Measurement and control in papermaking:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bristol
Hilger
1980
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 424 S. graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a MacGill, Robert J. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Measurement and control in papermaking |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bristol |b Hilger |c 1980 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Measurement and Control
in Papermaking
by the late Robert J /McGill
B Sc , M Inst MC,F Inst P
Process Control/Systems Engineer, Wiggins Teape Ltd 1958-78
Development Engineer, Honeywell Controls 1957—58
Engineer, Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd 1953-57
Physicist, Wiggins Teape Ltd 1950—53
Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol
Contents
Preface xiii
Part One: General Fundamentals 1
1 Papermaking 3
1 1 Introduction 3
1 2 Papermaking: Process Fundamentals 3
1 3 Raw Materials 3
1 4 The Papermaking Process 4
1 5 The Approach System 6
1 6 The Papermaking Machine 7
1 7 The Drying Section 8
1 8 Calenders 9
1 9 Drive 9
1 10 Finishing 9
1 11 Other After-Treatment Processes 9
1 12 Coating 10
2 The Liquid Phase: Basic Hydraulics 11
2 1 Introduction 11
2 2 Elementary Properties of Liquids: Hydrostatics (Fluids at Rest) 12
2 3 Elementary Properties of Liquids: Liquids in Motion 12
2 4 Viscosity 15
2 5 Friction Losses in Circular Pipes: Practical Considerations 17
2 6 The Practical Calculation of Pipe Friction and Energy Losses 19
2 7 Flow of Liquids in Open Channels 22
2 8 Vortex Flow 24
2 9 Non-Newtonian Viscosity 25
3 The Liquid Phase: Properties of Papermaking Suspensions 27
3 1 Composition and Behaviour of Paper Stock 27
3 2 The Flow Properties of Paper Stock 28
4 The Liquid Phase: General Operations 32
4 1 Introduction 32
4 2 Pumps 36
4 3 Pumping Paper Stock 41
4 4 Control Valves 44
4 5 Choice of Velocities 52
4 6 Some Practical Considerations 54
5 Process Control 59
5 1 Introduction 59
5 2 Manual and Automatic Control 59
5 3 Processes and their Control 60
5 4 Control 60
5 5 Controls and their Operation 61
5 6 The Characteristics of Controlled Systems 65
5 7 Automatic Process Control 69
5 8 Automatic Control 70
5 9 Miscellaneous Controls and Control Functions 79
5 10 Conclusion 81
6 Instruments 82
6 1 Introduction 82
6 2 Measurement 83
6 3 Instruments: Fundamentals 83
6 4 Instruments: Basic Types and Methods 85
6 5 General Features of Indicators, Recorders and Controllers 93
6 6 Pneumatic Instruments 99
6 7 Pneumatic Controllers 110
6 8 Controllers: General Case 124
6 9 Electronic Controllers 128
6 10 Transducers 129
6 11 Correcting Units 130
6 12 Analogue Computing Units 137
6 13 Digital Instruments 137
7 Computers in Process Control 140
7 1 Introduction 140
7 2 Analogue Computers 141
7 3 Digital Computers 142
7 4 Process Computers 144
7 5 Comparison of Digital and Analogue Computers 149
Part Two: Variables 151
8 Pressure and Vacuum 153
8 1 Definition 153
8 2 Applications 153
8 3 Pressure and Depth 154
8 4 Units of Pressure 154
8 5 Measuring Instruments 154
8 6 Brief Summary of Methods of Measurement 164
8 7 Control of Pressure Vacuum 164
9 Temperature 166
9 1 Definition 166
9 2 Applications 166
9 3 Units 166
Vlll
9 4 Measurement 167
9 5 Measuring Instruments 167
9 6 Temperature Signal Transmission 174
9 7 Response Time 175
9 8 Problems of Representative Measurement 176
9 9 Control of Temperature 176
Liquid Density and Specific Gravity 180
10 1 Definition 180
10 2 Applications 180
10 3 Units 180
10 4 Methods of Measurement 181
10 5 Measurement of Mass Flow 186
10 6 Control of Density 186
10 7 Continuous Measurement and Control 186
11 Length and Speed 188
11 1 Introduction 188
11 2 Applications 188
11 3 Measuring Instruments (for Continuous Measurement) 189
11 4 Accuracies 194
11 5 Control 195
12 Level 200
12 1 Definition 200
12 2 Applications 200
12 3 Measuring Instruments 200
12 4 Flow and Level Relationships in a Vessel: General Notes 205
12 5 Control of Liquid Level: Applications 206
12 6 Control of Liquid Level: Methods 206
12 7 Accuracy 213
12 8 Choice of Type 213
13 Fluid Flow 214
13 1 Definition 214
13 2 Units 214
13 3 Applications 214
13 4 Methods of Measurement 215
13 5 Flow in Closed Conduits 216
13 6 Liquid Flow Measurement in Open Channels 225
13 7 Flow Integrators 229
13 8 Control of Flow 229
14 pH 232
14 1 Definition 232
14 2 Buffer Solutions 233
14 3 pH and Temperature 232
14 4 Applications 232
14 5 Measurement 233
14 6 Control of pH 235
IX
15 Stock Freeness 238
15 1 Introduction 238
15 2 Off-Machine Freeness Measurement 238
15 3 In-Line Freeness Measurement 238
15 4 Control of Freeness 242
16 Thickness 243
16 1 Introduction 243
16 2 Measurement of Thickness 244
17 Optical Variables: Fundamentals 249
17 1 Introduction 249
17 2 Interaction of Light with Matter 249
18 The Measurement of Optical (Photometric) Variables 253
18 1 Applications 253
18 2 Light Detectors 253
18 3 Measuring Instruments 254
18 4 Gloss 255
18 5 Opacity 256
18 6 Colour 256
18 7 Formation 262
18 8 Turbidity 262
18 9 Other Uses of Optical Sensors 264
19 Consistency 269
19 1 Definition 269
19 2 Thick and Thin Stock 269
19 3 Importance of Consistency Value 270
19 4 The Need for Consistency Measurement and Control 271
19 5 Measurement of Thick Stock Consistency 271
19 6 Thick Stock Consistency Control Systems 276
19 7 Thin Stock Consistency 284
20 Grammage or Basis Weight 287
20 1 Introduction 287
20 2 Grammage Measurement: Off-Machine 288
20 3 Continuous On-Machine Measurement of Grammage 288
20 4 Combined Grammage and Moisture Measuring Instruments 293
20 5 Cross-Direction Profile Measurement 294
20 6 Control of Grammage 297
20 7 Cross-Direction (Profile) Grammage Control 304
20 8 Other Applications of Grammage Gauges 306
21 Moisture 308
21 1 Introduction 308
21 2 Definitions 308
21 3 Moisture Content and Relative Humidity 310
21 4 The Effects of Moisture Content on Paper 311
21 5 Moisture Measurement and Control: Paper Mill Applications 312
x
21 6 Cross-Direction Moisture Profiles 314
21 7 The Measurement of Moisture Content of Paper 317
21 8 Instruments for Measuring Moisture Content 319
21 9 On-Machine Moisture Measurement 320
21 10 Measuring Methods 321
21 11 On-Machine Instruments (Electrical Methods) 323
21 12 Combined Grammage and Moisture Measuring Instruments 331
21 13 Cross-Direction Profile Measurement 331
21 14 Control of Machine Direction Moisture Content 332
Part Three: Systems 339
22 Systems Engineering 341
22 1 Introduction 341
22 2 The Systems Approach 341
22 3 Systems Engineering 342
23 Thick Stock Systems 352
23 1 Introduction 352
23 2 Batch and Continuous Operation 352
23 3 Basic Systems 352
23 4 Refining 355
23 5 Breakers and Beaters 361
23 6 The Thick Stock Approach Flow System 363
24 Thin Stock Systems 374
24 1 Introduction 374
24 2 Basic Dilution, Mixing and Flow Control System 374
24 3 Stock Cleaning and Screening 376
24 4 Cleaners 376
24 5 Screens 380
24 6 The Flowbox and its Controls 381
24 7 Flowbox and Wet End Variables 383
24 8 Measurement and Control of the Wet End System 390
24 9 The Closed Flowbox 393
25 Wet End Systems 402
25 1 Wet End System 402
25 2 Computer Control of Wet End Variables 405
Appendix: Refining with Recirculation (Distribution of Stock/Number of Passes) 411
References 412
Extended List of Contents 419
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| spelling | MacGill, Robert J. Verfasser aut Measurement and control in papermaking Bristol Hilger 1980 XI, 424 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Papierherstellung (DE-588)4075847-3 gnd rswk-swf Regelungstechnik (DE-588)4076594-5 gnd rswk-swf Messtechnik (DE-588)4114575-6 gnd rswk-swf Papierherstellung (DE-588)4075847-3 s Regelungstechnik (DE-588)4076594-5 s Messtechnik (DE-588)4114575-6 s DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001463104&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | MacGill, Robert J. Measurement and control in papermaking Papierherstellung (DE-588)4075847-3 gnd Regelungstechnik (DE-588)4076594-5 gnd Messtechnik (DE-588)4114575-6 gnd |
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| title | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_auth | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_exact_search | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_full | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_fullStr | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_short | Measurement and control in papermaking |
| title_sort | measurement and control in papermaking |
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| topic_facet | Papierherstellung Regelungstechnik Messtechnik |
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