Frequency selectivity in hearing:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Acad. Press
1986
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 492 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0125056257 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Frequency selectivity in hearing |c Brian C. J. Moore |
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Acad. Press |c 1986 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Auditory Perception | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Frequency selectivity in hearing
Autor: Moore, Brian C. J.
Jahr: 1986
Contents
Contributors ............ v
Preface............. vii
1 Frequency selectivity in the auditory periphery
G. K. YATES 1
1 Introduction ......... 1
2 The middle ear 2
3 Inner ear 4
A Anatomy 4
B Steady state electrical potentials .... 6
C Gross stimulus-related potentials .... 7
D Basilar membrane motion 11
E Intracellular responses from hair cells ... 30
F Cochlear acoustic emissions 37
4 Conclusion and summary 39
References ......... 41
2 The neurophysiological basis of frequency selectivity
J. O. PICKLES 51
1 Introduction 51
2 History of our ideas on neural frequency selectivity. . 52
3 The foundations of neural frequency selectivity . . 53
A Frequency selectivity in the auditory nerve . . 53
B Frequency selectivity in the auditory central
nervous system 74
C Comparison of responses in the different
stages of the auditory system .... 79
4 Frequency resolution as a function of type and intensity
of stimulation 81
A Frequency resolution to different stimuli . . 81
B Frequency resolution as a function of stimulus
intensity 86
C Frequency resolution to the stimuli used in
tests of psychophysical frequency selectivity. . 89
5 Auditory nerve responses to speech sounds ... 94
A Mean-rate analysis 94
B Temporal analysis 96
C Conclusions 102
6 The dynamic range problem 102
xi
xii Contents
1 Frequency resolution in impaired cochleae . . . 105
A Changes in the frequency selectivity of
cochlear responses . . . . . . 105
B Changes in the auditory nerve . . . . 107
8 Conclusions and summary. . . . . . . 111
References . . . . . . . . . 112
3 Auditory filters and excitation patterns as
representations of frequency resolution
R. D. PATTERSON and B. C. J. MOORE 123
1 Introduction 123
A The original critical band 124
2 The shape of the auditory filter 1 26
A The limitations of the rectangular filter shape. . 126
B The measurement of the auditory filter
shape .......... 128
C Off-frequency listening 129
D The rounded-exponential filter shape . . . 132
E The measurement of filter asymmetry . . . 1 38
3 Variation of the filter shape with centre frequency,
age, and level 139
A Variation with centre frequency . . . . 139
B Variation with age 140
C Variation with level 143
4 Other methods for determining the auditory filter
shape 145
A Band-limiting experiments . . . . . 145
B Two-tone masking experiments . . . . 145
C Rippled-noise experiments . . . . . 147
5 Separating frequency selectivity from processing
efficiency 150
6 Psychophysical tuning curves. . . . . . 152
A Variation of PTC shape with signal frequency
and level 153
B Beats 155
C Combination tones 157
D Off-frequency listening . . . . . . 158
7 Using the excitation-pattern model to explain the
effect of stimulus level on PTCs 163
A Sensation level and the width of the PTC tip. . 163
B Level-dependent excitation patterns and
the PTC 165
C The overall influence of level effects . . . 166
8 Recommended method for measuring PTCs . . . 168
9 Masked audiograms and excitation patterns . . . 169
10 Summary and conclusions 172
Acknowledgements 174
References 174
Contents xiii
4 The use of nonsimultaneous masking to
measure frequency selectivity and suppression
B. C. J. MOORE and B. J. O LOUGHLIN 179
1 Introduction — reasons for studying nonsimultaneous
masking 179
2 Major differences between simultaneous and
nonsimultaneous masking 181
A Suppression effects in nonsimultaneous
masking . . . . . . . . . 181
B Enhanced tuning in nonsimultaneous
masking 183
3 How suppression may explain the differences
between simultaneous and nonsimultaneous
masking 187
A Suppression effects . . . . . . 187
B Enhanced frequency selectivity in
nonsimultaneous masking 189
4 The role of cues 191
5 Off-frequency listening and its role in PTCs . . . 197
A The concept of off-frequency listening . . 197
B Demonstrations of the effects of off-frequency
listening 198
C The effect of slope changes with level. . . 204
D Off-frequency listening and spectral
spreading 206
E Conclusions ........ 207
6 The decay of masking in forward masking . . . 207
7 An alternative explanation for differences in tuning
between simultaneous and forward masking . . . 214
8 Problems with the pulsation-threshold method . . 216
9 The nature of suppression: distributed attenuation or
simple attenuation 220
10 Magnitude of suppression as a function of the
relative level of the suppressed tone . . . . 231
11 Suppressive interactions between components. . . 233
1 2 The enhancement of frequency selectivity produced
by suppression 236
13 General conclusions ....... 242
Acknowledgements 244
References ......... 244
5 The role of frequency selectivity in the
perception of loudness, pitch and time
B. C. J. MOORE and B. R. GLASBERG 251
1 Introduction: the excitation pattern .... 251
2 Loudness 255
A Definition and measurement of loudness. . . 255
B A model for calculating loudness .... 256
C Loudness as a function of loudness level. . . 257
D Loudness as a function of bandwidth . . . 257
E General discussion on loudness .... 263
xiv Contents
3 Relationship of frequency selectivity to frequency
discrimination of pure tones 264
A Variation of predicted and obtained values
of the DLF with Frequency 267
B Frequency difference limens for short-duration
tones 270
C Comparison of frequency and intensity DLs for
monaural and dichotic modes of presentation. . 273
D The detection of combined changes in frequency
and intensity 275
E Evidence from hearing-impaired patients. . . 276
F General conclusions on the relationship between
frequency selectivity and frequency discrimination. 278
4 The role of frequency selectivity in the perception of
the pitch of complex tones 279
A The audibility of partials in complex tones. . . 282
B Evidence favouring the pattern recognition
models 284
C Difficulties for the pattern recognition models. . 287
D How is information about the components
signalled to the pitch extractor? .... 290
E A model for the pitch perception of complex
tones 291
5 Relation of temporal acuity to frequency selectivity. . 297
6 General conclusions ....... 301
Acknowledgements 302
References 302
6 Frequency resolution in hearing-impaired listeners
R. S. TYLER 309
1 Introduction 309
A Conductive hearing loss. . . . . . 310
B The requirement of a change in threshold. . . 310
C Appropriate levels to compare normal and
hearing-impaired listeners. . . . . . 310
D The amount of masking or the masked
threshold? 311
2 Masking of pure tones by broadband noise . . . 312
A Introduction 312
B Review 312
C Summary 322
3 The spread of masking 322
A Introduction 322
B Review 323
C Summary ........ 332
4 Psychoacoustical tuning curves 332
A Introduction 332
B Review ......... 333
C Summary 340
5 Spectrally complex maskers 341
Contents xv
A Introduction 341
B Review 341
C Summary 347
6 Nonsimultaneous masking 347
A Introduction ........ 347
B Review 348
C Summary 351
7 Loudness and the critical bandwidth 351
A Introduction 351
B Review 353
C Summary 355
8 Stapedius-reflex critical bandwidths 357
A Introduction 357
B Review 357
C Summary 359
9 Conclusions ......... 360
A Individual differences 360
B Differential diagnosis 361
C Clinical application 361
D Relationship to other auditory abilities . . . 362
Acknowledgements 363
References 363
7 Frequency selectivity and the perception of speech
S.M.ROSEN and A. J. FOURCIN 373
1 Introduction and orientation 373
2 Basic articulatory and acoustic properties of
speech 374
A Functional anatomy 374
B Acoustic features 381
C Three caveats 389
3 The role of frequency selectivity in normal and
impaired speech perception 392
A Static and dynamic fundamental frequency
patterns 393
B Static spectral patterns 418
C Dynamic patterns of spectral change . . . 448
D Masking of speech by extraneous sounds . . 457
4 Compensating for impaired frequency selectivity . . 465
A Formant separation by ear 466
B Spectral pattern sharpening 467
C Spectral transposition 470
D Fundamental frequency pattern simplification
and mapping 471
E Choosing appropriate frequency emphasis . . 473
F Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. . . . 473
5 Final comments 474
6 Suggestions for further reading 475
Acknowledgements 475
References 476
Index 489
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| spelling | Frequency selectivity in hearing Brian C. J. Moore London [u.a.] Acad. Press 1986 XV, 492 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Auditory Perception Auditory perception Hearing Hören (DE-588)4025405-7 gnd rswk-swf Trennschärfe Technik (DE-588)4381330-6 gnd rswk-swf Frequenz (DE-588)4121292-7 gnd rswk-swf Hören (DE-588)4025405-7 s Frequenz (DE-588)4121292-7 s Trennschärfe Technik (DE-588)4381330-6 s DE-604 Moore, Brian C. J. Sonstige (DE-588)140102434 oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001493561&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Frequency selectivity in hearing Auditory Perception Auditory perception Hearing Hören (DE-588)4025405-7 gnd Trennschärfe Technik (DE-588)4381330-6 gnd Frequenz (DE-588)4121292-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4025405-7 (DE-588)4381330-6 (DE-588)4121292-7 |
| title | Frequency selectivity in hearing |
| title_auth | Frequency selectivity in hearing |
| title_exact_search | Frequency selectivity in hearing |
| title_full | Frequency selectivity in hearing Brian C. J. Moore |
| title_fullStr | Frequency selectivity in hearing Brian C. J. Moore |
| title_full_unstemmed | Frequency selectivity in hearing Brian C. J. Moore |
| title_short | Frequency selectivity in hearing |
| title_sort | frequency selectivity in hearing |
| topic | Auditory Perception Auditory perception Hearing Hören (DE-588)4025405-7 gnd Trennschärfe Technik (DE-588)4381330-6 gnd Frequenz (DE-588)4121292-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Auditory Perception Auditory perception Hearing Hören Trennschärfe Technik Frequenz |
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