The global water cycle: geochemistry and environment
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Prentice-Hall
1987
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 397 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0133571955 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Berner, Elizabeth Kay |d 1936- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1055800085 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The global water cycle |b geochemistry and environment |c Elizabeth K. Berner ; Robert A. Berner |
| 264 | 1 | |a Englewood Cliffs, NJ |b Prentice-Hall |c 1987 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 397 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Water cycle | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chimie de l'environnement | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Chimie de l'environnement |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cycle hydrologique | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Cycle hydrologique |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Eau - Chimie | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Eau - Chimie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Géochimie | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Géochimie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Océanographie | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Océanographie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geochemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hydrologic cycle | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oceanography | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Water chemistry | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Berner, Robert A. |d 1935-2005 |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)14024249X |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001564723&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001564723 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804116833911963648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The global water cycle
Autor: Berner, Elizabeth K.
Jahr: 1987
Contents
PREFACE Xjji
1 WA TER: AN IMPORTANT AND UNIQUE SUBSTANCE 1
Introduction 1
Water Structure 3
Structure of the Water Molecule, 3 I Hydrogen Bonding, 4
Physical and Chemical Properties of Liquid Water 5
Density, 5 I Melting and Boiling Points, 8 I Heat
Capacity, 9 I Heat of Vaporization, 9 I Surface
Tension, 9 I Absorption of Radiation, 9 I Water as a
Solvent, 10
2 THE WATER AND ENERGY CYCLES: OCEANIC AND 12
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Introduction: Major Water Masses 12
The Water Cycle 13
Fluxes between Reservoirs, 13 I Geographic Variations in
Precipitation and Evaporation, 15 I Origin of Water on the
Earth, 18
vii
viii Contents
Energy for the Water Cycle: The Energy Cycle 20
Introduction, 20 I Radiation and Energy Balance, 20 I
Variations in Solar Radiation: The Atmospheric and Oceanic Heat
Engine, 24
Circulation of the Atmosphere 28
Oceanic Circulation 30
Introduction, 30 I Wind-Driven (Shallow) Circulation, 31 I
Coastal Upwelling, 32 I Thermohaline (Deep) Circulation, 33
Carbon Dioxide and the Atmospheric Greenhouse 35
Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide—Present, Past, and Future, 36 I
Climatic and Hydrologie Effects of CO2 (and Trace Gas)
Increase, 40
3 RAINWATER AND ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 47
Introduction 47
Formation of Rain (and Snow) 48
Water Vapor in the Atmosphere, 48 I Condensation, 51 I
Sublimation, 52 I Rain (and Snow) Formation, 52 I Air
Motion in Cloud Formation, 53
Aerosols 54
Types of Aerosols, 54 I Sea-Salt Particles, 56 I Soil and
Mineral Dust—Continental Aerosols, 58 I Volcanic
Particles, 59 I Biogenic Aerosols and Aerosols from Forest
Burning, 60 I Gaseous Emissions, 60 I Other Anthropogenic
Aerosols, 61
Dry Deposition of Aerosols 61
Chemical Composition of Rainwater: General
Characteristics 62
Na + , Mg+ + , K + , Ca++, and Cl in Rain 70
Gases and Rain 83
Gas-Rainwater Reactions, 83 I Gases and Cl~ in Rain, 85
Sulfate in Rain: The Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle 85
Sea-Salt Sulfate, 86 I Anthropogenic SO2, 86 I Conversion of
Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfate in Rain, 89 I Sulfate from the Natural
Biogenic Production of Reduced Sulfur Gases, 92 I Volcanic
Sulfur, 94 I Forest Burning, 95 I Soil Dust Sulfate, 95 I
Plant Aerosols, 95 I Sulfate Deposition in Rain, 96 I Dry
Deposition of Sulfur, 97 I Atmospheric Sulfur Cycle, 98
Contents ix
Nitrogen in Rain: The Atmospheric Nitrogen Cycle 102
N2, Nitrogen Fixation, and Total Mitrogen Fluxes, 102 I
Organic Nitrogen in Rain, 104 I Nitrate in Rain: Natural
Sources, 104 I Nitrate in Rain: Anthropogenic Sources 109 I
Nitrate Deposition in Rain and the Nitrate-Nitrogen Cycle, 111 I
Ammonium in Rain: Atmospheric Ammonium-Nitrogen
Cycle, 113 I (NH4)2 SOt Aerosol Formation: Interaction of N
and S Cycles, 119
Acid Rain 120
The ñ Ç ofNatural Rainwater, 120 I Acid Rain from
Pollution, 122 I Problems in Distinguishing Naturally Acid
Rain from that Due to Pollution, 129 I Effects of Acid
Rain, 131
4 SOIL WATER AND GROUNDWATER: WEATHERING 142
Introduction and Hydrologie Terminology 142
Biogeochemical Cycling in Forests 144
Soil Water and Microorganisms: Acid Production 148
Chemical Weathering 149
Minerals Involved in Weathering, 149 I Mechanism of Silicate
Dissolution, 152 I Silicate Weathering Reactions: Secondary
Mineral Formation, 155 I Silicate Weathering: Soil
Formation, 161 I Carbonate Weathering, 163 I Sulfide
Weathering, 164
Groundwaters and Weathering 165
Garreis Model for the Composition of Groundwaters from
Igneous Rocks, 167 I Origin of Major Constituents of
Groundwater: A Summary, 171
5 RIVERS 174
Introduction 174
River-Water Components, 174 I River Runoff, 175 I Major
World Rivers, 176
Suspended Matter in Rivers 178
Total Amount of Suspended Matter, 178 i Human
Influence, 183 I Chemical Composition of Suspended
Matter, 187
÷ Contents
Chemical Composition of Rivers 189
World Average River Water, 189 I Chemical Classification of
Rivers, 193
Major Dissolved Components of River Water 205
Chloride and Cyclic Salt, 205 I Sodium, 208 I
Potassium, 209 I Calcium and Magnesium, 211 I
Bicarbonate (HCOj), 212 I Silica, 214 I Sulfate, 216 I
Sulfate Pollution and Acidic Rivers, 218 I Organic Matter, 221
Chemical and Total Denudation of the Continents as Deduced
from River-Water Composition 224
Nutrients in River Water 227
Nitrogen in Rivers: The Terrestrial Nitrogen Cycle, 227 I
Phosphorus in Rivers: The Terrestrial Phosphorus Cycle, 231
6 LAKES 241
Introduction 241
Physical Processes in Lakes 242
Water Balance, 242 I Thermal Regimes and Lake
Classification, 244 I Lake Models, 247
Biological Processes in Lakes as They Affect Water
Composition 252
Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Biological Cycling, 252 I
Eutrophication, 254 I Limiting Nutrients, 259 I Phosphorus
Cycle in Lakes, 262 I Sources of Phosphorus in Lakes, 264
Pollutive Changes in Major Lakes: Potential Loading 268
Acid Lakes 271
Saline and Alkaline Lakes 279
7 MARGINAL MARINE ENVIRONMENTS: ESTUARIES 287
Introduction 287
Estuaries 288
Circulation and Classification, 288 I Estuarine Chemistry:
Conservative versus Nonconservative Mixing, 292 I Estuarine
Chemical Processes, 295 I Inorganic Removal in
Estuaries, 296 I Biogenic Nutrient Removal in Estuaries:
Nitrogen and Phosphorus, 301 I Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and
Limiting Nutrients, 303 I Biogenic Silica Removal in
Estuaries, 306 I Eutrophication and Organic Matter Pollution
of Estuaries, 307
Contents xi
Suspended Sediment Deposition in Marginal Marine
Environments 309
Antiestuaries and Evaporite Formation 315
8 THE OCEANS 324
Introduction 324
Chemical Composition of Seawater 325
Modelling Seawater Composition 329
Sillérìs Equilibrium Model, 329 I Oceanic Box Models, 331 I
Continuum Models, 332
Energy Sources for Chemical Reactions 333
Major Processes of Seawater Modification 334
Biological Processes, 334 I Volcanic-Seawater Reaction, 346 I
Interaction with Detrital Solids, 351
Chemical Budgets for Individual Elements 356
Summary of Processes, 356 I Chloride, 356 / Sodium, 359 I
Sulfate, 361 I Magnesium, 362 I Potassium, 363 I
Calcium, 365 I Bicarbonate, 369 I Silica, 371 I
Phosphorus, 373 I Nitrogen, 376
ÍNDEX 385
|
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| id | DE-604.BV002411074 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:44:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0133571955 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIV, 397 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1987 |
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| publisher | Prentice-Hall |
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| spelling | Berner, Elizabeth Kay 1936- Verfasser (DE-588)1055800085 aut The global water cycle geochemistry and environment Elizabeth K. Berner ; Robert A. Berner Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall 1987 XIV, 397 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Water cycle Chimie de l'environnement Chimie de l'environnement ram Cycle hydrologique Cycle hydrologique ram Eau - Chimie Eau - Chimie ram Géochimie Géochimie ram Océanographie Océanographie ram Environmental chemistry Geochemistry Hydrologic cycle Oceanography Water chemistry Berner, Robert A. 1935-2005 Verfasser (DE-588)14024249X aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001564723&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Berner, Elizabeth Kay 1936- Berner, Robert A. 1935-2005 The global water cycle geochemistry and environment Water cycle Chimie de l'environnement Chimie de l'environnement ram Cycle hydrologique Cycle hydrologique ram Eau - Chimie Eau - Chimie ram Géochimie Géochimie ram Océanographie Océanographie ram Environmental chemistry Geochemistry Hydrologic cycle Oceanography Water chemistry |
| title | The global water cycle geochemistry and environment |
| title_auth | The global water cycle geochemistry and environment |
| title_exact_search | The global water cycle geochemistry and environment |
| title_full | The global water cycle geochemistry and environment Elizabeth K. Berner ; Robert A. Berner |
| title_fullStr | The global water cycle geochemistry and environment Elizabeth K. Berner ; Robert A. Berner |
| title_full_unstemmed | The global water cycle geochemistry and environment Elizabeth K. Berner ; Robert A. Berner |
| title_short | The global water cycle |
| title_sort | the global water cycle geochemistry and environment |
| title_sub | geochemistry and environment |
| topic | Water cycle Chimie de l'environnement Chimie de l'environnement ram Cycle hydrologique Cycle hydrologique ram Eau - Chimie Eau - Chimie ram Géochimie Géochimie ram Océanographie Océanographie ram Environmental chemistry Geochemistry Hydrologic cycle Oceanography Water chemistry |
| topic_facet | Water cycle Chimie de l'environnement Cycle hydrologique Eau - Chimie Géochimie Océanographie Environmental chemistry Geochemistry Hydrologic cycle Oceanography Water chemistry |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001564723&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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