French syntax list: A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency
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| Format: | Buch |
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New York
Holt
1943
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI,292 S. |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Clark, Richard E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a French syntax list |b A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency |c Richard E. Clark ; Lawrence Poston* |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b Holt |c 1943 | |
| 300 | |a XVI,292 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117331230588928 |
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction.......................... . 1
List of Authors and Titles................... 9
List op Abbreviations ...................... 12
I. The Sentence......................... 17
1.1 Forms of the sentence. —1.2 Elements of the sentence. —
1.31 Terms used. —1.4 Independent elements. —1.5 Elliptical
expressions. —1.6 Order of the elements. —1.7 Stylistic phe-
nomena.
II. Substantives......................... 20
2.1 As subject. — 2.15 As direct object. — 2.6 As indirect object. —
2.66 Direct or indirect object with verbs of causation and percep-
tion. — 2.7 As complement. — 2.75 In apposition. — 2.76 As object
of a preposition. — 2.8 In elliptical constructions. — 2.9 Inde-
pendent uses. — 2.95 Independent subject. — 2.99 Absolute con-
structions.
Nouns........................ . . . 28
3.2 Number.— 3.3 Special uses. — 3.6 Adjectival use. — 3.7 Ad-
verbial use.
Personal Pronouns..................... 31
Conjunctive Pronouns.................. 31
4.1 Subject forms. — 4.2 Substitutes for the regular forms. — 4.3
On and Von. — 4.4 Substitutes for on. — 4.5 Position of subject pro-
nouns.—4.6 Uses of subject pronouns. — 4.61 First and second
persons. — 4.62 Third person. — 4.66 Modification of subject pro-
nouns. — 4.67 Uses of on. — 4.7 Repetition of subject pronouns. —
4.8 Inclusion and omission of subject pronouns. — 4.9 Redundant
use of subject pronouns. — 4.95 Agreement of subject pronouns. —
5. Object forms. — 5.11 First person. — 5.12 Second person. — 5.13
Third person. — 5.14 Direct object. — 5.31 Indirect object. — 5.35
Subjective complement. — 5.4 The pronoun en. — 5.41 The an-
tecedent is a person. — 5.51 The antecedent is a thing. — 6.61 The
antecedent is a general idea. — 5.7 Without an antecedent. —
6. The pronoun y.~ 6.1 The antecedent is a person. — 6.2 The
antecedent is a thing. — 6.3 The antecedent is a place in the mind
of the speaker. — 6.4 The antecedent is a general idea. — 6.6 With-
out an antecedent. — 6.6 Order of two object pronouns. — 6.7 The
object pronouns precede the verb. — 6.8 The object pronouns
follow the verb. — 7. Uses of object pronouns. — 7.1 Direct object.
— 7.3 Indirect object. — 7.31 In close relation to the verb. — 7.4
Modifies the whole sentence. — 7.7 Special uses of en. — 7.8 Special
uses of y. — 7.9 Agreement of the object pronoun. — 8. Position
xi
xii TABLE OF CONTENTS
0 PAGE
of the object pronoun. — 8.1 Simple form. — 8.2 Complex of verb
and complementary infinitive.
Disjunctive Pronouns .................. 55
9.1 Forms. — 9.2 Uses. — 9.3 To reinforce a noun. — 9.4 To re-
inforce a conjunctive subject pronoun. — 9.45 As part of a com-
pound subject. — 9.5 To reinforce a conjunctive object pronoun.
— 9.7 To reinforce a relative pronoun. — 9.8 As subject of a
finite verb. — 9.91 As subject of an infinitive. —¦ 9.95 As subject
of an imperative. —10.1 As subject of an absolute construction.
•—10.2 As subjective complement. —10.3 As object of a preposi-
tion. — 10.4 Special uses after d. —10.5 Special uses after de. —
10.6 Without a verb. — 10.8 Soi.
Demonstrative Pronouns.................. 63
11. Forms. —11.1 Masculine and feminine forms. —11.3 Neuter
forms. — ¦ 11.31 Ceci, cela, ga. — 11.5 Ce and il in concurrence. —
11.51 Constructions in which ce alone is found. —11.52 Construc-
tions in which ce predominates. —11.56 Constructions in which
il predominates. •—11.6 Further uses of ce as subject of tire. —
11.64 Anticipatory subject. — 11.65 Impersonal. —11.66 C est...
qui (que) for emotional reinforcement. — 11.8 Pleonastic ce.
Possessive Prounouns . . .................. 75
12.1 Forms. —12.2 Uses.
Indefinite Pronouns.................... 76
13.2 List of the commonest indefinites.
Interrogative Pronouns.................. 77
14.1 Referring to persons. —14.2 Referring to persons or things,
with distinguishing force. — 14.3 Referring to a neuter concept. —
14.4 Quantitative. —14.5 Interrogative adverbs. —14.51 Cause
and purpose. — 14.6 Manner. —14.7 Place. — 14.85 Quantity. —
14.9 Time.
Relative Pronouns..................... 82
16.11 Restrictive relatives. —15.21 Non-restrictive relatives.—
15.27 Neuter resumptive forms. —15.3 Substantive relatives.—
16.8 Generalizing, indefinite relatives. —16.9 Special uses of the
relatives. —16. Relative adverbs. —16.21 Place. —16.4 Time. —
16.6 Generalizing, indefinite relative adverbs.
III. Adjectives.......................... 91
Demonstrative Adjectives................. 91
17.1 Forms. —17.3 Regular uses. —17.4 Special uses. —17.6
Repetition with coordinated nouns.
The Definite Article ................... 93
18.1 Forms. — 18.2 Uses. —18.21 With demonstrative force.—
18.23 Use and non-use according to nature of noun modified. —
18.65 Used instead of a possessive adjective. —18.75 With pairs
and series. —18.81 Repetition of the definite article.
TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii
PAGE
Possessive Adjectives....................109
19.11 Weak forms. —19.2 Uses. —19.8 Repetition. —19.9 Strong
forms.
The Indefinite Article...................112
20.1 Forms. — 20.2 Uses. — 20.21 According to nature of noun
modified. — 20.33 Eepetition. — 20.4 Use of the definite and in-
definite article according to the function of the noun modified. —
20.41 The noun is subject. — 20.42 The noun is direct object. —
20.43 The noun is object of a preposition. — 20.45 The noun is
subjective complement. — 20.46 The noun is objective comple-
ment.— 20.47 The noun is in apposition. — 20.48 The noun is
used in an elliptical construction. — 20.49 Special cases in negative
constructions.
The Partitive.......................121
20.51 After expressions of quantity. — 20.6 Elliptical partitive. —
20.61 Nature of noun modified. — 20.7 Function of noun modified.
— 20.71 The noun is subject. — 20.72 The noun is subjective or ob-
jective complement. — 20.73 The noun is direct object. — 20.76 The
noun is object of a preposition. — 20.77 The noun is in apposition.
— 20.78 The noun is used in an elliptical construction. — 20.79 The
noun is used adverbially.
Indefinite Adjectives....................126
21.2 List of the commonest indefinites.
Interrogative Adjectives..................127
22.1 Distinctive adjectives.
Numerals...........................128
23.2 Cardinals. — 23.3 Ordinals. — 23.4 Collectives. — 23.5 Frac-
tions.
Relative Adjectives ..................... 130
24.1 Quel gue. — 24.2 Quelque ... que.
Qualifying Adjectives...................131
25.1 Attributive use. — 25.11 Position. — 25.31 Predicate uses. —
25.34 Appositive uses. — 25.39 Descriptive absolute constructions.
— 25.41 Used as adverbs. — 25.42 Used as substantives. — 26. Com-
parison of adjectives. — 26.11 Equality. — 26.2 Superiority. — 26.7
Inferiority. — 26.73 Proportionate comparison. — 26.78 Other
methods of intensification. — 26.8 Agreement. — 26.9 Adjectival
phrases.
IV. Verbs............................140
Ttpes of Verbs.......................140
27.1 Transitive verbs. — 27.2 Intransitive verbs. — 27.3 Reflexive
verbs. — 27.31 With a direct reflexive object. — 27.32 With an in-
direct reflexive object. — 27.34 Exclusively reflexive verbs. — 27.35
Impersonal reflexive verbs. — 27.36 Omission of a reflexive object.
— 27.4 The reflexive verb used as a substitute for the passive voice.
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
— 27.6 Reciprocal verbs. — 27.8 Copulative verbs. — 27.9 Auxili-
ary verbs.
Moods...........................145
The Indicative......................145
28.11 In main clauses. — 28.2 In subordinate clauses. — 28.3 In
substantive clauses. — 28.8 In adjective clauses. — 28.9 In ad-
verbial clauses.
The Subjunctive.....................152
29.1 In main clauses. — 29.11 Wish. — 29.16 Command. — 29.2
Uncertainty. — 29.21 Concession. — 29.3 In subordinate clauses.
-—29.31 Desire. — 29.31 In substantive clauses. — 29.45 In ad-
jective clauses. — 29.46 In adverbial clauses. —¦ 29.5 Uncertainty. —
29.51 In substantive clauses. — 29.6 In adjective clauses. — 29.7 In
adverbial clauses.
The Imperative......................161
30. Uses. — 30.5 Void and voilA.
Conditional Sentences...................163
31.1 General conditions. — 31.21 More vivid future conditions. —
31.31 Less vivid future conditions. — 31.34 Mixed future condi-
tions. — 31.41 Present contrary-to-fact. — 31.43 Past contrary-to-
fact. — 31.47 Mixed contrary-to-fact. — 31.5 Other mixed con-
ditions. — 31.6 Incomplete conditional sentences. — 31.61 The
si-clause is replaced. — 31.76 The conclusion is replaced. — 31.77
The conclusion is omitted.
Tenses...........................170
Simple Tenses......................170
32.11 Indicative: Present. — 32.21 Imperfect. — 32.4 Preterite
and past indefinite. — 32.6 Future. — 32.65 Conditional. — 32.70
Imperative. —32.71 Subjunctive. — 32.72 Present. — 32.73 Im-
perfect.
Perfect Tenses......................182
33.11 Indicative: Present perfect. — 33.21 Pluperfect. — 33.31
Preterite perfect. — 33.41 Future perfect. — 33.51 Conditional per-
fect. — 33.6 Subjunctive. — 33.61 Present perfect. — 33.62 Pluper-
fect. — 33.65 Temps surcomposes. — 33.7 Auxiliaries used in form-
ing the perfect tenses. — 33.81 Agreement of the past participle. —
33.9 Sequence of tenses.
Auxiliary Verbs Used with the Infinitive.........192
34. Classification. — 34.11 ff. List of auxiliaries.
Voice............................208
35.1 Active. — 35.2 Passive. — 35.21 Passive action. — 35.23 Pas-
sive state. — 35.24 Eire replaced by other verbs. — 35.25 Agent of
the passive. — 35.3 Repetition of the auxiliary. — 35.4 Agreement of
the past participle.
Agreement of Verbs....................212
36.1 Number. — 36.7 Person. — 36.9 Impersonal verbs.
TABLE OF CONTENTS xv
PAGE
The Infinitive....................... 217
37.1 As a verbal noun with adjectival modifiers. — 37.21 Without a
preposition: as subject of a verb. — 37.25 As subjective comple-
ment. — 37.26 As objective complement. — 37.27 In apposition. —
37.28 As independent subject. — 37.31 As object of a verb. — 37.32
With no change of subject. — 37.33 With change of subject. —
37.331 With verbs of causation. — 37.336 With verbs of percep-
tion. — 37.34 In elliptical constructions. — 37.4 With a preposition.
37.41 As subject. — 37.51 As subjective complement. — 37.52 As
direct object. — 37.53 As complement to a verb or verbal locution.
— 37.54 With no change of subject. — 37.55 With change of sub-
ject. — 37.57 In adverbial phrases. — 37.6 Modifying a verb or
whole clause. — 37.71 In adjectival phrases. — 37.81 In elliptical
constructions. — 37.85 Separated from the preposition. — 37.86
Used instead of a finite verb. — 37.95 With passive or indefinite
force. — 37.99 Perfect infinitive.
The Participles......................234
38.1 Present participle. — 38.2 As a verbal adjective. — 38.3 As a
true present participle, invariable. — 38.4 As a gerund, after en. —
38.5 Perfect active participle. — 38.6 Part participle. — 38.61 In
verbal constructions. — 38.64 In absolute constructions. — 38.71
In adjectival constructions. — 38.72 With active force.
V. Adverbs...........................240
39.11 Adverbs in -meat. — 39.4 Comparison. — 39.51 As sub-
stantives.— 39.52 As adjectives. — 39.6 Alphabetical list of ad-
verbs and adverbial phrases.
VI. Negation.......................... 249
40.1 Negation of adjectives, adverbs, and substantives by rum, rum
pas, and pas. — 40.2 These negatives used independently. — 40.3
Other negative words not modifying a verb. — 40.4 Pleonastic ne.
— 40.5 Negatives modifying a verb. — 40.66 Ne for ne — pas. —
40.6 Rien as a noun. — 40.7 Implied negation. — 40.8 Last element
of a negation repeated.
VII. Prepositions.........................257
41.22 Repetition. — 41.33 Attraction. — 41.6 Alphabetical list of
prepositions.
VIII. Conjunctions........................262
42.1 Coordinating. — 42.21 Copulative. — 42.22 Adversative.—
42.23 Alternative. —42.24 Illative. — 42.25 Causal. — 42.26 Ex-
planatory. — 42.3 Subordinating. — 42.31 Without a verb. — 42.4
Que, — 42.41 Annunciative. — 42.49 In elliptical expressions. —
42.6 In main clauses. — 42.74 Coordinating. — 42.76 To replace
another conjunction. — 42.77 In comparison. — 42.79 In result
clauses. — 42.8 Uses of si. — 42.81 In a protasis. — 42.82 In indirect
questions. — 42.85 In main clauses.
xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
IX. Interjections.........................270
43.1 Words primarily interjections. — 43.2 Finite verb-forms. —
43.3 Other words. — 43.5 Phrases.
X. Stylistic Phenomena.....................271
44.2 Asymmetry. — 44.3 Tautology. — 44.4 Repetition.
|
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| spelling | Clark, Richard E. Verfasser aut French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency Richard E. Clark ; Lawrence Poston* New York Holt 1943 XVI,292 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd rswk-swf Französisch (DE-588)4113615-9 gnd rswk-swf Französisch (DE-588)4113615-9 s Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 s DE-604 Poston, Lawrence Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001905925&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Clark, Richard E. Poston, Lawrence French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd Französisch (DE-588)4113615-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4058779-4 (DE-588)4113615-9 |
| title | French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency |
| title_auth | French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency |
| title_exact_search | French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency |
| title_full | French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency Richard E. Clark ; Lawrence Poston* |
| title_fullStr | French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency Richard E. Clark ; Lawrence Poston* |
| title_full_unstemmed | French syntax list A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency Richard E. Clark ; Lawrence Poston* |
| title_short | French syntax list |
| title_sort | french syntax list a statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary french prose on the basis of range and frequency |
| title_sub | A statistical study of grammatical usage in contemporary French prose on the basis of range and frequency |
| topic | Syntax (DE-588)4058779-4 gnd Französisch (DE-588)4113615-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Syntax Französisch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001905925&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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