Logic for philosophers:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Harper & Row
1971
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Sources in contemporary philosophy
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII,419 S. Ill. |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117249573781504 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Logic for philosophers
Autor: Purtill, Richard Lawrence
Jahr: 1971
CONTENTS
Preface
Mainly for Teachers xiii
Introduction
Mainly for Students xix
Part I Basic Logic
1 Prepositional Logic 3
1.1 Operators and Connectives 4
Propositions Truth-Functional Operators Conjunction
Disjunction Negation Implication Equivalence Terminology
Exercises
1.2 Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingents 14
Logical Forms of Propositions Substitution Instances of the
Logical Forms Truth Tables of the Prepositional Forms
Terminology Exercises
1.3 Equivalences 22
Tautology Negation of a Negation Useful Equivalences
Exercises
1.4 Implication 30
Valid Arguments Modus Ponens Modus Tollens Disjunctive
Syllogism Hypothetical Syllogism Constructive and
Destructive Dilemmas Exercises
1.5 Philosophical Difficulties 40
The Truth-Value Condition The Independence Condition The
Truth Value of Compound Propositions
Reading List 45
2 Proofs and Disproofs 47
2.1 Direct Proofs 48
Argument Forms Replacement and Inference Rules
Contradictions Exercises
2.2 Disproofs 55
Shortcuts Exercises
2.3 Conditional Proofs 60
Conditional Proofs within Conditional Proofs Exercises
CONTENTS
2.4. Logical Systems 65
The Principia System Natural Deduction System Logical
Truths and Falsehoods Exercises
2.5 Philosophical Applications 70
The Deductive Form Attacking the Premises Steps in
Analysis
Discussion Questions 76
3 Syllogistic Logic 77
3.1 Standard Form Statements 78
Standard Form Statements Classes Distribution of Terms
Labels and Symbols Exercises
3.2 Immediate Inference 86
Conversion Negation Contraposition Obversion Squares
of Opposition Exercises
3.3 Syllogisms 97
Syllogistic Form Syllogistic Rules Diagramming a Syllogism
Exercises
3.4 Soriteses and Enthymemes 109
Solving a Sorites Solving an Enthymeme Exercises
3.5 Philosophical Applications 117
Arguments from Duns Scotus A Modern Argument
Discussion Questions 122
4 Class Logic 123
4.1 Names of Classes 124
Operators and Class Connectives Union Intersection
Complement Universal and Null Classes Exercises
4.2 Statements About Classes 130
Subclasses and Elements Equivalents Standard Form
Statements Exercises
4.3 Syllogistic Logic as Class Inference 141
Carroll and Venn Diagrams Syllogisms with HSC, SSR, and DSC
Diagramming as Disproof Exercises
4.4 Nonsyllogistic Class Inferences 148
Exercises
4.5 Philosophical Difficulties 152
Defining Classes Classes That Are Members of Themselves
Reading List 154
5 Predicate Logic 155
5.1 Subjects, Predicates, and Quantifiers 156
Quantification Multiple Subjects and Quantifiers Exercises
5.2 Quantifier Equivalences and Implications 163
Quantifier Exchange Quantifier Distribution Manipulations
with Multiple Quantifiers Exercises
5.3 Proofs in Predicate Logic 172
Universal Instantiation Existential Generalization Universal
Generalization Restrictions and Conditions - Existential
Instantiation Exercises
5.4 Disproofs in Predicate Logic 186
Small Worlds The Shortcut Exercises
viii
CONTENTS
5.5 Philosophical Applications 195
Aquinas Causal Argument Infinite Regress
Discussion Questions 198
Part II Advanced Logic
6 Extended Predicate Logic 203
6.1 Predicate Variables and Quantifiers 204
Symbols for Predicate Variables Predicates of Predicates
Predicates of Individuals Exercises
6.2 Identity 209
Essential Properties Intensional Properties Identity and
Nonidentity Inference Patterns Numbers Exercises
6.3 Definite Descriptions and the Iota Operator 214
Making Implications Explicit Contextual Definition Restrictions
on the Iota Operator Exercises
6.4 The Lambda Operator 219
Problems with Lambda Expressions Predicates of Properties
Properties of Relations Exercises
6.5 Philosophical Difficulties 226
Operators in Quantified Statements The Existential
Quantifier
Reading List 230
7 Prepositional Modal Logic 231
7.1 Implications in Propositional Modal Logic 232
Relations Between Necessity and Possibility Strict Implication
Exercises
7.2 Equivalences in Propositional Modal Logic 238
Exercises
7.3 The Lewis Systems S.3, S.4, and S.5 243
Four-Valued Quasi Truth Tables Proof and Disproof
Procedures Different Systems of Propositional Modal Logic
Exercises
7.4 Proofs in Modal Logic 251
Rule of Conditional Proof Reductio Proof Exercises
7.5 Philosophical Applications 254
Modal Distribution Clarification by Modal Operators
Modalized Version of the Ontological Argument
Discussion Questions 260
8 Extensions of Modal Logic 261
8.1 Quantifiers and Modal Logic 262
Modal Operators within the Scope of Quantifiers The Parallel
Argument The Sceptic s Argument Exercises
8.2 Epistemic Logic 269
The Square of Opposition for Knowledge Epistemic Implication
and Equivalence Doxastic Logic Square of Opposition for
Belief Epistemic and Doxastic Relations Hintikka s Epistemic
and Doxastic System Exercises
ix
CONTENTS
8.3 Deontic Logic 278
Restrictions Implications and Equivalences Square of
Opposition for Deontic Logic Exercises
8.4 Mixed Modalities 282
Obligation and Necessity Descartes Scepticism Exercises
8.5 Philosophical Difficulties 287
Meaning in Modal Logic Paradoxes in Modal Logic
Reading List 291
9 The Logic of Ordinary Language 292
9.1 Logical Truth, Logical Falsehood, and Logical Nonsense 295
Analytic Statements Emptiness Context Exercises
9.2 Equivalence in Ordinary Language 299
Concepts Applicability and Interchangeability One Word with
Various Senses Absurdity Exercises
9.3 Implication in Ordinary Language 305
Dedication and Suggestion Relations of Strong Implication,
Indication, and Suggestion Quasi-Implicative Relations
Exercises
9.4 Some Valid Appeals to Ordinary Language 310
Trading on Associations of Ordinary Sense Equivocation between
Ordinary and Technical Senses Unnecessary Redefinition
Exercises 317
9.5 Philosophical Applications
Logical Emptiness Implications in Ordinary Language No
Contender False Contender Defending the Incumbent
Discussion Questions 322
10 Tools of Analysis 324
10.1 Definition 325
Criticism of Socratic Definition Difficulties in Definition Rules
for Definition Exercises
10.2 Theory of Meaning 331
Referring Expressions Descriptive Expressions The Basis of
Meaning Exercises
10.3 Probability Theory 334
Bayes Theorem Maximum-Likelihood Argument Intelligent
Design or Chance? Exercises
10.4 Scientific Inference 343
Confirming Scientific Hypotheses Confirmation Theory
Paradox of the Ravens Revolution in Scientific Theory
Exercises
10.5 Philosophical Difficulties 348
Value of Techniques of Logic Analysis of Philosophical
Arguments
Reading List 349
Appendixes
Appendix A Simplifying Compound Propositions 351
Appendix B The 256 Simplest Forms 355
x
CONTENTS
Appendix C Alternate Notations 361
Appendix D Many-Valued Logics 365
Appendix E Solutions to Even-Numbered Exercises 367
Appendix F Frequently Used Forms and Rules 407
Important Rules 407
Equivalences 408
Argument Forms 409
Instantiation and General Rules 410
Indexes
Index of Forms and Rules 411
Index of Symbols 414
Index 415
xi
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| spelling | Purtill, Richard Lawrence 1931-2016 Verfasser (DE-588)172315425 aut Logic for philosophers Richard L. Purtill New York [u.a.] Harper & Row 1971 XXII,419 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Sources in contemporary philosophy Logic Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001851945&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Logic for philosophers |
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