Principles of mineral behaviour:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Blackwell Scientific Publ.
1980
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Geoscience texts
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 257 S. Ill., graph.Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0632005831 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Putnis, Andrew |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Principles of mineral behaviour |c A. Putnis ; J. D. C. McConnell |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Blackwell Scientific Publ. |c 1980 | |
| 300 | |a X, 257 S. |b Ill., graph.Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Geoscience texts |v 1 | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Blackwell scientific publications | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mineralogy | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Phase rule and equilibrium | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Mineralogie |0 (DE-588)4039457-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a MacConnell, J. D. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1157365620 |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Geoscience texts |v 1 |w (DE-604)BV001896368 |9 1 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804116704318455808 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface, ix
Acknowledgements, x
Mineral Behaviour—An Introduction, i
1.1 Mineral transformations, I
i.i.i Polymorphism, I
i. i .2 Order-disorder transformations, 2
1.1.3 Exsolution, 3
1.2 Electron microscopy and diffraction, 3
1.3 Thermodynamics, 7
1.4 Mechanisms of transformations, 7
1.5 Diffusion, 9
1.6 Kinetics, II
1.7 Mineral transformations and thermal history, 13
Minerals at High Temperatures, 16
2.1 Atomic freedom and disorder, 16
2.1.1 Positional disorder, 16
2.1.2 Distortional disorder, 17
2.1.3 Substitutional disorder, 18
2.2 Disorder and entropy, 20
2.3 Internal energy, 21
2.4 Solid solutions, 23
2.4.1 Atomic substitution, 23
2.4.2 Omissional solid solution, 24
2.4.3 Interstitial solid solution, 24
2.4.4 The effect of temperature, 25
Mineral Structures, 26
A Simple mineral structures, 26
3.1 Close-packing of spheres, 27
3.1.1 Interstitial sites in close-packed structures, 28
3.1.2 Sizes of interstitial sites, 29
3.1.3 Positions of interstitial sites in close-packed structures, 29
3.2 Mineral structures based on close-packing, 30
3.2.1 Hexagonal close-packed structures with tetrahedral sites occupied, 31
3.2.2 Hexagonal close-packed structures with octahedral sites occupied, 33
3.2.3 Cubic close-packed structures with tetrahedral sites occupied, 36
3.2.4 Cubic close-packed structures with octahedral sites occupied, 37
3.2.5 Cubic close-packed structures with both tetrahedral and octahedral sites
partly occupied, 38
B More complex mineral structures—the silicates, 40
3.3 Silicates with isolated SiO4 groups, 42
3.3.1 The olivines, 42
3.3.2 The garnets, 43
3.4 Chain silicates, 45
3.4.1 The pyroxenes, 46
3.4.2 The amphiboles, 50
3.5 Layered silicates, 53
3.6 Framework silicates, 55
3.6.1 The silica minerals, 55
3.6.2 The feldspars, 56
Some Basic Thermodynamics, 63
4.1 Stability and equilibrium, 63
4.2 Free energy, 65
4.3 Reversible and irreversible changes, 67
4.4 Solid solutions, 68
4.4.1 The free energy of solid solutions, 68
4.4.2 The effect of temperature on the G(x) curve, 73
4.5 The phase diagram, 74
4.5.1 Solid solutions with a simple solvus, 75
4.5.2 The case where one end member undergoes a polymorphic
transformation, 77
4.5.3 The case where both end members undergo polymorphic
transformations, 80
4.6 The Gibbs phase rule, 82
4.7 Free energy-composition curves and departures from equilibrium behaviour, 83
4.8 Order-disorder transformations, 84
4.9 Appendix—Activities of components in solid solutions, 85
Processes in Minerals, 88
5.1 Classification of transformations, 88
5.1.1 Discontinuous and continuous transformations, 88
5.1.2 Reconstructive and displacive transformations, 90
5.1.3 The experimental study of phase transformations—the high-low quartz
transformation, 91
5.1.4 First and second order transformations, 93
5.1.5 Transformation kinetics—metastability and alternative behaviour, 94
5.1.6 Metastable crystallization, 97
5.2 Nucleation of new phases, 98
5.2.1 Homogeneous nucleation, 1 o 1
5.2.2 Heterogeneous nucleation, 103
5.2.3 The equilibrium solvus and the coherent solvus, 104
5.2.4 Growth of precipitates, 105
5.2.5 Precipitate coarsening, 107
5.3 Spinodal decomposition, 107
5.3.1 Compositional limits of spinodal behaviour, 107
5.3.2 Spinodal decomposition as alternative metastable behaviour, in
5.3.3 Strain energy and the coherent spinodal, in
5.3.4 The wavelength and amplitude of spinodal modulations, 112
5.3.5 Conditions necessary for spinodal decomposition, 113
5.4 Transitional phases, 114
5.5 Order-disorder transformations, 117
5.5.1 Some crystallographic aspects of ordering, 117
5.5.2 Ordered domains and boundaries, 119
5.5.3 Conservative and non-conservative antiphase boundaries, 122
5.5.4 Non-stoichiometry and ordering, 123
5.5.5 Degrees of order, 125
5.5.6 Continuous and discontinuous ordering process, 126
5.5.7 Ordering as alternative metastable behaviour, 129
5.6 Diffusion, 131
5.6.1 Atomic flux, Fick s laws and D, 131
5.6.2 Solutions to Fick s laws and the determination of D, 134
5.6.3 Atomic mechanisms of diffusion, 136
5.6.4 The variation of D with temperature, 138
Kinetics, 140
6.1 The activated state, 140
6.1.1 Enthalpy and entropy of activation, 141
6.1.2 The rate of thermally activated processes, 142
6.2 The kinetics of nucleation and growth, 144
6.3 The Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) diagram, 145
6.3.1 TTT curves for homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, 147
6.3.2 TTT curves for the formation of transitional phases, 148
6.3.3 The TTT curve for spinodal processes, 148
6.3.4 TTT curves and cooling rates, 149
6.3.5 TTT curves with rising temperature, 151
6.3.6 The importance of the TTT description of processes, 153
6.4 The effect of cooling rate on the scale of exsolution tectures, 154
6.4.1 Stranded diffusion profiles, 155
6.4.2 Exsolution textures and cooling rates in Fe-Ni meteorites, 158
Mineral Transformations I—Polymorphic Transformations, 163
7.1 Polymorphic transformations in the feldspar minerals, 163
7.1.1 Transformations in albite, NaAlSi3O8, 163
7.1.2 Ordering in potassium feldspar. Sanidine-orthoclase-microline, 168
7.1.3 Transformations in anorthite, CaAl2Si208, 171
7.1.4 Summary, 173
7.2 Polymorphic transformations in the pyroxenes, 174
7.2.1 The behaviour of pigeonite on cooling, 175
7.3 Transformations in the amphiboles, 179
7.3.1 The kinetics of the Fe2+-Mg2+ exchange reaction in anthophyllite, 180
7.4 Cation ordering at compositions around chalcopyrite, CuFeS2, 183
7.5 Polymorphism in Al2SiO5—andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, 186
7.6 High-pressure phase transformations, 190
7.6.1 Monoclinic-triclinic transformations in sanidine at high pressure, 191
7.6.2 The olivine-spinel transformations, 192
Mineral Transformations II—Transformations Involving
Exsolution, 197
8.1 The cooling behaviour of alkali feldspar solid solutions, 197
8.1.1 Cryptoperthites, 199
8.2 Exsolution processes in the pyroxenes, 204
8.2.1 Exsolution of augite from pigeonite, 205
8.2.2 The exsolution of augite from orthopyroxene, 210
8.3 The kinetics of pyrite exsolution from pyrrhotite solid solution, 211
8.3.1 Effect of supersaturation, 212
8.3.2 Effect of impurities, 213
8.4 Exsolution processes in spinels, 213
8.4.1 Exsolution in the system magnetite-ulvolspinel-pleonaste, 214
8.4.2 Ilmenite exsolution from iron-titanium spinels, 217
8.5 Oxidation exsolution, 220
8.5.1 Oxidation of olivine, 221
8.6 Exsolution in iron-bearing rutile, 225
8.6.1 The exsolution mechanism, 226
8.6.2 The kinetics of the exsolution process, 227
8.6.3 Application to the paragenesis of the rutiles, 227
More Complex Transformation Behaviour, 229
9.1 The transformation behaviour of cubanite, CuFe2S3, 230
9.1.1 Cubanite structures, 230
9.1.2 The metastable behaviour of high cubanite, 230
9.2 Ordering and exsolution in omphacite, 231
9.2.1 Omphacite ordering schemes, 234
9.2.2 Ordering and exsolution, 235
9.2.3 Is omphacite stable at low temperatures ? 236
9.2.4 Omphacite microstructures as Time-Temperature indicators of
metamorphism, 237
9.3 The pyrrhotite problem, 238
9.3.1 FeS and FeiS8, 239
9.3.2 Ordered structures in the intermediate pyrrhotites, 240
9.3.3 The cooling behaviour of pyrrhotite solid solutions, 241
9.3.4 Natural pyrrhotites, 242
9.3.5 Conclusions, 243
9.4 The intermediate plagioclase feldspars, 243
9.4.1 Order-modulated structures in intermediate plagioclase, 245
9.4.2 The Boggild intergrowth, 246
9.4.3 Peristerite intergrowth, 247
9.4.4 The Huttenlocher intergrowth, 249
9.4.5 Summary, 250
Index, 252
|
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| author | Putnis, Andrew MacConnell, J. D. |
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| id | DE-604.BV002248235 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:42:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0632005831 |
| language | English |
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| series2 | Geoscience texts Blackwell scientific publications |
| spelling | Putnis, Andrew Verfasser aut Principles of mineral behaviour A. Putnis ; J. D. C. McConnell 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Blackwell Scientific Publ. 1980 X, 257 S. Ill., graph.Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geoscience texts 1 Blackwell scientific publications Mineralogy Phase rule and equilibrium Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd rswk-swf Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 s DE-604 MacConnell, J. D. Verfasser (DE-588)1157365620 aut Geoscience texts 1 (DE-604)BV001896368 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001477379&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Putnis, Andrew MacConnell, J. D. Principles of mineral behaviour Geoscience texts Mineralogy Phase rule and equilibrium Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039457-8 |
| title | Principles of mineral behaviour |
| title_auth | Principles of mineral behaviour |
| title_exact_search | Principles of mineral behaviour |
| title_full | Principles of mineral behaviour A. Putnis ; J. D. C. McConnell |
| title_fullStr | Principles of mineral behaviour A. Putnis ; J. D. C. McConnell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Principles of mineral behaviour A. Putnis ; J. D. C. McConnell |
| title_short | Principles of mineral behaviour |
| title_sort | principles of mineral behaviour |
| topic | Mineralogy Phase rule and equilibrium Mineralogie (DE-588)4039457-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mineralogy Phase rule and equilibrium Mineralogie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001477379&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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