian reform in (1785), 253 Travunija (Travunjani), 26, 34, 41, 46, 83 annexation by Diodea of, 46-47 Rascia conquest of, 60 Trbojevic, Jovo, 637 Trebinjac, Milos, 535
INDEX
749
Trent, Council of (1545^1563), 167 Trialism, 447-448 Trieste, 231, 271, 287, 360, 437 as Slovene center, 439-440 after World War II, 701, 703, 708 Trieste Crisis, 669-670 Trifunovic, Misa, 541 Tripartite Pact, 567-568 Triple Alliance, 417 Triple Entente, 417 Trlajic, Svetozar Sava, 582 Trotsky, Leon, 562 Trpimir (Croatian prince), 34 Trpimir II (Croatian King), 42 Trubar, Primoz, 163^166 Truman, Harry S., 670
Trumbic, Ante, 445, 483, 497-498, 505-506, 531-532, 544
Tuberculosis, 525
Tucovic, Dimitrije, 436, 462-463, 478 Tumulus culture, 7
Turco-Austrian War of 1593^1606, 193-194, 204 Turco-Austrian War of 1663-1664, 206 Turkey (see Ottoman Empire)
Tvrtko I (King Stefan of Bosnia), 92-94, 115-116
Ujevic, Avgustin Tin, 562-563 Ulbricht, Walter, 706 Ulrich of Weimar, 48 Ungnad, Ivan, 163-166 Unification or Death (Black Hand), 463, 562 Unionists (Croatia), 387 United Serbian Youth, 343, 353, 383, 401 United Slovenia, 311-312, 341 United States:
emigration to (1900-1914), 442-443 in World War II, 690 Yugoslavia and, 699-721 cultural influences, 558 debts, 517, 518 diplomatic recognition, 667 foreign investment, 519 monarchy, 658 spheres of interest, 663 territorial integrity, 651, 652 Universities in Yugoslavia, 553 (See also Education)
Upper Moesia, 9, 13 Urbanization: under Roman conquest, 13 of Yugoslavia, 522 Urbarial regulations, 235, 238 Uros I (King of Serbia), 83-84 Uskoks, 144, 146, 193 Republic of Venice and, 210 Uskok War (1615-1617), 196-197 Ustasha terrorists, 718, 719 Uzelac, Milivoj, 565 Uzunovic, Nikola, 541, 545
Vajner-Cica, Slavisa, 616 Valjevo, 475-477 Valuk (Slavian prince), 24
Valvasor, Janez Vajkard, 242 Varazdin, 204, 208 army mutiny in (1919), 508 Vardar river, 5
Greek influence in, 8 Varesanin, Marijan, 465 Varnava (patriarch of Serbian church), 548 Vasic, Dragisa, 585 Vasilijevic, Dusan, 498 Vasvar Peace Pact (1664), 207 Velbuzd, battle of (1330), 85 Velimirovic, Nikolaj, 462 Venice (see Republic of Venice)
Vereb, Zoltán, 601 Vergerius the Elder, Peter Paul, 156 Vergerius the Younger, Petar Paul, 163-166 Vernacular, Slovene use of, 103-104 literature of, 156^159 Veselinov, Jovan-Zarko, 601 Vesovic, Radonja, 681 Vetranovic, Mavro, 160 Vidacic, Stefica, 558 Vidas-Vuk, Bozo, 542 Vidmar, Milan, 564 Vienna, 143, 147 Jelacic march on (1848), 317-318 Vienna Declaration of May (1917), 498 Vilder, Veceslav, 544 Vilhar, Miroslav, 341 Village bourgeoisie, 265 Villeins, 74 Viminacium, 70 Vinca culture, 7 Virilists, 316
Viseslav (Croatian prince), 30 Vizner, Ljubo, 563 Vlach Statutes (1630), 204 Vlachs (Wallachians), 23, 69, 115 church and, 81
under Ottoman rule, 174-175, 177, 178 Islam and, 180 organization of, 183 Venetians and, 197 Slavonian migrations of, 204-205 social organization of, 79 Vladika (Montenegrin Assembly), 224 Vladislas I (King of Hungary), 130 Vlahovic, Veljko, 654 Vodopivec, Nikola, 677 Vojnovic, Kosta, 492 Vojteh, Djordje, 47
Vojvodas (Serbian commanders), 267, 268, 274 Vojvodina, 228, 232, 336, 377, 504, 529-530 education in, 552 1875-1878 uprisings in, 395 industrialization in, 526-528 Magyarization of, 451-452 Miletic and quest for autonomy in, 342-343 nationalistic movements (1848) in, 313-316 peasantry in, 523-530 population of (1938), 528 Serbian Vojvodina, 330, 334 in World War II, 654 Vokic, Ante, 663 Volkov, Vladimir, 546
750 INDEX
Voranc, Prezihov, 563 Vorkapic, Slavko, 558 Voroshilov, Kliment, 706 Vrancic, Faust, 161-162 Vrhovnik, Ivan, 403 Vucinic, Rade, 274 Vuckovic, Mihajlo, 525 Vuco, Aleksandar, 560 Vujnovic, Milan, 677 Vujovic, Nikola, 611
Vuk Brankovic (Hungarian Despot), 115-116 Vukalovic, Luka, 327 Vukicevic, Velja, 541 Vukmanovic-Tempo, Svetozar, 596 Vulic, Nikolo, 604
Wagner, Otto, 564 Wakfs (Ottoman institution), 175 Wallachia, 194 Wallachians {see Vlachs)
War crimes, 575 Warriors, medieval, 72, 74 Weesenmayer, Edmund, 573 Werboczy, Istvan, 150
Western church (see Christianity; Roman Catholic church)
Wiesner, Friedrich von, 470-471, 473 Wilhelm II (German Kaiser), 427 Wilson, Woodrow, 497, 531 Women:
in resistance movements, 610 in Serbia, 554-555 in Yugoslavia, 554-556 Workers Alliance of Serbia, 430 Workers Councils, 706 Working class of Yugoslavia, 522-523 World War I, 467-501
assassination of Francis Ferdinand (1914) and, 467-469
Austrian offensive (1914), collapse of, 476-478 Austro-Hungarian declaration of war with Serbia (1914), 470-474
Austro-Hungarian empire and, last days of, 496-501
fraticidal nature of war, 478-480 Serbian role in, 484-489 third year of, 490-495 World War II:
Balkans in, 567 Belgium in, 574, 575, 688, 689 Belgrade in, 570, 575, 579 Bosnia in, 568, 572 AFCNLY and, 654
resistance movements, 591-592, 595-596, 616, 618, 621
Bulgaria in, 567, 570 Fifth Offensive, 642 Germany, 574
Macedonian resistance, 600-601 resistance movements, 632, 663 Yugoslavian annexation, 571 Croatia in, 568, 570, 572-573 AFCNLY, 654
World War II, Croatia in (CohL):
Communists, 569 deportation, 580 Germany, 573, 574, 579 Italy, 573
resettlement in, 580 resistance movements, 596-597, 615 Serbia, 579 Serbs, 578, 582 Czechoslovakia in, 574 Dalmatia in, 570, 572, 573, 579 resistance movement, 596, 597 Denmark, 687, 688 France in, 575, 688, 689 Germany in: Belgrade bombings, 575 Bulgaria, 574 Croatia, 573, 574 Croatian uprising, 599 Drvar, 660
economic plunder, 576 genocide, 577-579 Greece, 570 Italy, 567-574 looting, 580-581 Montenegrin uprisings, 595 occupation conditions, 687 prisoners of war, 575, 670 resettlement, 579-580
resistance movements, 630-635, 641-646, 650 Roman Catholic church, 688 Second Offensive, 61tr-618 Serbian uprisings, 601, 603-607 Soviet Union, 567 Third Offensive, 618 war crimes, 575 working class, 686-687 Yugoslav annexation, 571, 651 Yugoslav bourgeoisie, 603-604 Yugoslav diplomats, 576 Great Britain in: Balkans, 567 meeting with Partisans, 643, 644 prisoners of war, 575 resistance movements, 690 Serbian resistance, 605 Yugoslav invasion, 650, 662, 663 Greece in, 567, 570 Gypsies in, 580-582 Hercegovina in, 568, 572 AFCNLY, 654
resistance movement, 591-592, 594-596, 615, 618, 620
Holland in, 575, 688, 689 Hungary in, 567, 570, 571, 600 Italy in: Croatian uprisings, 597, 599 Germany, 567, 574 Greece, 567, 570 Montenegrin uprisings, 595 prisoners of war, 575, 670 resistance movements, 631-633, 635 Serbian annexation, 572 Slovenia, 571, 581 surrender, 653 Third Offensive, 618 working class, 691
INDEX
751
World War II, Italy in (Cont.):
Zagreb-Ljubljana railway line, 639 Jews in: deportations, 580 extermination, 578, 581-582 prisoners of war, 575 Luxembourg, 575 Macedonia in, 568, 654 annexation, 571, 572 deportations, 580
resistance movements, 600-601, 609, 665 Montenegro in, 568 AFCNLY, 654 Italian annexation, 571-572 prisoners of war, 575
resistance movements, 591, 593-595, 615,618, 620
Soviet Union, 594 Norway in, 574, 575, 687-689 Pavle in, 567-568 Poland in, 575, 577, 687 strategic importance, 687 Romania in, 567, 570 Serbia in, 568 AFCNLY, 654 deportations, 579 elimination of Serbs, 578, 581-582 prisoners of war, 575 resettlement in, 579 resistance movements, 601, 607, 620 Slavonia in, 572 Slovenia in, 568 AFCNLY, 654 annexation, 571 deportations, 579-580 Italy, 571, 581 looting, 581 prisoners of war, 575 resettlement, 580
resistance movements, 597-600, 609,615,621, 623
Soviet Union in (see Soviet Union, World War II and)
United States in, 690 Vojvodina in, 654
Yugoslavia in (see Yugoslavia, World War II and) Zagreb in, 570
(See also Resistance movements in World War II)
Yalta Conference (1945), 667 Young Bosnians, 463~465, 493
assassination of Francis Ferdinand and, 467-469
Young Turk Revolt (1908), 423-424, 435 Yugoslav Committee, 480, 497 creation of, 483
Yugoslav Social Democratic party, 439-440 Yugoslavia, 273, 300, 305 Albanians and, 552, 553 architecture in, 564 art in, 565
Balkan Pact and, 510 Belgium and, 519 bourgeoisie in, 585-586
Yugoslavia (Cont.):
Bulgaria and, 351 boundaries, 507 friendship treaty (1937), 511 World War II, 566
chronology of events from 1945 to 1973, 698-721 Churchill and, 658-660, 663, 667, 670 concepts of, 462
Congress of Berlin and, 396-397 Corfu Declaration (1917), 497-498 cultural influences on, 557-559 Anglo-American, 558 France, 557 Germany, 557 Soviet Union, 557-558 Dalmatian nationalist ideas and, 339 economy of, 513-528 agriculture, 521, 523-525, 693, 694 corruption, 519-521 foreign capital, 519-521 growth, 521 income, 525 indebtedness, 516-519 industrialization, 514, 521-522, 526-528 natural resources, 514-515, 519-521 peasantry, 523-526 semicolonial, 515-516 urbanization, 522 working class, 522-523 World War II, 576 education in, 551-553 emigration from (1921-1931), 525 foreign policy of, 508, 511, 512 France and, 504 cultural influences, 557 debts, 517, 518 foreign investment, 519, 520 foreign policy, 511
French domination of Europe, 507-508 Gaj ideas for, 318 general strike in (1919), 508 Germans in, 552
Germany and: cultural influences, 557 economics, 512 foreign investment, 519 foreign policy, 511 internal political antagonisms, 586 World War II, 566-567, 569-570 Great Britain and, 517, 518, 558 diplomatic recognition, 667 formation of government, 660, 662 monarchy, 658-660 spheres of interest, 658, 663-665 territorial integrity, 652 Hungarians in, 552, 553 Hungary and, 519, 566 Italy and, 530 Albania and, 510
assassination of King Aleksandar, 546
boundaries, 505-506
foreign investment, 519
foreign policy, 508-509
treaties, 511, 532
World War II, 566, 567, 569
752 1NDEX
Yugoslavia (Cont.):
Koruska and, 507 legal system of: diversity, 554 law enforcement, 556-557 marriage, 556 women, 554-556 literature in, 559, 564 Little Entente, 507, 508, 511 marriage in, 556 Netherlands and, 519 Nis Declaration, 482-483 peasantry of, 523-526, 693, 694, 696, 697 community, 653 education, 553 political parties of, 583-584
Communists, 533-535,541, 542, 549-550, 568, 586-588
corruption, 520 Radical Union, 546-548 Socialist Workers party, 508 World War II, 568 population of, 521, 525 religion in, 547, 548, 556 revolutionary base in, 693-695 Romania and, 507 Romanians in, 552, 553 Roosevelt and, 652, 667 Slovene Littoral and unification, 653 social transformation of, 691-693 socialist concepts of, 462-463 society of, 513-516
Soviet Union and, 557-558, 561-562, 574 diplomatic recognition, 667 revolutionary government of, 658 spheres of influence, 658, 663-665 Stalin and, 667 Sweden and, 519 Switzerland and, 519 trade unions in, 549 Turks in, 552, 553
United States and: cultural influences, 558 debts, 517, 518 diplomatic recognition, 667 foreign investment, 519 monarchy, 658 spheres of interest, 663 territorial integrity, 651-652 women in, 554-556 World War I and, 491 World War II and: AFCNLY, 654-656 annexation, 571-574 anti-capitalism, 609, 654 attack, 569-570 Belgrade, 665, 667 bourgeoisie, 603-604, 609, 663-665 Communist party, 689 diplomatic recognition, 667 diplomats, 576
Yugoslavia, World War II and (Cont.): economic plunder, 576 formation of government, 660, 662, 667 genocide, 577-579, 581-582 government in exile, 604, 605 looting, 580 monarchy, 658-660 neutrality, 566-567 occupation conditions, 687 political parties, 583-588 putsch (1941), 568-569 resettlement, forcible, 579-580 resistance movements (see Resistance movements in World War II)
Soviet Union, 570
spheres of influences, 650-653, 658-659, 663-665
strategic importance, 567 surrender, 570-571, 584 Trieste crisis and, 669-670 Triparte Pact, 567-569 war crimes, 574-575 young people in, 608-610 Yuruks (Turco-Tatars), 178
Zadar, 33-34, 47, 58, 504 Zadar Resolution (1905), 445 Zadruga (family communities), 279, 283 Zagreb, 285, 359, 522, 570 Zahariades, Nicolas, 704-705 Zahumlje (Zahumljani), 25, 34, 40-41, 83, 91 annexation by Diodea of, 46-47 Rascian conquest of, 60 Zapolya, John, 143 Zdeslav (Croatian prince), 34 Zerajic, Bogdan, 465 Zerjav, Gregor, 440 Zeta, 83, 120
Venetian control of, 125-126 loss of, 132-133 Zimonjic, Petar, 582 Zinc, 519
Zivkovic, Petar, 508, 539, 542, 545 Zmaj, Jovanovic, 492 Zog I (King of Albania), 510 Zogovic, Radovan, 679 Zogu, Ahmed (Zog I, King of Albania), 510 Zrinski, Nikola, 206-207 Zrinski, Petar, 207, 243 Zrinski family (Croatian), 147-149, 204, 206 Zrinski-Frankspan conspiracy, 207-208 Zupancic, Oton, 563 Zupanijas, 57, 76, 232 abolition of, 253 Zupans, 57, 59, 74, 213 Zvonimir (King of Croatia), 48-50, 573 Zwitter, Fran, 674
Contents
Editor s Note on Pronunciation viii
Preface to the English Edition ix
Part One. The Rise and Fall of the Medieval States 1
1 The Legacy of Antiquity in Yugoslavia / S. Cirkoviâ / 4
2 The Slavs in the Balkan Peninsula / S. Cirkoviâ / 18
3 The South Slavs between the Byzantine and Frankish Empires
/ S. Cirkoviâ/ 27
4 The Upsurge and Decline of the Slavic States in the Balkan
Peninsula / S. Cirkoviâ / 38
5 Stabilization of Boundaries / S. Cirkoviâ / 53
a
6 Economic Development / S. Cirkoviâ / 65
7 Society in Formation / 5. Cirkoviâ / 73
8 State Expansion and Consolidation of the Ruler s Power / L Boziâ / 82
9 The Eastern and Western Cultural Zones /1. Boziâ / 97
10 The Balkan World during the Turkish Conquests /I. Boziâ / 113
11 The Establishment of Turkish Power IL Boziâ/ 127
Part Two. Life and Struggle within the Great Empires 139
12 The Yugoslav Peoples under the Hapsburg Monarchy and the
Republic of Venice / /. Boziâ / 142
13 Cultural and Religious Movements / I. Boziâ / 154
14 The Yugoslav Peoples under Turkish Rule / I. Boziâ / 172
15 The Crisis of the Ottoman System and the Beginning of
Resistance / /. Boziâ / 189
16 The Hapsburg Lands and the Anti-Turkish Offensive in the
Seventeenth Century / L Boziâ / 201
v
vi CONTENTS
17 The Decline of the Ottoman Empire and the Inception of the
Eastern Question / S. Cirkovit / 216
18 The South Slavs in the Hapsburg Monarchy during the Period of
Absolutist Reforms / S. Cirkovit I 227
19 The Assertion of the Baroque / 5. Cirkovit/ 240
Part Three. The Struggle for Nation States and Modern Society 249
20 The Reign of Joseph II and the Awakening of the Yugoslav
Peoples / M. Ekmecit / 252
21 The Serbian Revolution and the Yugoslav Lands during the
Napoleonic Wars / M. Ekmecit / 262
22 Social Transformation in the First Half of the Nineteenth
Century / M. Ekmecit / 278
23 National Renaissances / M. Ekmecit / 294
24 The Revolution of 1848-1849 / M. Ekmecit / 310
25 The Consequences of the Revolution, 1849-1860 / M. Ekmecit / 322
26 Political Development, 1860-1875 / AL Ekmecit / 333
27 Profiles of Societies in the Second Half of the Nineteenth
Century / M. Ekmecit / 357
28 Civil Liberties, Constitutional Systems, and Political
Parties / M. Ekmecit / 375
•29 The Failure of Yugoslav-oriented Policies and the Predominance
of Austria in the Balkans, 1875-1903 / M. Ekmecit / 392
Part Four. The Paths of Unification and the Struggle 413
for Social Revolution
30 The Collapse of Ottoman Rule / V. Dedijer / 416
31 Internal Relations in Serbia, Montenegro, and Macedonia,
1903-1914 / V. Dedijer/ 428
32 The South Slavs under the Hapsburgs, 1903-1914 / V. Dedijer / 437
33 Modernism in Literature and Art / V. Dedijer / 453
34 The Assassination in Sarajevo and the Outbreak of World War I
/V. Dedijer/ 467
35 The Collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Offensive of 1914
/ V. Dedijer / 475
36 The Tragedy of Serbia in 1915 / V. Dedijer/ 484
37 The Third Year of the War / V. Dedijer / 490
38 The Last Days of Austria-Hungary / V, Dedijer / 496
39 The New State in International Affairs / V. Dedijer / 502
40 The Economy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia / V. Dedijer / 513
CONTENTS Vll
r
41 Yugoslavia between Centralism and Federalism / V. Dedijer / 529
42 Trends in Education and Culture, 1918-1941 / V. Dedijer / 551
43 The Subjugation and Dismemberment of Yugoslavia / V, Dedijer / 566
44 The Attitude of Various Political Forces to the Occupation
/V. Dedijer/ 583
45 The First Massive Uprising in Occupied Europe / V. Dedijer / 589
46 The Uprising in Crisis / V. Dedijer / 614
47 The Neretva and Sutjeska: Decisive Battles of the Revolution
/V. Dedijer/ 630
48 The Struggle to Preserve the Achievements of the Yugoslav
Revolution / V, Dedijer / 649
49 Partisan Culture / V. Dedijer / 671
50 The Historical Significance of the Yugoslav Revolution
IV. Dedijer/ 684
Chronology of Events, 1945—1973 698
Index
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Dedijer, Vladimir 1914-1990 Božić, Ivan 1915-1977 Ćirković, Sima M. 1929-2009 Ekmečić, Milorad 1928-2015 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118679120 (DE-588)1269534297 (DE-588)119366207 (DE-588)11913604X |
| author_facet | Dedijer, Vladimir 1914-1990 Božić, Ivan 1915-1977 Ćirković, Sima M. 1929-2009 Ekmečić, Milorad 1928-2015 |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Dedijer, Vladimir 1914-1990 |
| author_variant | v d vd i b ib s m ć sm smć m e me |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV003188157 |
| classification_rvk | KV 5028 NK 2435 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)631990345 (DE-599)BVBBV003188157 |
| discipline | Geschichte Slavistik |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Istorija Jugoslavije History of Yugoslavia Vladimir Dedijer, Ivan Božić, Sima Ćirković, Milorad Ekmečić New York McGraw-Hill 1974 IX, 752 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 gnd rswk-swf Jugoslawien (DE-588)4028966-7 g Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Dedijer, Vladimir 1914-1990 (DE-588)118679120 aut Božić, Ivan 1915-1977 (DE-588)1269534297 aut Ćirković, Sima M. 1929-2009 (DE-588)119366207 aut Ekmečić, Milorad 1928-2015 (DE-588)11913604X aut Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002001654&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002001654&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Dedijer, Vladimir 1914-1990 Božić, Ivan 1915-1977 Ćirković, Sima M. 1929-2009 Ekmečić, Milorad 1928-2015 History of Yugoslavia Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4028966-7 |
| title | History of Yugoslavia |
| title_alt | Istorija Jugoslavije |
| title_auth | History of Yugoslavia |
| title_exact_search | History of Yugoslavia |
| title_full | History of Yugoslavia Vladimir Dedijer, Ivan Božić, Sima Ćirković, Milorad Ekmečić |
| title_fullStr | History of Yugoslavia Vladimir Dedijer, Ivan Božić, Sima Ćirković, Milorad Ekmečić |
| title_full_unstemmed | History of Yugoslavia Vladimir Dedijer, Ivan Božić, Sima Ćirković, Milorad Ekmečić |
| title_short | History of Yugoslavia |
| title_sort | history of yugoslavia |
| topic | Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Jugoslawien |
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