Techniques of process control:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
Wiley
1964
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 303 S. |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | TECHNIQUES
OF PROCESS
CONTROL
Page S Buckley
Engineering Department
E I duPont de Nemours amp; Company
Wilmington, Delaware
JOHN WILEY amp; SONS, INC
NEW YORK • LONDON • SYDNEY
Contents
1 Introduction, 1
1 1 Historical Development, 1
1 2 Current Trends, 1
1 3 Concepts of Process Control, 5
1 4 Process Control Conventions, 6
PART ONE MATHEMATICS FOR PROCESS CON
TROL, 9
2 Laplace Transformation, 11
2 1 Complex Numbers and Complex Arithmetic,
2 2 Differential Equations, 12
2 3 The Laplace Transformation, 13
3 Frequency Response Plots, 19
3 1 Fundamentals of Bode Plots, 19
3 2 Functions of the Form,y / n, 20
3 3 Functions of the Form (rjw + l)n, 22
3 4 Quadratic Function, 25
3 5 Dead Time, 26
3 6 Functions of the Form (1 — e~ aa)l jo j , 26
3 7 Plotting Aids, 27
3 8 Method of Plotting Functions with Multiple
Terms, 27
4 Signal Flow Block Diagrams, 32
4 1 Block Diagram Symbolism, 32
4 2 The Primitive Block Diagram, 33
4 3 Block Diagram Algebra, 34
5 Perturbation Techniques, 37
5 1 Use of Perturbation Variables, 37
5 2 Variable Coefficients, 38
5 3 Nonlinear Functions, 39
5 4 Response Equations for Feedback Systems, 39
6 The z-Transformation, 41
6 1 Sampling of Continuous Signals, 41
6 2 z-Transforms and Their Properties, 42
6 3 Pulse Transfer Functions, 42
6 4 z-Transform of Combination of Networks, 43
6 5 Inverse z-Transformation, 44
PART TWO PROCESS CONTROL THEORY, 45
7 The Process Network, 47
7 1 Classification of Networks, 47
7 2 Important Network Concepts, 47
7 3 Mathematical Elements of Network or
System, 48
7 4 Common Forcing Functions, 50
7 5 Common Systems, 51
8 Stability, 52
8 1 Concepts of Stability, 52
8 2 Nyquist Criterion, 53
8 3 Magnitude-Phase Plot (Nichols Plot), 54
8 4 Use of Magnitude versus Phase Chart, 55
8 5 Relative Stability and Frequency Response, 59
9 Compensation, 61
9 1 Objectives, 61
9 2 Reduction of Steady-State Error to Zero:
Time Domain Approach, 61
9 3 Reduction of Steady-State Error to Zero:
Frequency Domain Approach, 63
9 4 High-Frequency Compensation, 65
9 5 Control Functions Commonly Used in the
Process Industries, 67
9 6 Nonsetpoint Control, 69
ix
x Techniques of process control
9 7 Feedforward Control, 70
9 8 Effects of Parametric Forcing and Non-
linearities on Control System Behavior, 72
10 v Synthesis, 75
10J Selection of Suitable Compensation, 75
10 2~Axljustment of Compensation Parameters, 76
10 3 Rapid Estimating Techniques, 77
11 Sampled-Data Control Systems, 81
11 1 Hold Circuits, 81
11 2 Sampled-Data Control Systems with Con
tinuous Controllers, 82
11 3 Sampled-Data Control Systems with
Sampled-Data Controllers, 83
11 4 Compensation of Sampled-Data Control
Systems, 84
11 5 An Illustration, 85
11 6 Applications of Sampled-Data Control, 87
12 Dead Time and Distributed-Parameter Control
Systems, 88
12 1 Introduction, 88
12 2 Dead Time Approximations, 88
12 3 Pure Dead Time and Conventional Con
trollers, 88
12 4 Feedforward Compensation, 91
12 5 Smith Linear Predictor for Dead Time
Process, 92
12 6 Sampled-Data Control for Dead Time
Processes, 95
12 7 Control of Distributed-Parameter Processes,
13 Overall Process Control, 98
13 1 Introduction, 98
13 2 Material Balance Control, 99
13 3 Product Quality Control, 102
13 4 Process Control and Process Design, 103
13 5 Troublesome Situations, 104
13 6 Advanced Control Concepts and Computer
Control, 106
13 7 System Identification, 108
13 8 Process Control and Process Development,
13 9 Process Control and Process Operation, 110
PART THREE DYNAMICS OF FLUID FLOW SYS
TEMS, 113
14 Acoustic and Hydraulic Circuit Elements, 115
14 1 Capacitance, 116
14 2 Inertance, 118
14 3 Resistance, 118
15 Dynamics of Valves, Pumps, and Piping, 122
15 1 Automatic Control Valves, 122
15 2 Pumps, 125
15 3 Fluid Flow Lines, 129
15 4 Fluid Flow Lines with Centrifugal Pumps
and Valves, 132
15 5 Valve Sizing and Valve Turndown, 135
16 Pulsation Damping, 138
16 1 Reduction of Pressure Pulsations at Pump
Discharge (or Suction), 139
16 2 Reduction of Pressure Pulsations at End of
Line, 139
16 3 Reduction of Flow Pulsations at Output
End of Line, 140
16 4 Notch Pulsation Dampers, 140
16 5 Active-Circuit Pulsation Dampers, 141
16 6 Distributed-Parameter Pulsation Dampers,
16 7 Accumulators, 147
17 Flow Control Systems, 149
17 1 Introduction, 149
17 2 Control of Flow between Two Sources of
Pressure, 150
17 3 Control of Flow When System Includes a
Centrifugal Pump or Fan, 153
17 4 Flow Systems Using Positive-Displacement
Pumps, 155
17 5 Flow Ratio Control, 157
17 6 Parallel Flow Systems, 160
18 Pressure and Liquid Level Control Systems, 162
18 1 General Pressure Control System, 162
18 2 General Liquid Level Control System, 164
18 3 Averaging Control, 167
18 4 Cascade Level-Flow Control, 180
18 5 Material Balance Control, 182
18 6 True Level Control, 187
18 7 Interactions between Liquid-Level Measur
ing Instruments and the Process, 187
18 8 Simple Manometers, 191
19 Dynamics of Mixing and Blending, 193
19 1 Single Tank—Perfect Mixing, 193
19 2 Multiple Tanks—Perfect Mixing, 195
19 3 Effect of Recycle, 196
19 4 An Alternate Approach, 198
20 Blending and Product Quality Control, 200
20 1 Quality Control System with Continuous
Measurement, 201
20 2 Quality Control System with Intermittent
Measurements, 208
Contents xi
20 3 Strategy for Extreme Off-Specification
Material, 211
20 4 Scheduled Change of Quality, 212
PART FOUR DYNAMICS OF HEAT TRANSFER SYS
TEMS, 215
21 Thermal Circuit Elements, 217
21 1 Thermal Resistance, 217
21 2 Thermal Capacitance, 218
22 Dynamics of Temperature Measurement, 219
22 1 General Treatment, 219
22 2 Determination of Film Resistance, Rf,220
22 3 Dynamics of Liquid-Filled Temperature
Detectors, 221
23 Simple Heat Exchangers with No Phase Change,
23 1 Heat Exchanger with Fluids Well Mixed on
Each Side, 223
23 2 Heat Exchanger with No Axial Mixing, 225
24 Condensers, 228
24 1 Jntroduction, 228
24 2 Condenser with Well-Mixed Coolant, 228
24 3 Condenser with No Axial Mixing of Coolant,
25 Reboilers, 233
25 1 Heating-Side Dynamics, 233
25 2 Boiling-Side Dynamics, 235
25 3 Overall Dynamics, 235
26 Temperature Control of Simple Heat Exchangers,
26 1 Simple Control Systems, 237
26 2 Feedforward Control, 240
26 3 Bypass-Control Schemes, 242
26 4 Other Control Techniques, 243
PART FIVE CONTROL OF DISTILLATION COL
UMNS, 245
27 Introduction to Control of Distillation Columns, 247
27 1 Distillation Control Objectives, 247
27 2 Fundamentals of Column Operation, 248
27 3 Implications for Steady-State Composition
Control, 249
27 4 Compensation for Disturbances Other than
Those in Feed Rate and Feed Composition,
27 5 Strategy for Column Controls, 251
28 Column Dynamics, 256
28 1 Basic Tray Dynamics, 256
28 2 Feed Tray Dynamics, 257
28 3 Top Tray and Overhead System Composi
tion Dynamics, 258
28 4 Reboiler Composition Dynamics, 261
28 5 Column Pressure Control via Condenser
Cooling Water Manipulation, 261
28 6 Column Impedance as Seen by Reboiler, 262
28 7 Overall Column Composition Dynamics, 264
2) Some Practical Aspects of Distillation Control, 265
29 1 Overhead System Design, 265
29 2 Bottoms System Design, 271
29 3 Feed System Design, 272
29 4 Feedback Composition Control, 274
29 5 Alarms and Interlocks, 277
29 6 Comments on Some Occasionally En
countered Fractionator Control Systems, 277
30 Computer Control of Fractionators, 279
30 1 Internal Reflux Control, 279
30 2 Feed Enthalpy Control, 280
30 3 Feedforward Control, 280
30 4 Optimization, 281
Nomenclature, 283
Appendices
1 Laplace Transforms, 287
2 z-Transforms, 291
3 Signal Flow Diagram Transformations, 294
4 Amplitude and Phase Shift for 1 — e~ j u and
ju
5 Decibel Chart, 297
6 Plot of e~ 1 vs tjr, 298
Index, 299
|
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| spelling | Buckley, Page S. Verfasser aut Techniques of process control New York Wiley 1964 XI, 303 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Commande automatique Génie chimique Automatic control Chemical engineering Chemical process control Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 gnd rswk-swf Prozessregelung (DE-588)4222919-4 gnd rswk-swf Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 s Prozessregelung (DE-588)4222919-4 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001495165&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Buckley, Page S. Techniques of process control Commande automatique Génie chimique Automatic control Chemical engineering Chemical process control Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 gnd Prozessregelung (DE-588)4222919-4 gnd |
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| title | Techniques of process control |
| title_auth | Techniques of process control |
| title_exact_search | Techniques of process control |
| title_full | Techniques of process control |
| title_fullStr | Techniques of process control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Techniques of process control |
| title_short | Techniques of process control |
| title_sort | techniques of process control |
| topic | Commande automatique Génie chimique Automatic control Chemical engineering Chemical process control Verfahrenstechnik (DE-588)4062781-0 gnd Prozessregelung (DE-588)4222919-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Commande automatique Génie chimique Automatic control Chemical engineering Chemical process control Verfahrenstechnik Prozessregelung |
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