Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
MacMillan
1981
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | IX, 261 S. Ill., graph.Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0333268202 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants |c L. R. Humphreys |
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| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b MacMillan |c 1981 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Agricultural ecology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grasses |z Tropics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Legumes |x Tropics | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804116703969280000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants
Autor: Humphreys, L. R.
Jahr: 1981
Contents
Preface
Ackno wledgements
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PATTERNS OF GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 7
2.1 The Rationale for Plant Introduction 7
2.2 Grass Distribution 10
2.3 Legume Distribution 14
2.4 Origins of Domesticated Pasture Plants 15
Grass domestication 15
Legume domestication 17
2.5 Current Use of Planted Species in Relation to Climate 18
3. THE CAPACITY FOR GENETIC VARIATION 29
3.1 Self-fertilised Legumes 32
3.2 Cross-fertilised Legumes 40
3.3 Open-pollinated Grasses . 41
3.4 Apomictic Grasses 43
4. SURVIVAL MECHANISMS IN TROPICAL PASTURE
SPECIES 49
4.1 Flowering and Seed Formation 50
Climatic controls of flowering and seed formation 51
Juvenility 51
Variation in influential day length 52
Photoperiod response types 54
Interaction of photoperiodic requirement with temperature 56
Moisture effects on flowering 57
Seed formation 58
Effects of the climatic control of flowering on plant
distribution 59
Effects of soil fertility on flowering and seed formation 62
4.2 Soil Seed Reserves 63
Seed dispersal 63
Seed longevity 64
iv CONTENTS
Seed dormancy 65
Seed-coat effects 66
Embryo dormancy 71
4.3 Seedling Regeneration 73
Seed vigour 73
Environmental influences on seedling regeneration 75
4.4 Perennation 79
Crown structure 80
Root growth, energy accumulation and bud dormancy 81
5. CLIMATIC HAZARDS TO SURVIVAL 83
5.1 Drought 83
Incidence 83
Comparative plant resistance to drought 86
Basis of adaptation to drought 88
Mechanisms of drought avoidance 88
Drought tolerance 92
5.2 Chilling 95
Incidence 95
Comparative plant resistance to chilling 96
Basis of adaptation to chilling 99
5.3 Frost 100
Incidence 100
Comparative plant resistance to frost 101
Basis of adaptation to frost 102
6. PLANT RESPONSE TO EDAPHIC AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC
HAZARDS 107
6.1 Flooding and Impeded Drainage 107
Incidence and effects 107
Comparative plant tolerance of flooding 109
Mechanisms of tolerance 112
6.2 Soil Acidity and Mineral Toxicity 113
Direct effects of pH 115
Calcium and molybdenum availability 118
Aluminium toxicity 119
Manganese toxicity 123
6.3 Salinity 124
Occurrence and effects of salinity 124
Comparative tolerance 126
Mechanisms of tolerance 127
6.4 Soil Textural Effects 131
7. PLANT RESPONSE TO BIOTIC HAZARDS 133
7.1 Grazing and Cutting 133
CONTENTS V
Defoliation, excretion and treading 133
A voidance of defoliation 13 5
Accessibility of forage 138
The physical nature of forage 138
Plant replacement by seedlings 139
Flowering and seed formation 140
So/7 seed reserves 143
Seedling regeneration 145
Maintenance of growth rate under defoliation 145
Genetic differences in growth rate 146
Plant capacity for tillering 146
The maintenance of leaf area 147
Nitrogen fixation 151
Plant longevity and survival under stress 153
The accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate 154
Energy status and regrowth 155
7.2 Burning 157
Effects of grassland fires 158
Resistance to fire 159
7.3 Diseases and Pests 160
Effects of diseases and pests on persistence and yield 160
Environmental modifications to disease and pest outbreaks 162
Comparative field resistance 164
8. PLANT VARIATION IN GROWTH RATE 169
8.1 Growth of C4 and C3 Tropical Plants 170
Levels of yield 170
Photosynthetic processes and plant anatomy 170
Response to illuminance 173
Response to carbon dioxide supply 174
8.2 Growth of Species and Cultivars 176
Temperature dependence of growth 176
Sward structure 179
Tillering, leaf growth and leaf senescence 180
Distribution of assimilate 182
9. PLANT INTERRELATIONS: COMPETITION AND
INTERFERENCE 185
9.1 Light and Plant Interrelations 186
Comparative tolerance of shade 187
Plant capacity for shading companion species 189
9.2 Water and Plant Interrelations 190
9.3 Mineral Nutrients and Plant Interrelations 192
Plant extractive capacity, nutrient requirement and response 193
vi CONTENTS
Potassium 193
Phosphorus 196
Nitrogen 199
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation 202
Rhizobial strain specificity and effectiveness 202
Legume nitrogen accretion and legume competition with
grasses for nitrogen 203
Nitrogen fixation in grasses 205
9.4 Allelopathy 206
10. CONCLUSION 211
10.1 Adaptation of Cultivated Tropical Pasture Plants 211
10.2 Deficiencies of Adaptation 216
References 221
Index of Plant Names 253
Subject Index 258
|
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| dewey-full | 633.2 633.2/02/0913 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
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| dewey-tens | 630 - Agriculture and related technologies |
| discipline | Biologie Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau |
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| id | DE-604.BV002247936 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:42:44Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0333268202 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-001477177 |
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| physical | IX, 261 S. Ill., graph.Darst. |
| publishDate | 1981 |
| publishDateSearch | 1981 |
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| publisher | MacMillan |
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| spelling | Humphreys, Leonard Ross 1927- Verfasser (DE-588)138787921 aut Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants L. R. Humphreys 1. publ. London [u.a.] MacMillan 1981 IX, 261 S. Ill., graph.Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Agricultural ecology Grasses Tropics Legumes Tropics Nutzpflanzen (DE-588)4042838-2 gnd rswk-swf Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 gnd rswk-swf Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 gnd rswk-swf Tropen (DE-588)4060997-2 g Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 s Nutzpflanzen (DE-588)4042838-2 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001477177&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Humphreys, Leonard Ross 1927- Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants Agricultural ecology Grasses Tropics Legumes Tropics Nutzpflanzen (DE-588)4042838-2 gnd Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4042838-2 (DE-588)4128980-8 (DE-588)4060997-2 |
| title | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants |
| title_auth | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants |
| title_exact_search | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants |
| title_full | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants L. R. Humphreys |
| title_fullStr | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants L. R. Humphreys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants L. R. Humphreys |
| title_short | Environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants |
| title_sort | environmental adaptation of tropical pasture plants |
| topic | Agricultural ecology Grasses Tropics Legumes Tropics Nutzpflanzen (DE-588)4042838-2 gnd Weide Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4128980-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Agricultural ecology Grasses Tropics Legumes Tropics Nutzpflanzen Weide Landwirtschaft Tropen |
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