Expert systems for experts:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Wiley
1988
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 423 - 455 |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 462 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471601756 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Parsaye, Kamran |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Expert systems for experts |c Kamran Parsaye ; Mark Chignell |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Wiley |c 1988 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 462 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. 423 - 455 | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Sistemas especialistas |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Systèmes experts (Informatique) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Expert systems (Computer science) | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Expertensystem |0 (DE-588)4113491-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Expertensystem |0 (DE-588)4113491-6 |D s |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chignell, Mark |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805078803875102720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
EXPERT SYSTEMS
FOR EXPERTS
Kamran Parsaye
IritelligenceWare, Inc
Lps Angeles, California
Mark Chignell
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
WILEY
'John Wiley amp; Sons, Inc
NJew York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore
CONTENTS
BACKGROUND ON EXPERT SYSTEMS 1
1 1 Introduction / 1
1 2 The Quest for Intelligent Machines / 4
121 The Computer: From Calculator to Reasoning Device / 6
1 3 The History of Artificial Intelligence / 7
131 Al as a Field of Study / 9
132 The Age of Small Scale Experiments / 10
133 Heuristic Search and General Problem Solving / 13
134 The Origins of Expert Systems / 15
14A Bridge to Human Cognition / 18
1 5 An Evolutionary View of Expert Systems Technology / 22
151 New Programming Paradigms / 23
1 6 Summary / 27
1 7 Solution to the Mutilated^ Checkerboard Problem / 27
A FIRST GLANCE AT EXPERT SYSTEMS 29
2 1 Introduction / 29
2 2 Expert Systems / 30
221 People Involved in Expert System Development / 30
222 The Structure of an Expert System / 32
ix
x • Contents
2 3 Structuring and Representing Knowledge / 35
231 Facts / 41
232 Rules / 43
2321 Specific and General Rules / 45
2322 Metarules / 48
233 Frames: Packaged Structures / 48
2 4 Reasoning with Knowledge / 57
2 5 Methods of Inference / 60
251 An Intuitive Analogy for Inference / 61
252 Forward and Backward Chaining / 66
2 6 Summary / 67
LOGIC 69
3 1 Introduction / 69
32A Brief History of Logic / 70
3 3 Formal Logic / 72
3 4 The Components of Logic Sentences / 73
341 Predicates and Clauses / 74
342 Compound Clauses I 77
343 Truth and Uncertainty / 78
3 5 Facts and Rules in Predicate Logic / 78
351 Rules / 80
352 Variables / 83
353 Quantification / 84
354 The Scope of Variables / 86
355 Pattern Matching / 88
3551 Examples of Pattern Matching / 93
3 6 Goals and Inference / 95
3 7 Logic Programming / 97
371 Programs in Logic / 99
372 Logic Programming Style / 103
3 8 Extralogical Concepts / 107
381 Programming Language Features / 110
382 Higher-Level Control Predicates /111
383 Combining-Logic with Conventional Languages / 115
3 9 Summary / 116
Contents • xi
KNOWLEDGE 119
4 1 Introduction / 119
4 2 Knowledge / 120
421 Knowledge and Language / 122
422 Levels of Knowledge I 122
4 3 The Components of Knowledge / 129
431 Naming / 131
432 Describing / 131
433 Organizing / 132
434 Relating / 134
435 Constraining / 136
4 4 Approaches to Knowledge Representation / 136
441 Frames and Scripts I 138
442 Object-Oriented Knowledge Representation / 140
443 Inheritance / 141
444 Representing Knowledge in Blackboards / 143
445 Message Passing with Frames / 147
4 5 What to Look for in a Knowledge Representation Method / 148
4 6 Logical Knowledge Representation / 151
461 Representing Rule-Based Knowledge / 152
462 Representing Structural Knowledge in Logic / 156
4 7 Summary / 160
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION WITH FRAMES 161
5 1 Introduction / 161
5 2 Frame-Based_Knowledge Representation / 162
521 The Structure of-Frames / 163
5 3 Storing and Retrieving Knowledge in Frames / 164
5 4 Organizing Knowledge in Frames / 170
541 Inheritance / 172
542 Multiple Inheritance / 176
543 Exceptions and Defaults / 177
544 Modifying Inherited Slots / 178
5 5 Attached Predicates / 180
551 Integrity Maintenance with Attached Predicates / 182
xii • Contents
552 Dynamic Data Management with Attached Predicates / 184
553 Slot Names in Attached Predicates / 187
56A Computational View of Frames I 189
5 7 Logical Operations on Frames / 191
5 8 Connecting Rules and Frames / 195
581 Rules that Act on Frames I 196
582 Frames that Trigger Rules / 197
5 9 Evaluating the Integrated Rule and Frame System / 200
5 10 Frames, Rules and Relational Databases / 203
5 10 1 Mapping Frames and Logic to Databases / 204
5 11 Summary / 209
UNCERTAINTY 211
6 1 Introduction / 211
6 2 Inexactness / 212
621 Practical Issues in Inexact Reasoning / 214
6 3 Probability / 215
631 Conditional and Joint Probabilities / 217
632 Bayesian Probabilities / 220
6 4 Fuzzy Logic / 223
641 Formal Definitions for Fuzzy Logic / 225
642 Fuzzy Hedges I 227
6 5 Certainty Theory / 228
651 Combining Evidence / 230
6 6 Inexact and Semiexact Inference / 233
661 Inexact Rules / 237
6 7 Quantifying Uncertain Knowledge / 241
671 Graphical Representation of Uncertainty / 243
672 Uncertainty Assessment with Ranking / 244
673 Augmented Conceptual Ranking / 245
6 8 Summary / 249
THE INFERENCE PROCESS 251
7 1 Introduction / 251
7 2 The Inference Process / 252
7 3 Backward Chaining Inference / 254
731 The Backward Chaining Algorithm / 256
732 Backtracking / 258
Contents • xiii
733 Computing with Backtracking / 259
734 Avoiding Backtracking / 262
735 Reversing Backtracking / 265
736 Superlogical Quantifiers / 267
7 4 Forward Chaining Inference / 271
741 Conflict Resolution / 273
742 Combining Forward and Backward Chaining / 275
743 Proving Forward Rules I 277
744 The Forward Chaining Algorithm / 278
7 5 Inexact Inference / 279
751 The Inexact Inference Algorithm / 281
7 6 Semiexact Inference / 281
761 The Semiexact Inference Algorithm / 284
7 7 Summary / 285
8-
BUILDING EXPERT SYSTEMS 287
8 1 Introduction / 287
8 2 Attitudes for the Knowledge Age / 288
8 3 Building Expert Systems / 293
831 The Expert System Lifecycle / 295
832 Feasibility Analysis / 298
833 Conceptual Design / 299
334 Knowledge Acquisition / 300
335 Knowledge Representation / 301
336 Testing and Validation I 301
337 Maintenance / 303
8 4 Tools for Building Expert Systems I 304
841 What to Look for in an Expert System Tool / 306
8411 Expressing Knowledge I 306
8 4J 2 Organizing and Displaying Knowledge / 307
8413 Reasoning with and Validating Knowledge / 308
8414 Operating with Knowledge / 308
8 5 An Analysis of Expert System Architectures / 309
851 Diagnosis and Repair / 310
852 Monitoring and Control / 311
853 Design and Configuration / 312
854 Instruction / 312
8 6 Examples of Expert Systems / 313
861 MYCIN: A Diagnostic System / 313
862 CATS-1: A System for Troubleshooting and Diagnosis / 316
xiv • Contents
863 VM: A System for Monitoring and Control / 319
864 Rl/XCON: A System for Configuration and Design / 320
865 Guidon: An Expert System for Instruction / 323
8 7 Summary / 325
KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION AND VALIDATION 327
9 1 Introduction / 327
9 2 Knowledge and Expertise / 328
93A Software Engineer's View / 330
9 4 The Need for Knowledge / 331
9 5 Problems in Knowledge Acquisition / 332
9 6 Approaches to Knowledge Acquisition / 336
9 7 The Components of Knowledge Revisited / 338
971 Naming / 338
972 Describing / 339
973 Organizing / 340
974 Relating / 340
975 Constraining / 341
9 8 Strategies for Knowledge Acquisition I 341
981 Manual Knowledge Acquisition / 342
9811 Interviewing / 343
9812 Verbal Protocol Analysis / 344
982 Automated Knowledge Acquisition / 346
983 Repertory Grids / 351
9831 Terminology for Repertory Grids / 351
9832 Using Repertory Grids I 355
9833 Identifying Traits and Features / 355
9834 Confidence Factors for Repertory Grids I 358
9835 Attributes and Induction I 360
9 9 Automatic Acquisition of Classification Knowledge / 363
9 10 Measuring Expert System Performance / 365
9 10 1 Automating Expert System Validation / 367
9 10 1 1 Yardsticks for Knowledge / 368
9 10 1 2 Confusion Matrices / 370
9 10 1 3 Measuring the Yardsticks / 372
9 11 Summary / 374
SUMMARY 375
APPENDIX A
SEARCH 379
A l Introduction / 379
A 2 Searching a Tree / 380
A 3 Finding an Efficient Path / 384
A 4 Summary / 385
APPENDIX B
GENERAL-PURPOSE REASONING 387
B l Introduction / 387
B 2 GPS: The General Problem Solver / 388
B 3 GPS and the Three-Coin Problem / 389
B 4 GPS and the Household Robot / 390
B 5 Production Systems / 393
B 6 Summary / 395
APPENDIX Ca
PROPOSITIONS LOGIC 397
C l Introduction / 397
C 2 Propositional Logic I 399
C 3 The Precedence of Logical Connectives / 401
C 4 Truth Values / 403
C 5 Truth Tables / 406
C 6 Validity and Truth / 407
C 7 Proving Assertions / 408
C 8 Summary / 409
xvi • Contents
APPENDIX Db
RELATIONAL DATABASES 411
D l Introduction / 411
D 2 The Relational Data Model / 411
D 3 Operating on Relations / 412
D31 Selection / 413
D32 Projection / 413
D33 Product / 413
D34 Union and Difference / 414
D35 Joining Tables / 416
D 4 Querying the Relational Model / 419
D 5 Summary / 422
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX |
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| dewey-search | 006.3/3 |
| dewey-sort | 16.3 13 |
| dewey-tens | 000 - Computer science, information, general works |
| discipline | Informatik |
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| isbn | 0471601756 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Parsaye, Kamran Verfasser aut Expert systems for experts Kamran Parsaye ; Mark Chignell New York u.a. Wiley 1988 XVI, 462 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 423 - 455 Sistemas especialistas larpcal Systèmes experts (Informatique) Expert systems (Computer science) Expertensystem (DE-588)4113491-6 gnd rswk-swf Expertensystem (DE-588)4113491-6 s DE-604 Chignell, Mark Verfasser aut HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001352753&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113491-6 |
| title | Expert systems for experts |
| title_auth | Expert systems for experts |
| title_exact_search | Expert systems for experts |
| title_full | Expert systems for experts Kamran Parsaye ; Mark Chignell |
| title_fullStr | Expert systems for experts Kamran Parsaye ; Mark Chignell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expert systems for experts Kamran Parsaye ; Mark Chignell |
| title_short | Expert systems for experts |
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| topic_facet | Sistemas especialistas Systèmes experts (Informatique) Expert systems (Computer science) Expertensystem |
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