The dilemma of context:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
New York Univ. Pr.
1989
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 218 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 0814778909 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | BEN-AMI SCHARFSTEIN
THE DILEMMA OF CONTEXT
n
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK amp; LONDON
CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
1 • CONTEXTUAL PROBLEMS AND TENSIONS 1
• The term context is characterized and contextuality, relativism, and
skepticism are distinguished from one another, i
• We have no theory for dealing with context as such 3
• The discussion of context that follows rests on an empirical attitude toward
philosophy 5
• Among recent social scientists, the followers of Franz Boas were partic-
ularly concerned to avoid prejudice and were therefore contextual and
relativistic in judging alien cultures Contemporary anthropologists, such
as those concerned with symbolic forms, continue to argue for relativ-
ism 7
• The problem of context is illustrated by the example of an intelligent
criminal 12
• The problem of context is illustrated from anthropology For the sake of
coherence and consistency, the examples are drawn from the life of the
American Indians, beginning with the life of the Eastern Woodlands In-
dians 17
• Another Indian example is taken from the ideals and effects of Black Elk
Speaks 22
• Ritual of the Wind exemplifies a renascent Indian pride 26
• Difficulties in the translation of American Indian Poetry furnish still an-
other instructive example 27
• Apache criticism of The Whiteman exemplifies how different cultural
expectations create misunderstanding 31
vii
CONTENTS
• Anthropological informants and other cultural intermediaries are sub-
jected to strains usually too sharp to withstand 33
• Anthropologists themselves face great strains and are apt to show great
ambivalence 36
• The problems of contextual understanding on a larger scale are illus-
trated by meetings between representatives of the high cultures, in the
person, for example, of al-Biruni, who observed and judged Hindu cul-
ture, and of the Abbe Dubois, who played the role of a Hindu 40
• The twentieth-century Viennese Agehananda Bharati becomes a Hindu,
an anthropologist, and a cultural critic of India 43
• Both those who judge and are judged claim that mere objectivity fails to
reach understanding, which requires actual practice and a genuine merger
of identities 47
2 • CONTEXTUAL DILEMMAS AND LIMITATIONS 51
• Anthropologists and their like do not succeed as well as they may hope
in abolishing cultural barriers 51
• An imagined meeting between contemporary Western and African social
scientists fails to produce a meeting of minds 54
• The desire to understand everything in context leads to increasing scru-
pulousness and increasing insistence upon uniqueness 59
• Close attention to context also leads us to differentiate it in terms of
disciplines and levels 62-
• The result is an indefinite multitude of possibilities that ends by requir-
ing a total contextualization or a total relativity 67
• Total relativity is illustrated by both Eastern and Western philosophies,
which, though striking, are unlikely to serve us well enough here and
now 69
• In practice, context shows things to be local and individual and is there-
fore related to the debate in Europe and India between nominalists and
realists 72
• The contrast between the identical and the individual or different resem-
bles that between mathematics and theoretical physics on the one hand
and, on the other, everything biological 78
• Yet both philosophical and scientific reasoning show that individuality
or difference must be limited 82
• The basic principle of philosophical relativism—the absence of an abso-
lute criterion—has been argued in ancient Greece, China, and India 86
• Contemporary relativists have accentuated relativism in individual ways,
but each of them has acknowledged that relativism cannot be total 92
• Relativism is limited by the perceptual, cognitive, and other kinds of
viii
CONTENTS
constancy that are necessary for us to live and learn 101
The relativistic contention that languages are unique and therefore in-
commensurable is neither convincing nor quite wrong, no
Relativism and absolutism, like difference and identity, are complemen-
tary and mutually necesary in both fact and thought 131
3 • CONTEXTUAL HESITATIONS AND SOLUTIONS 139
The problems of context and of relativism are accentuated by our depen-
dence on two-valued logic, which is inevitable but often inadequate or
misleading All things considered, it is unhelpful to try to resolve the
problem of context in a simply logical way 139
Chinese, Indian, and European thinkers, such as Chuang-tzu, Mon-
taigne, Nietzsche, Derrida, Siddhasena, and Gadamer, have cast doubt
on formal logic and fixed concepts Though often intemperate, their
thought is likely to be helpful to us 150
Comparative philosophy and the social sciences may be improved by the
use of more adequate and stimulating models for thought Bicultural ex-
perience is very helpful, and creative imagination essential The lives of
three scholars are offered in evidence 166
By pressing for solution but always resisting it, the problem of context
continues to polarize thinkers The choice of context depends on one s
aim, which is never simply neutral Its use to deny or affirm likeness is
therefore a subjective act with its own context and consequences, which
are anything but trivial for human relations 185
REFERENCES 195
INDEX 211
IX
|
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:47:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0814778909 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001702444 |
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| spelling | Sharfshṭain, Ben-ʿAmi 1919- Verfasser (DE-588)136365175 aut The dilemma of context New York u.a. New York Univ. Pr. 1989 XV, 218 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kontext (DE-588)4165149-2 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Kulturanthropologie (DE-588)4133903-4 gnd rswk-swf Kontextualismus (DE-588)4165151-0 gnd rswk-swf Relativismus (DE-588)4177682-3 gnd rswk-swf Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd rswk-swf Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd rswk-swf Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 s Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Relativismus (DE-588)4177682-3 s DE-604 Kontext (DE-588)4165149-2 s Kulturanthropologie (DE-588)4133903-4 s Kontextualismus (DE-588)4165151-0 s Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 s HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001702444&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Sharfshṭain, Ben-ʿAmi 1919- The dilemma of context Kontext (DE-588)4165149-2 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Kulturanthropologie (DE-588)4133903-4 gnd Kontextualismus (DE-588)4165151-0 gnd Relativismus (DE-588)4177682-3 gnd Philosophie (DE-588)4045791-6 gnd Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd |
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| title | The dilemma of context |
| title_auth | The dilemma of context |
| title_exact_search | The dilemma of context |
| title_full | The dilemma of context |
| title_fullStr | The dilemma of context |
| title_full_unstemmed | The dilemma of context |
| title_short | The dilemma of context |
| title_sort | the dilemma of context |
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| topic_facet | Kontext Kultur Kulturanthropologie Kontextualismus Relativismus Philosophie Ethnologie |
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