Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Weikersheim
Margraf
1989
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Tropical agriculture
5 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zugl.: Mainz, Univ., Diss., 1988 u.d.T.: Ecological impacts on the tea production in Sri Lanka |
| Beschreibung: | V, 320 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3823611739 |
Internformat
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| 490 | 1 | |a Tropical agriculture |v 5 | |
| 500 | |a Zugl.: Mainz, Univ., Diss., 1988 u.d.T.: Ecological impacts on the tea production in Sri Lanka | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Ökologie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tea |x Ecology |z Sri Lanka | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tea |x Yields |z Sri Lanka | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Tea |z Sri Lanka | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804117002994843648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka
Autor: Fuchs, Hans-Joachim
Jahr: 1989
CONTENTS
1 Introduction..........................................1
1.1 Problem................................................1
1.2 Objectives............................................4
1.3 Method................................................5
1.3.1 Data Collection........................................5
1.3.2 Computer and the Process of Inductive Ecological
Research ..............................................6
2 Sri Lanka.......................12
2.1 General Introduction ..................................12
2.2 Geology........................12
2.3 Relief........................13
2.4 Climate........................14
2.5 Soil.........................19
2.6 Land Utilization and Population Density........20
3 Tea..........................22
3.1 Botany of a Tea Bush.................22
3.2 Origin and History of Tea Cultivation.........24
3.3 Tea Planting in Sri Lanka...............25
3.4 Ownership Pattern in the Tea Plantation Sector .... 26
3.5 Tea Marketing in Sri Lanka..............28
4 Characteristics of the Studied Estates
and Ecological Iapacts ................................30
4.1 Names and Spatial Distribution of the Studied Tea
Estates........................31
4.2 Extent........................35
4.3 Elevation and Exposition...............36
4.4 Topography......................41
4.5 Soil Characteristics.................45
4.5.1 Introduction and Texture Classification........45
4.5.2 Soil Texture in the Studied Estates..........50
4.5.3 Soil Reaction (pH-value)...............56
4.6 Planting Material...................58
4.6.1 Introduction.....................58
4.6.2 Spatial Distribution in the Estates and Influencing
Factors........................60
4.6.3 Distribution of the Different Clones in the Studied
Fields........................65
4.6.4 Age and Density of the Tea Bushes in the Fields. ... 68
4.7 Precipitation.....................76
4.7.1 Data Sources.....................76
4.7.2 Mean Annual Precipitation...............77
4.7.3 Mean Annual Number of Rainy Days ......................84
4.7.4 Seasonal Precipitation Distribution..........86
4.7.5 Interannual Variation of Precipitation and Rainy
Days.........................87
4.7.6 Annual Variation of Precipitation...........92
4.7.7 Interannual Precipitation Variability.........107
4.7.7.1 Variability of Annual Precipitation..........107
4.7.7.2 Variability of Monthly Precipitation ..................110
4.8 Drought........................112
4.8.1 General Introduction ..................................112
4.8.2 Drought Damage in 1983 ................................116
4.8.3 Shade Trees......................130
4.8.3.1 Consequences of Shade Removal.............130
4.8.3.2 Establishment of Shade ................................131
4.8.3.3 Lopping and Uprooting of Shade Trees ..................134
4.9 Wind.........................136
4.9.1 General Introduction to Damaging Wind Occurrence . . . 136
4.9.2 Wind Damage in the Studied Estates..........138
4.9.3 Planting Material and Wind Damage...........144
4.9.4 Shelterbelts.....................145
4.10 Frost.........................148
4.10.1 General Introduction ................. 148
4.10.2 Frost Damage in the Studied Estates..........150
4.11 Diseases.......................152
4.11.1 Blister Blight .................... 154
4.11.1.1 Introduction ..................... 154
4.11.1.2 Blister Attack in the Studied Estates.........156
4.11.2 Red Root Disease (Poria)...............167
4.11.2.1 Introduction ..................... 167
4.11.2.2 Poria Attack in the Studied Estates..........169
4.11.3 Mite Pest.......................172
4.11.3.1 Introduction ..................... 172
4.11.3.2 Mite Attack in the Studied Estates .......... 173
4.11.4. Tortrix Pest.....................177
4.11.4.1 Introduction ..................... 177
4.11.4.2 Tortrix Attack in the Studied Estates.........178
4.12 Manuring.......................181
4.12.1 Introduction to Nitrogen Fertilizers ......... 182
4.12.2 Loss of Added Fertilizer ............... 183
4.12.3 Nitrogen Fertilizer in the Studied Estates ...... 184
4.13 Pruning........................189
5 Yield Potential and Liaiting Factors ......... 194
5.1 Introduction.....................194
5.2 Decline of Production.................195
5.3. Mean Annual Yield...................196
5.3.1 Mean Annual Yield in General.............197
5.3.2 Effect of Elevation and Exposition on Yield......202
5.3.3 Effect of Slope Gradient and Soil Texture on Yield . . 207
5.3.4 Effect of Precipitation on Yield...........209
5.3.5 Effect of Drought on Yield (1983)......................210
5.3.6 Effect of of Destructive Winds on Yield........213
5.3.7 Effect of Frost on Yield...............215
5.3.8 Effect of Pests and Diseases on Yield.........216
5.3.8.1 Effect of Blister Blight on Yield...........217
5.3.8.2 Effect of Poria Infection on Yield ....................219
5.3.8.3 Effect of Mite Attack on Yield............219
5.3.8.4 Effect of Tortrix Attack on Yield...........220
5.3.9 Effect of Fertilizer Quantity (N) and Pruning
on Yield (1985)........................................221
5.3.10 Mean Annual Yield over Space (1970-1985) ..............225
5.4 Interannual Variation of Yield ........................234
5.4.1 Interannual Variation of Precipitation and Yield . . . 234
5.4.2 Interannual Variation of Yield with Regard to the
Elevation.......................236
5.4.3 Interannual Variation of Yield at each Planting
District.......................239
5.5 Annual Variation of Yield...............246
5.6 Yield Potential of the Commonly Planted Clones .... 255
5.6.1 Mean Annual Yield of Clonal Tea Bushes in General. . . 256
5.6.2 Mean Annual Yield of Clonal Tea Bushes with Regard
to their Age.....................258
5.6.3 Mean Annual Yield of Clonal Tea Bushes with Regard
to Pruning......................261
5.6.4 Mean Annual Yield of Clonal Tea Bushes with Regard
to Elevation.....................262
5.6.5 Mean Annual Yield of Clonal Tea Bushes with Regard
to the Slope Gradient and Soil Texture........265
5.6.6 Mean Annual Yield of Clonal Tea Bushes with Regard
to the Planting Districts...............268
6 Current Agricultural Practices and Challenges of
Innovation Mainly Related to Soil Erosion.......274
6.1 Kinds of Soil Erosion and Affecting Factors......274
6.2 Current Agricultural Practices ............ 277
6.3 Soil Improvements and Preventive Measures against
Soil Erosion.....................283
6.3.1 Education Campaign ....................................283
6.3.2 Mulching.......................283
6.3.3 Cover Crops......................287
6.3.4 Weeding........................291
6.3.5 Slope Stabilization..................294
6.3.5.1 Contour Drains .................... 294
6.3.5.2 Construction of Contour Bunds.............296
6.4 Uprooting, Rehabilitation, and Replanting Systems. . . 297
6.4.1 Field Operations Prior to Uprooting the Tea Bushes . . 298
6.4.2 Field Operations during Uprooting and Soil
Rehabilitation.....................298
6.4.3 Field Operations during the Replanting of Clonal Tea . 302
6.4.4 Infilling.......................306
7 Suwnary........................307
References............................311
Appendix: Maps
|
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| discipline | Geowissenschaften Agrarwissenschaft Wirtschaftswissenschaften Pflanzenbau |
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| geographic | Sri Lanka (DE-588)4009696-8 gnd |
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| id | DE-604.BV002618696 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:47:29Z |
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| isbn | 3823611739 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001682999 |
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| physical | V, 320 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1989 |
| publishDateSearch | 1989 |
| publishDateSort | 1989 |
| publisher | Margraf |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Tropical agriculture |
| series2 | Tropical agriculture |
| spelling | Fuchs, Hans-Joachim Verfasser aut Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka Weikersheim Margraf 1989 V, 320 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Tropical agriculture 5 Zugl.: Mainz, Univ., Diss., 1988 u.d.T.: Ecological impacts on the tea production in Sri Lanka Ökologie Tea Ecology Sri Lanka Tea Yields Sri Lanka Tea Sri Lanka Bodenerosion (DE-588)4007367-1 gnd rswk-swf Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 gnd rswk-swf Sri Lanka (DE-588)4009696-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Sri Lanka (DE-588)4009696-8 g Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 s Bodenerosion (DE-588)4007367-1 s DE-604 Tropical agriculture 5 (DE-604)BV001899230 5 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001682999&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Fuchs, Hans-Joachim Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka Tropical agriculture Ökologie Tea Ecology Sri Lanka Tea Yields Sri Lanka Tea Sri Lanka Bodenerosion (DE-588)4007367-1 gnd Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4007367-1 (DE-588)4184592-4 (DE-588)4009696-8 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_auth | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_exact_search | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_full | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_fullStr | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_short | Tea environments and yield in Sri Lanka |
| title_sort | tea environments and yield in sri lanka |
| topic | Ökologie Tea Ecology Sri Lanka Tea Yields Sri Lanka Tea Sri Lanka Bodenerosion (DE-588)4007367-1 gnd Teeanbau (DE-588)4184592-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökologie Tea Ecology Sri Lanka Tea Yields Sri Lanka Tea Sri Lanka Bodenerosion Teeanbau Sri Lanka Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001682999&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV001899230 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fuchshansjoachim teaenvironmentsandyieldinsrilanka |