The microbial world:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Prentice-Hall
1986
|
| Ausgabe: | 5. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Bis 4. Aufl u.d.T.: Stanier, Roger Y.: The microbial world |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 689 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0135810426 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The microbial world |c Roger Y. Stanier ... |
| 250 | |a 5. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Englewood Cliffs, N.J. |b Prentice-Hall |c 1986 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 689 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Bis 4. Aufl u.d.T.: Stanier, Roger Y.: The microbial world | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Microbiologie | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Microbiologie |2 ram | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Microbiology | |
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IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE XIII
CHAPTER 1 THE BEGINNINGS OF MICROBIOLOGY 1 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
MICROBIAL WORLD 2 THE CONTROVERSY OVER SPONTANEOUS GENERATION 3
THE EXPERIMENTS OF PASTEUR 4 THE EXPERIMENTS OF TYNDALL 5 THE DISCOVERY
OF THE ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC MATTER 6
FERMENTATION AS A BIOLOGICAL PROCESS 6 THE DISCOVERY OF ANAEROBIC LIFE 7
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FERMENTATION 7 THE DISCOVERY OF THE
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE CAUSATION
OF DISEASE 8
SURGICAL ANTISEPSIS 8 THE BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY OF ANTHRAX 8 THE RISE OF
MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY 9 THE DISCOVERY OF FILTERABLE VIRUSES 10
THE DEVELOPMENT OF PURE CULTURE METHODS 10 THE ORIGIN OF THE BELIEF IN
PLEOMORPHISM 10 THE FIRST PURE CULTURES 11 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE
MEDIA BY
KOCH AND HIS SCHOOL 12
MICROORGANISMS AS GEOCHEMICAL AGENTS 12 ENRICHMENT CULTURE METHODS 13
THE GROWTH OF MICROBIOLOGY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FURTHER READING 15
13
CHAPTER 2
THE METHODS OF MICROBIOLOGY 16 17 PURE CULTURE TECHNIQUE THE ISOLATION
OF PURE CULTURES BY PLATING METHODS THE ISOLATION OF PURE CULTURES IN
LIQUID MEDIA 19
TWO-MEMBERED CULTURES 20 THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF STERILIZATION 20
STERILIZATION BY HEAT 21
STERILIZATION BY CHEMICAL TREATMENT 22 STERILIZATION BY FILTRATION 22
THE PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL NUTRITION 22 THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CARBON 23
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR NITROGEN AND SULFUR 24 GROWTH FACTORS 25 THE ROLES
OF OXYGEN IN NUTRITION 26
NUTRITIONAL CATEGORIES AMONG MICROORGANISMS
17
27
CONTENTS III
IMAGE 2
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CULTURE MEDIA 27
THE CONTROL OF PH 30 THE AVOIDANCE OF MINERAL PRECIPITATES: CHELATING
AGENTS 31
THE CONTROL OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION 31 TECHNIQUES FOR CULTIVATION OF
OBLIGATE ANAEROBES 32 THE PROVISION OF CARBON DIOXIDE 32 THE PROVISION
OF LIGHT 32
SELECTIVE MEDIA 33 DIRECT ISOLATION 33 ENRICHMENT 33 ENRICHMENT METHODS
FOR SOME SPECIALIZED PHYSIOLOGICAL
GROUPS 34 SYNTHETIC ENRICHMENT MEDIA FOR CHEMOHETEROTROPHS 34 THE
ENRICHMENT OF CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC AND PHOTOSYNTHE-
TIC ORGANISMS 35 THE USE OF COMPLEX MEDIA FOR ENRICHMENT 36
LIGHT MICROSCOPY 37 THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE 37 RESOLVING LIMIT 37 CONTRAST
AND ITS ENHANCEMENT IN THE LIGHT
MICROSCOPE 38 ULTRAVIOLET AND FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 40
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 40 THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE 44 FURTHER
READING 42
CHAPTER 3
THE NATURE OF THE MICROBIAL WORLD 43 THE COMMON PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS 43 PATTERNS OF CELLULAR ORGANIZATION 44 THE PROBLEM OF PRIMARY
DIVISIONS AMONG ORGANISMS 45
THE PLACE OF MICROORGANISMS 45 THE CONCEPT OF PROTISTS 46 EUCARYOTES AND
PROCARYOTES 47 STRUCTURE OF THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE 48 STRUCTURE OF THE
CYTOPLASM 49 CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE SYSTEMS 50
THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE 50 THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND THE GOLGI
APPARATUS 52 CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES 53 CYTOPLASMIC
MEMBRANE SYSTEMS IN BACTERIA 54 CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS 55
MICROTUBULES 55 MICROFILAMENTS 55 INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS 57 CYTOSKELETAL
ELEMENTS IN BACTERIA 57 ENDOCYTOSIS AND EXOCYTOSIS 57 OSMOREGULATION IN
MICROORGANISMS 59 STRUCTURE OF THE CHROMOSOME 59
THE EUCARYOTIC CHROMOSOME 59 THE EUBACTERIAL CHROMOSOME 60 THE
ARCHAEBACTERIAL CHROMOSOME 60
SEGREGATION OF THE CHROMOSOME 60 CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION IN EUCARYOTES 62
CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION IN EUBACTERIA 64 CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION IN
ARCHAEBACTERIA 65
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION OF THE GENOME 65 SEQUENCE AND PROCESSING
OF STABLE RNA 66 MESSENGER RNA PROCESSING 66 THE INITIATION OF
TRANSLATION 68
ELONGATION FACTORS IN TRANSLATION 68 RIBOSOME STRUCTURE 69 COUPLING OF
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION 70 CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES
70
GENOME STRUCTURE IN CHLOROPLASTS AND MITROCHONDRIA 70 EXPRESSION OF THE
CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIAL GENOMES 70 THE EVOLUTIONARY ORIGINS OF
CHLOROPLASTS AND
MITOCHONDRIA 71
SEXUAL PROCESSES IN MICROORGANISMS 71 SEXUAL PROCESSES IN EUCARYOTES 71
SEXUAL PROCESSES IN BACTERIA 72
THE DIFFERENCES AMONG CELL TYPES: A SUMMARY 73 THE GENERAL PROPERTIES OF
VIRUSES 76 FURTHER READING 76
CHAPTER 4
MICROBIAL METABOLISM: FUELLING REACTIONS 78 THE ROLE OF ATP IN
METABOLISM 79 OTHER COMPOUNDS WITH HIGH-ENERGY BONDS 80
THE ROLE OF REDUCING POWER IN METABOLISM 80 THE ROLE OF PRECURSOR
METABOLITES IN METABOLISM 81 BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS GENERATING ATP 82
SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION 82 GENERATION OF ATP BY ELECTRON
TRANSPORT 82 VALUES OF EJ, FOR COMPONENTS IN ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS
84
THE COMPONENTS OF ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS 84 ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRON
TRANSPORT CHAINS IN THE CELL MEMBRANE 86 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE FUELING
REACTIONS IN AEROBIC
HETEROTROPHS 87 PATHWAYS OF FORMATION OF PYRUVATE 87 PATHWAYS OF
UTILIZATION OF PYRUVATE BY AEROBES 89 THE ROLE OF THE GLYOXYLATE CYCLE
IN ACETIC ACID
OXIDATION 91 SPECIAL PATHWAYS FOR PRIMARY ATTACK ON ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY
MICROORGANISMS 92 THE FUELING REACTIONS OF ANAEROBIC HETEROTROPHS 94
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION 94 FERMENTATION 94 THE FUELING REACTIONS OF
AUTOTROPHS 95 THE CALVIN-BENSON CYCLE: SYNTHESIS OF PRECURSOR
METABOLITES 95 GENERATION OF ATP AND REDUCED PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDES BY
CHEMOAUTOTROPHS 96
PHOTOSYNTHESIS 96 ANTENNA OF LIGHT-HARVESTING PIGMENTS 97 PHOTOCHEMICAL
REACTION CENTERS 99 PHOTOSYNTHETIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 99
PATTERNS OF ELECTRON FLOW 99 FURTHER READING 101
IV CONTENTS
IMAGE 3
CHAPTER 5
MICROBIAL METABOLISM: BIOSYNTHESIS, POLYMERIZATION, ASSEMBLY 102 METHODS
OF STUDYING BIOSYNTHESIS 103 USE OF BIOCHEMICAL MUTANTS 103
USE OF ISOTOPIC LABELING 104 THE ASSIMILATION OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR 104
THE ASSIMILATION OF AMMONIA 105 THE ASSIMILATION OF NITRATE 106 THE
ASSIMILATION OF MOLECULAR NITROGEN 106 THE ASSIMILATION OF SULFATE 107
THE STRATEGY OF BIOSYNTHESIS 108
THE SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEOTIDES 108 SYNTHESIS OF RIBONUCLEOTIDES 109
SYNTHESIS OF THE 2'DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES 111 UTILIZATION OF EXOGENOUS
PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE BASES
AND NUCLEOSIDES 112
THE SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS AND OTHER NITROGENOUS CELL CONSTITUENTS 113
THE GLUTAMATE FAMILY 113 THE ASPARTATE FAMILY 114
THE AROMATIC FAMILY 116 THE SERINE AND PYRUVATE FAMILIES 116 HISTIDINE
SYNTHESIS 116 SYNTHESIS OF OTHER NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS VIA AMINO
ACID PATHWAYS 117
THE SYNTHESIS OF LIPID CONSTITUENTS FROM ACETATE 120 SYNTHESIS OF FATTY
ACIDS 122 SYNTHESIS OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS 124 SYNTHESIS OF POLYISOPRENOID
COMPOUNDS 126 THE SYNTHESIS OF PORPHYRINS 126
VARIATIONS OF BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AMONG BACTERIA 127 THE
POLYMERIZATION OF BUILDING BLOCKS: GENERAL PRINCIPLES 128
THE GENERAL PLAN OF SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS 129 THE
POLYMERIZATION OF NUCLEOTIDES INTO DNA 130 THE ANTIPARALLEL STRUCTURE OF
THE DNA DOUBLE HELIX 131
DNA POLYMERASES 131 REPLICATION 131
THE SYNTHESIS OF RNA 133 SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS 134 INITIATION OF
TRANSCRIPTION 134 TERMINATION OF TRANSCRIPTION 135
TRANSLATION 136 ACTIVATION OF AMINO ACIDS 136 SYNTHESIS OF THE
PROCARYOTIC RIBOSOME 137 INITIATION OF TRANSLATION 138
ELONGATION OF THE PEPTIDE CHAIN 138 THE SECONDARY, TERTIARY, AND
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS 140 THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYSACCHARIDES
142 THE SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN 142
ASSEMBLY OF BIOPOLYMERS INTO CELLULAR COMPONENTS 144 FURTHER READING 144
CHAPTER 6
THE RELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PROCARYOTIC CELLS 145
SURFACE STRUCTURES OF THE PROCARYOTIC CELL 145 TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
145
EARLY STUDIES ON THE PROCARYOTIC WALL 147 THE SURFACE STRUCTURES OF
ARCHAEBACTERIA 148 THE CELL MEMBRANE 148 THE BACTERIAL EEL 1 WALL: ITS
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
COMPONENT 149 THE LOCATION OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THE WALLS OF
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA 153 THE OUTER MEMBRANE 155 THE PERIPLASM 157
PEPTIDOGLYCAN IN THE WALLS OF GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA 158 FUNCTION OF THE
PEPTIDOGLYCAN LAYER 159 THE TOPOLOGY OF WALL AND MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS 160
CAPSULES AND SLIME LAYERS 164 THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF FLAGELLA AND
PILI 166
THE BASAL STRUCTURE OF THE FLAGELLUM 168 SYNTHESIS OF THE FLAGELLAR
FILAMENT 169 THE MECHANISM OF FLAGELLAR MOVEMENT 169
THE CHEMOTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF MOTILE BACTERIA 170
THE PHOTOTACTIC BEHAVIOR OF PURPLE BACTERIA 171 SPECIAL PROCARYOTIC
ORGANELLES 172 GAS VESICLES AND GAS VACUOLES 172 CHLOROSOMES 174
CARBOXYSOMES (POLYHEDRAL BODIES) 174 MAGNETOSOMES 174 THE PROCARYOTIC
CELLULAR RESERVE MATERIALS 176
NONNITROGENO'US ORGANIC REVERSE MATERIALS 176 NITROGENOUS RESERVE
MATERIALS 178 POLYPHOSPHATE GRANULES 179
SULFUR INCLUSIONS 179 THE NUCLEUS 179
RECOGNITION AND CYTOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF BACTERIAL NUCLEI 179 THE
BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME 180 THE ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL NUCLEI 181
FURTHER READING 182
CHAPTER 7
MICROBIAL GROWTH183 THE DEFINITION OF GROWTH 183 THE MATHEMATICAL NATURE
AND EXPRESSION OF GROWTH 184 THE GROWTH CURVE 184
THE DEATH PHASE 185 THE LAG PHASE 185 ARITHMETIC GROWTH 186 THE
MEASUREMENT OF GROWTH 186
MEASUREMENT OF CELL MASS 186 MEASUREMENT OF CELL NUMBER 187 MEASUREMENT
OF A CELL CONSTITUENT 189 THE EFFICIENCY OF GROWTH: GROWTH YIELDS 189
SYNCHRONOUS GROWTH 190 EFFECT OF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION ON GROWTH RATE
192
CONTENTS
IMAGE 4
CONTINUOUS CULTURE OF MICROORGANISMS 192
CHEMOSTATS AND TURBIDOSTATS 194 USE OF CONTINUOUS CULTURE SYSTEMS 195
MAINTENANCE ENERGY 195 FURTHER READING 195
CHAPTERS
EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON MICROBIAL GROWTH 196 FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL
MEMBRANE 196 ENTRY OF NUTRIENTS INTO THE CELL 197
PASSIVE DIFFUSION 197 FACILITATED DIFFUSION 197 ACTIVE TRANSPORT 197
BINDING PROTEINS 198 SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT 198
ACTIVE TRANSPORT LINKED TO PHOSPHATE BOND ENERGY GROUP TRANSLOCATION 199
SUMMARY OF MEMBRANE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS UTILIZATION OF SUBSTRATES THAT
CANNOT PASS THE CELL
MEMBRANE 201 EFFECTS OF SOLUTES ON GROWTH AND METABOLISM 204 OSMOTIC
TOLERANCE 204 THE REQUIREMENT FOR NA + IN BACTERIA 206 EFFECT OF
TEMPERATURE ON MICROBIAL GROWTH 207
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE TEMPERATURE LIMITS GROWTH 209 EFFECT OF GROWTH
TEMPERATURE ON LIPID COMPOSITION OXYGEN RELATIONS 210
THE TOXICITY OF OXYGEN: CHEMICAL MECHANISMS 210 THE PHOTOOXIDATIVE
EFFECT 211 OXYGEN-SENSITIVE ENZYMES 212 THE ROLE OF OXYGENASES IN
AEROBIC MICROORGANISMS
FURTHER READING 212
198
201
FOR
210
212
CHAPTER 9
THE VIRUSES 213 213
220
221 224
THE DISCOVERY OF VIRUSES VIRUS STRUCTURE 214 CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
219 THE VIRAL REPLICATION CYCLE 219
ENTRY OF VIRUSES INTO HOST CELLS UNCOATING 221 REPLICATION OF
CHROMOSOMES OF DNA VIRUSES REPLICATION OF CHROMOSOMES OF RNA VIRUSES
FUNCTIONS OF VIRAL GENE PRODUCTS 224 REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF VIRAL
GENES 225 DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF VIRAL REPLICATION ON METABOLISM OF
HOST CELLS 227 VIRION ASSEMBLY 227 ESCAPE 228 INFECTIOUS VIRAL NUCLEIC
ACID 228
DETECTION AND ENUMERATION OF VIRUSES 228 THE PLAQUE ASSAY 229 KINETICS
OF VIRAL MULTIPLICATION 229
LYSOGENY 230 LYSOGENY: PHAGE X TYPE 231 LYSOGENY: PHAGE PI TYPE 231
REGULATION OF LYSOGENY IN PHAGE X 232 INDUCTION 233
LYSOGENIC CONVERSION 233
VIROIDS 233 PRIONS 233 FURTHER READING 234
CHAPTER 10
MICROBIAL GENETICS-. GENE FUNCTION AND MUTATION 235 THE BACTERIAL GENOME
235 ARRANGEMENTS OF GENES ON THE CHROMOSOME 235
MUTATIONS 238
THE CONSEQUENCES OF MUTATION 239 MUTAGENS 240 PHENOTYPIC CONSEQUENCES OF
MUTATIONS 243 CONDITIONALLY EXPRESSED MUTATIONS 243 MUTANT METHODOLOGY
245 ISOLATION OF MUTANT STRAINS 246
PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION 246 ENRICHMENT OF MUTANT CELLS IN A POPULATION 246
DETECTION OF MUTANT CLONES 248 POPULATION DYNAMICS 249
THE ESTIMATION OF MUTATION RATE 250 MUTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM 251 EFFECTS
OF SELECTION ON THE PROPORTIONS OF MUTANT TYPES 253
SELECTION AND ADAPTATION 254
THE GENETIC VARIABILITY OF PURE CULTURES 254 SELECTIVE PRESSURES IN
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS 254 THE CONSEQUENCES OF MUTATION IN CELLULAR
ORGANELLES 255 MUTANT TYPES OF BACTERIOPHAGES 255
FURTHER READING 256
CHAPTER 11
MICROBIAL GENETICS: GENETIC EXCHANGE AND RECOMBINATION BACTERIAL
TRANSFORMATION 258 TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION MECHANISMS FOUND AMONG
PROCARYOTES 258 NATURAL TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS: STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUNOMIAE
259 NATURAL TRANSFORMATION SYSTEMS: HAEMOPHILUS
INFLUENZAE 261 NATURAL TRANSFORMATION BY PLASMIDS 262 ARTIFICIAL
TRANSFORMATION 263 THE ROLE OF THE DONOR CELL IN TRANSFORMATION 263
BACTERIAL CONJUGATION 263
PROPERTIES OF THE F PLASMID 264 HFR STRAINS 265 PROPERTIES OF CLONES OF
HFR CELLS 266
F-MEDIATED TRANSFER OF OTHER PLASMIDS 267
VI CONTENTS
IMAGE 5
OTHER SYSTEMS OF CONJUGATION IN GRAM-NEGATIVE
BACTERIA 268 GENETIC EXCHANGE BY CONJUGATION AMONG GRAM-POSITIVE
BACTERIA 268 TRANSDUCTION 269
GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION MEDIATED BY PHAGE P22 270 LABORATORY
EXPLOITATION OF GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION 271
SPECIALIZED TRANSDUCTION MEDIATED BY PHAGE LAMBDA 271
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE ACTINOMYCETES 272 THE MAJOR GROUPS OF PLASMIDS
274 DETECTION AND ISOLATION OF PLASMIDS 274 R FACTORS 276
OTHER PLASMID-ENCODED CHARACTERS 277 INCOMPATIBILITY AMONG PLASMIDS 277
RECOMBINATION 278 MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF GENERAL RECOMBINATION 279
INSERTION SEQUENCES, TRANSPOSONS, AND REPLICATIVE RECOMBINATION 279
GENETIC ENGINEERING 282
THE CUTTING AND REJOINING OF DNA 283 FURTHER READING 285
CHAPTER 12
REGULATION 286 TYPE OF CONTROL MECHANISMS 286 COORDINATION OF CONTROL
MECHANISMS: SYNTHESIS OF AN AMINO ACID 289
COORDINATION OF CONTROL MECHANISMS: SYNTHESIS OF RIBOSOMES 289
MECHANISMS OF END-PRODUCT INHIBITION: ALLOSTERIC PROTEINS 290 MECHANISMS
OF CONTROL OF TRANSCRIPTION 292
TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL: DNA-BINDING PROTEINS 292 TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL:
ATTENUATION 296 TRANSCRIPTION CONTROL: MULTIPLE SIGMA FACTORS 298
CONTROL OF TRANSLATION 298 POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL 299 ALTERATION OF
GENE STRUCTURE 300 PATTERNS OF REGULATION 301
END-PRODUCT INHIBITION IN BRANCHED PATHWAYS 302 ENZYME REPRESSION IN
BRANCHED BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS 304 EXAMPLES OF REGULATION OF COMPLEX
PATHWAYS 304 THE DIVERSITY OF BACTERIAL REGULATORY MECHANISMS 305
REGULATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND CELL DIVISION 307 FURTHER READING 310
CHAPTER 13
THE CLASSIFICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF BACTERIA 311 SPECIES: THE UNITS OF
CLASSIFICATION 311 THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SPECIES 312
THE NAMING OF SPECIES 313
THE PROBLEMS OF TAXONOMIC ARRANGEMENT 314 THE PHYLOGENETIC APPROACH TO
TAXONOMY 314 NUMERICAL TAXONOMY 314 NEW APPROACHES TO BACTERIAL TAXONOMY
315
THE BASE COMPOSITION OF DNA; ITS DETERMINATION AND SIGNIFICANCE 315 THE
TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DNA BASE COMPOSITION 316 NUCLEIC ACID
HYBRIDIZATION 318 THE TECHNIQUES AND INTERPRETATIONS OF REASSOCIATION
EXPERIMENTS 319 NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCING 321 DNA SEQUENCING 321 RNA
FINGERPRINTING AND SEQUENCING 323
BACTERIAL PHYLOGENY 324 THE PRIMARY DIVISIONS OF CELLULAR ORGANISMS 325
CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF ARCHAEBACTERIA 325 CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF
EUBACTERIA 325 TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF BACTERIAL PHYLOGENY 328
FURTHER READING 329
CHAPTER 14
THE ARCHAEBACTERIA 33 CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF ARCHAEBACTERIA 330
ARCHAEBACTERIAL LIPIDS 331
THE METHANOGENS 331
DIVERSITY OF THE METHANOGENS 331 THE CELL WALLS OF METHANOGENS 333
UNIQUE COFACTORS 335 ENERGY METABOLISM 336
CARBON ASSIMILATION 337 ECOLOGY 337 THE HALOPHILES 338 THE HALOPHILE
GENOME 338
CELL WALLS OF HALOPHILES 338 PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION IN HALOBACTERIUM 339
THE THERMOACIDOPHILES 340 SULFOLOBUS 340 THERMOPLASMA 341 THE
THERMOPROTEUS GROUP 343 FURTHER READING 343
CHAPTER 15
THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUBACTERIA344 COMMON PROPERTIES OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC
EUBACTERIA 345 ORGANIZATION OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL APPARATUS 345
DIFFERENCES AMONG THE MAJOR GROUPS OF PHOTOTROPHIC
EUBACTERIA 347
CHEMISTRY OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL APPARATUS 347 LOCATION OF THE
PHOTOCHEMICAL APPARATUS IN PHOTOTROPHIC EUBACTERIA 350 PHOTOCHEMICAL
GENERATION OF REDUCTANT 352 THE CELLULAR ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
EUBACTERIA 353 THE COLORS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC EUBACTERIA 355 THE
CYANOBACTERIA 355 NITROGEN FIXATION 356
ANOXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS 359
CONTENTS VII
IMAGE 6
REGULATION OF PIGMENT SYNTHESIS 360
CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF CYANOBACTERIA 360 ECOLOGY 371 THE PURPLE BACTERIA
372 CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF PURPLE BACTERIA 373
PURPLE SULFUR BACTERIA 374 PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIA 376 EFFECTS OF O,
ON GROWTH AND PIGMENT SYNTHESIS IN PURPLE NONSULFUR BACTERIA 377
THE GREEN BACTERIA 378 THE GREEN SULFUR BACTERIA 378 GREEN NONSULFUR
BACTERIA: THE CHLOROFLEXUS GROUP 380 ECOLOGICAL RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY
ANOXYGENIC
PHOTOSYNTHESIS 380
BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL IN AEROBIC EUBACTERIA 381 HELIOBACTERIUM 381 FURTHER
READING 382
CHAPTER 16
THE CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC AND METHOPHILIC EUBACTERIA 383 THE CHEMOAUTOTROPHS
383 ULTILIZABLE SUBSTRATES 384
THE NITRIFYING BACTERIA 384 SULFUR OXIDIZERS 385 THE IRON BACTERIA 390
THE HYDROGEN BACTERIA 391
THE CARBOXYDOBACTERIA 391 THE METABOLIC BASIS OF CHEMOAUTOTROPHY 392
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE REDUCTION 392
THE PHENOMENON OF OBLIGATE AUTOTROPHY 393 CARBON RESERVE MATERIALS IN
CHEMOAUTOTROPHS 394 GROWTH INHIBITION BY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 394 THE
METHOPHILES 395
THE METABOLISM OF METHYL COMPOUNDS 395 CARBON ASSIMILATION BY
METHOPHILES 396 THE METHANOTROPHS 397 RESTING STAGES OF METHANOTROPHS
398
THE METHYLOTROPHS 400 ORIGINS OF CHEMOAUTOTROPHS AND METHOPHILES 400
FURTHER READING 401
CHAPTER 17
GRAM-NEGATIVE AEROBIC EUBACTERIA 402 THE AEROBIC PSEUDOMONADS 404 THE
FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS 405
THE PSEUDOMALLEI GROUP 406 THE ACIDOVORANS GROUP 407 THE DIMINUTA GROUP
407 THE XANTHOMONAS GROUP 407 THE ZOOYLOCA GROUP 407
THE RHIZOBIUM GROUP 408 THE RHIZOBIA 408 THE GENUS AYROBACTERIUTN 412
PROSTHECATE BACTERIA 413 THE AZOTOBACTER GROUP 416 THE ACETIC ACID
BACTERIA 417 THE SHEATHED BACTERIA 419
THE SPIRILLUM GROUP 420 THE MORAXELLA GROUP 423 THE LEGIONELLA GROUP 424
THE PLANCTOMYCES GROUP 425
FURTHER READING 426
CHAPTER IS
THE GLIDING EUBACTERIA 427 THE MYXOBACTERIA 428 NONFRUITING MYXOBACTERIA
433 THE CYTOPHAGA GROUP 434
FILAMENTOUS, GLIDING CHEMOHETEROTROPHS 436 FURTHER READING 438
CHAPTER 19
THE ENTERIC GROUP AND RELATED EUBACTERIA 439 COMMON PROPERTIES OF THE
ENTERIC GROUP 440 FERMENTATIVE METABOLISM 440
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF DIFFERENTIAL VALUE 443 GENETIC
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE ENTERIC BACTERIA 444 TAXONOMIC SUBDIVISION OF
THE ENTERIC GROUP 445
GROUP I: ESCHERICHIA-SALMONELLA-SHIGELLA 445 GROUP II:
ENTEROBACTER-SERRATIA-ERWINIA 447 GROUP III: PROTEUS-L'ROVIDENCIA 448
GROUP IV: YERSINIA 448 THE POLAR FLAGELLATES:
AEROMONAS-VIBRIO-PHOTOBACLERIUM 448 ZYMOMONAS 451 COLIFORM BACTERIA IN
SANITARY ANALYSIS 451 FURTHER READING 452
CHAPTER 20
GRAM-NEGATIVE ANAEROBIC EUBACTERIA 453 THE GRAM-NEGATIVE FERMENTATIVE
EUBACTERIA 453 FERMENTATION PATTERNS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE
EUBACTERIA 454 FUMARATE RESPIRATION 456 NITRATE RESPIRATION 456
CONSTITUENT GROUPS OF GRAM-NEGATIVE FERMENTATIVE
EUBACTERIA 457
THE SULFUR-REDUCING BACTERIA 459 THE PATHWAY OF SULFATE REDUCTION 459
DIVERSITY OF SULFUR-REDUCING BACTERIA 460 ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 463
FURTHER READING 463
VIII CONTENTS
IMAGE 7
CHAPTER 21
GRAM-NEGATIVE EUBACTERIA: SPIROCHETES, * RICKETTSIAS AND CHLAMYDIAS 464
464 467
THE SPIROCHETES MOTILITY OF SPIROCHETES 466 CELL DIVISION IN THE
SPIROCHETES DIVERSITY OF SPIROCHETES 467 SPIROCHETES SYMBIOTIC WITH
INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 469 THE RICKETTSIAS 469 THE CHLAMYDIAS 473
FURTHER READING 474
CHAPTER 22
GRAM-POSITIVE EUBACTERIA: UNICELLULAR ENDOSPORE FORMERS 475 THE
ENDOSPORE 476 ENDOSPORE FORMATION 476
OTHER BIOCHEMICAL EVENTS RELATED TO SPORULATION 479 ACTIVATION,
GERMINATION, AND OUTGROWTH OF ENDOSPORES 480 CLASSIFICATION OF THE
ENDOSPOREFORMERS 481
PCPTIDOGLYCAN STRUCTURE 482
THE AEROBIC SPOREFORMERS 482 THE GENUS BACILLUS 482 THERMOPHILIC BACILLI
486 LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE BACILLI 486 THE GENUS THERMOACTINOMYCES 486
THE ANAEROBIC SPOREFORMERS 487
THE BUTYRIC ACID CLOSTRIDIA 488 THE ANAEROBIC DISSIMILATION OF AMINO
ACIDS BY CLOSTRIDIA 488 THE FERMENTATION OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING RING
COMPOUNDS 491 CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATIONS BY CLOSTRIDIA THAT DO NOT YIELD
BUTYRIC ACID AS A PRODUCT 491 THE ETHANOL-ACETATE FERMENTATION BY
CLOSTRIDIUM
KLUYVERI 492 THE GENUS DESUTFOTOMACULUM 493 THE GENUS SPOROLACTOBACILLUS
494 FURTHER READING 494
CHAPTER 23
GRAM-POSITIVE EERMENTATIVE EUBACTERIA 495 THE GENUS STAPHYLOCOCCUS 496
THE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 496
PATTERNS OF CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION IN LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 498
SUBDIVISION OF THE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA 500 OTHER GRAM-POSITIVE
ANAEROBES 501
FURTHER READING 504
CHAPTER 24
GRAM-POSITIVE EUBACTERIA: EHE ACTINOMYCETES 505 CHARACTERISTICS OF
ACTINOMYCETES 506 MOTILITY 506
CELLS WALLS 506 DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS IN MYCELIAL ACTINOMYCETES 506
MAJOR GROUPS OF ACTINOMYCETES 507 THE ACTINOBACTERIA 507
THE NOCARDIOFORM BACTERIA 510 THE DERMATOPHILUS GROUP 512 THE
STREPTOMYCETES 517 THE ACTINOPLANETES 518
FURTHER READING 519
CHAPTER 25
THE MOLLICUTES 520 METABOLISM OF THE MOLLICUTES 521 CELL SHAPE AND
REPRODUCTION 522
MYCOPLASMA 523 ACHOLEPLASMA 523 SPIROPLASMA 524 ANAEROPLASMA 524
UREAPLASMA 524 FURTHER READING 524
CHAPTER 26
THEPROTISTS 525 THE ALGAE 526 THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC FLAGELLATES 526 THE
NONFLAGELLATE UNICELLULAR ALGAE 527
THE NATURAL DISTRIBUTION OF ALGAE 530 NUTRITIONAL VERSATILITY OF ALGAE
531 THE LEUCOPHYTIC ALGAE 531 THE PROTOZOA 532
THE ORIGINS OF THE PROTOZOA 532 THE FLAGELLATE PROTOZOA: THE
MASTIGOPHORA 533 THE AMEBOID PROTOZOA: THE RHIZOPODA 534 THE CILIATE
PROTOZOA: THE CILIOPHORA 534 THE FUNGI 536
THE AQUATIC PHYCOMYCETES 537 THE TERRESTRIAL PHYCOMYCETES 538
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN PHYCOMYCETES AND HIGHER FUNGI 540
THE ASCOMYCETES AND BASIDIOMYCETES 540 THE FUNGI IMPERFECTI 540 THE
YEASTS 541 THE SLIME MOLDS 542
THE PROTISTS: SUMMING UP 544 FURTHER READING 544
CONTENTS IX
IMAGE 8
CHAPTER 27
MICROORGANISMS AS GEOCHEMICAL AGENTS 545 THE FITNESS OF MICROORGANISMS
AS AGENTS OF GEOCHEMICAL CHANGE 546
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN SPACE AND TIME 546 THE METABOLIC
POTENTIAL OF MICROORGANISMS 547 THE METABOLIC VERSATILITY OF
MICROORGANISMS 547
THE CYCLES OF MATTER 547 THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE 547 THE OXYGEN CYCLE 548
THE CARBON CYCLE 548
THE MINERALIZATION PROCESS: CARBON DIOXIDE FORMATION AND THE REDUCTION
OF OXYGEN 549 THE SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON: INORGANIC DEPOSITS 549 THE
SEQUESTRATION OF CARBON: ORGANIC DEPOSITS 549 THE NITROGEN CYCLE 550
NITROGEN FIXATION 551 THE UTILIZATION OF FIXED NITROGEN 552 THE
TRANSFORMATIONS OF ORGANIC NITROGEN BY WHICH AMMONIA IS FORMED 552
NITRIFICATION 553
DENITRIFICATION 553 THE SULFUR CYCLE 554 THE ASSIMILATION OF SULFATE 555
THE TRANSFORMATION OF ORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS AND
FORMATION OF H 2S 555 THE DIRECT FORMATION OF H 2S FROM SULFATE 555 THE
OXIDATION OF H 2S AND SULFUR 556 THE CYCLES OF MATTER THROUGH GEOLOGICAL
TIME 556
THE INFLUENCE OF HUMANS ON THE CYCLES OF MATTER 557
SEWAGE TREATMENT 557 THE DISSEMINATION OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
557 FURTHER READING 558
CHAPTER 28
SYMBIOSIS 559 TYPES OF SYMBIOSES 559 MUTUALISTIC SYMBIOSES 560 PARASITIC
SYMBIOSES 561
PARASITISM AS AN ASPECT OF ECOLOGY 561 THE FUNCTIONS OF SYMBIOSIS 562
PROTECTION 562
PROVISION OF A FAVORABLE POSITION 562 PROVISION OF RECOGNITION DEVICES
564 NUTRITION 564 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SYMBIOSES 565
DIRECT TRANSMISSION 565 REINFECTION 565
THE EVOLUTION OF SYMBIOSES 566 SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN
PHOTOSYNTHETIC AND NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC PARTNERS 566 SYMBIOSES IN WHICH THE
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARTNER IS A HIGHER
PLANT 568
THE RHIZOSPHERE 568 MYCORRHIZAS 568 SYMBIOSES IN WHICH THE
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARTNER IS A MICROORGANISM 569
ENDOSYMBIONTS OF PROTOZOA 569 SYMBIOSES WITH FUNGI: THE LICHENS 570
ENDOSYMBIOSES OF ALGAE WITH AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES 574
SYMBIOTIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TWO NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC PARTNERS 574
SYMBIOSES IN WHICH BOTH PARTNERS ARE MICROORGANISMS 574 BACTERIAL
ENDOSYMBIONTS OF PROTOZOA 574 SYMBIOSES BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND
METAZOAN
HOSTS 578 ECTOSYMBIOSES OF PROTOZOA WITH INSECTS: THE INTESTINAL
FLAGELLATES OF WOOD-EATING TERMITES AND ROACHES 578 ENDOSYMBIOSES OF
FUNGI AND BACTERIA WITH INSECTS 578 THE RUMINANT SYMBIOSIS 581
ECTOSYMBIOSES OF MICROORGANISMS WITH BIRDS: THE HONEY GUIDES 583 FURTHER
READING 584
CHAPTER 29
NONSPECIFIC HOST DEFENSE 585 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BARRIERS TO INFECTION
585 BODY SURFACES 585 THE ROLE OF PH 586
ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS 586 SEQUESTRATION OF IRON 586 THE PROTECTIVE
ROLE OF HOST MICROFLORA 586 GERM-FREE ANIMALS 587
NORMAL SKIN FLORA 588 NORMAL FLORA OF THE MOUTH AND UPPER RESPIRATORY
TRACT 589 NORMAL INTESTINAL FLORA 589 THE ROLE OF PHAGOCYTIC CELLS IN
THE ANIMAL HOST 589
LEUKOCYTES 589 PHAGOCYTOSIS 591 INFLAMMATION 592 CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF
INFLAMMATION 594
CHEMOTAXIS DURING INFLAMMATION 594 NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE AGAINST VIRUSES
595 FURTHER READING 596
CHAPTER 30
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 597 ANTIBODIES AND ANTIGENS 598 CONSTANT AND VARIABLE
DOMAINS 600 IGG 600
IGA 601 IGM 601 IGD 602 IGE 602 ANTIGENS AND HAPTENS 602
X CONTENTS
IMAGE 9
R
ANTIBODY SOURCES 602 IMMUNIZATION 602 HYBRIDOMAS 603
CONSEQUENCES OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY BINDING IN THE HOST 604 TOXIN AND VIRUS
NEUTRALIZATION 604 IMMUNE COMPLEX FORMATION AND AGGLUTINATION 604 THE
CLASSIC COMPLEMENT FIXATION PATHWAY 605 THE ALTERNATE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY
605
OPSONIZATION 606 INFLAMMATION 606 CONSEQUENCES OF ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN
BINDING IN VITRO 606 AGGLUTINATION REACTIONS 606
IMMUNOPRECIPITATION 608 IMMUNODIFFUSION 608 IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS 608
COMPLEMENT FIXATION 609 RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS 609 TECHNIQUES EMPLOYING
CONJUGATED ANTIBODIES 610 THE BASIS OF ANTIBODY DIVERSITY 610
THE "GERM LINE" AND "SOMATIC MUTATION" THEORIES 611 THE GENERATION OF K
CHAIN DIVERSITY 611 THE GENERATION OF A CHAIN DIVERSITY 612 THE
GENERATION OF HEAVY CHAIN DIVERSITY 612
HOW MANY DIFFERENT ANTIBODIES? 613 FUNCTIONS OF T-CELLS 614 EFFECTOR
T-CELLS 614 REGULATOR T-CELLS 614
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS 615 IMMUNIZATION 616 PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
616 ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION 616
ATTENUATED STRAINS 617 TOXOIDS 617 KINETICS OF IMMUNIZATION 617
HYPERSENSITIVITY AND AUTOIMMUNITY 618 ANAPHYLAXIS 618 ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT
CYTOTOXICITY 618 IMMUNE COMPLEX DISORDERS 618
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY 619 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES 619
FURTHER READING 620
CHAPTER 31
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS 621 BACTERIAL TOXINS 622 IDENTIFICATION OF
BACTERIAL TOXINS 623 EXAMPLES OF TOXIN-CAUSED PATHOGENESIS 623
DIPHTHERIA 623 TETANUS 624 CHOLERA 624 STAPHYLOCOCCAL FOOD POISONING 624
CLOSTRIDIAL FOOD POISONING 626 FOOD POISONINGS CAUSED BY ENTERIC
BACTERIA 626
BOTULISM 626 TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME 627 MYCOTOXINS 627 BACTERIAL
COLONIZATION AND INVASION 628
IRON UPTAKE 628 ADHESION 628
INTRACELLULAR GROWTH 628 RESISTANCE TO PHAGOCYTOSIS 629 ANTIGENIC
VARIATION AND ANTIGENIC MIMICRY 630 VIRUSES AND CANCER 630
THE ROLE OF DNA VIRUSES IN HUMAN CANCER 631 THE ROLE OF RNA VIRUSES IN
HUMAN CANCER 632 THE ANIMAL CELL CULTURE MODEL OF CANCER 632
TRANSFORMATION BY SV40 632 TRANSFORMATION BY RETROVIRUSES 632 CELLULAR
ONCOGENES 633 FURTHER READING 634
CHAPTER %
HUMAN PATHOGENS 635
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 635 RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION 635
MODES OF TRANSMISSION 636
BACTERIAL PATHOGENS 636 STAPHYLOCOCCAL DISEASES 636 STREPTOCOCCAL
DISEASES 636 DISEASES CAUSED BY ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA 639
DISEASES CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIA 640 LISTERIOSIS 640 DISEASES CAUSED BY
ENTERIC BACTERIA 641 DIARRHEA CAUSED BY CAMPYLOBACTER 641 LEGIONAIRES'
DISEASE 641 TULAREMIA 641 BRUCELLOSIS 642 DISEASES CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS
642 DISEASES CAUSED BY BORDETELLA AND HAEMOPHILUS
SPECIES 642 NEISSERIAL DISEASES 642 MYCOPLASMAL DISEASES 642 DISEASES
CAUSED BY SPIROCHETES 643 RICKETTSIAL DISEASES 643 CHLAMYDIAL DISEASES
644 FUNGAL DISEASES 644
DERMATOMYCOSES 644 SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES 644 SYSTEMIC (DEEP) MYCOSES 644
PROTOZOAL DISEASES 646
MALARIA 646 DISEASES CAUSED BY LEISHMANIAS 647 DISEASES CAUSED BY
TRYPANOSOMES 648 AMEBIC DYSENTERY 648 GIARDIASIS 649 TRICHOMONIASIS 650
TOXOPLASMOSIS 650
PNEUMOCYSTIC PNEUMONIA 650 VIRAL DISEASES 650 DISEASES CAUSED BY
HERPESVIRUSES 651
DISEASES CAUSED BY POXY VIRUSES 651 SERUM HEPATITIS 652 DISEASES CAUSED
BY PICORNAVIRUSES 652 INFLUENZA 653
MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA 654 RABIES 654 DISEASES CAUSED BY
ROTAVIRUSES 654 DISEASES CAUSED BY TOGAVIRUSES 654 DISEASES CAUSED BY
RETROVIRUSES 654
FURTHER READING 656
CONTENTS XI
IMAGE 10
CHAPTER 35
THE EXPLOITATION OF MICROORGANISMS BY HUMANS 657 TRADITIONAL MICROBIAL
PROCESSES UTILIZING YEASTS 657 THE MAKING OF WINE 658
THE MAKING OF BEER 659 THE MAKING OF BREAD 660 TRADITIONAL MICROBIAL
PROCESSES UTILIZING ACETIC ACID BACTERIA 661 THE USES OF LACTIC ACID
BACTERIA 661
MILK PRODUCTS 662 THE LACTIC FERMENTATION OF PLANT MATERIALS 662 DEXTRAN
PRODUCTION 662 THE USES OF BUTYRIC ACID BACTERIA 663
THE RETTING PROCESS 663 THE ACETONE-BUTANOL FERMENTATION 664 MICROBES AS
SOURCES OF PROTEIN 664
PRODUCTION OF YEASTS FROM PETROLEUM 664 PRODUCTION OF BACTERIA FROM
PETROLEUM 665 PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC AMINO ACIDS 665 THE MICROBIAL
PRODUCTION OF CHEMOTHEAPEUTIC AGENTS 665
THE RISE OF CHEMOTHERAPY 666 THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIBIOTICS 666 MODE OF
ACTION OF ANTIBIOTICS 668
THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTICS 669 MICROBIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS
670 MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF STEROIDS 671
MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS FOR THE CONTROL OF INSECTS 672 THE PRODUCTION OF
OTHER CHEMICALS BY MICROORGANISMS 672 THE PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES BY
MICROORGANISMS 673 THE IMPACT OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY ON THE
PRODUCTION OF USEFUL PRODUCTS BY MICROORGANISMS 673 FURTHER READING 674
INDEX 675
XII CONTENTS |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)117724661 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV001220349 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QR41 |
| callnumber-raw | QR41.2 QW4 |
| callnumber-search | QR41.2 QW4 |
| callnumber-sort | QR 241.2 |
| callnumber-subject | QR - Microbiology |
| classification_tum | BIO 250f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)12941883 (DE-599)BVBBV001220349 |
| dewey-full | 576 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 576 - Genetics and evolution |
| dewey-raw | 576 |
| dewey-search | 576 |
| dewey-sort | 3576 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| edition | 5. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV001220349 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-11-19T09:01:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0135810426 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000735991 |
| oclc_num | 12941883 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-703 |
| physical | XIV, 689 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1986 |
| publishDateSearch | 1986 |
| publishDateSort | 1986 |
| publisher | Prentice-Hall |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | The microbial world Roger Y. Stanier ... 5. ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall 1986 XIV, 689 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bis 4. Aufl u.d.T.: Stanier, Roger Y.: The microbial world Microbiologie Microbiologie ram Microbiology Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 gnd rswk-swf Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd rswk-swf Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 s DE-604 Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s 1\p DE-604 Stanier, Roger Y. 1916-1982 Sonstige (DE-588)117724661 oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000735991&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | The microbial world Microbiologie Microbiologie ram Microbiology Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 gnd Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4316357-9 (DE-588)4039226-0 (DE-588)4045981-0 |
| title | The microbial world |
| title_auth | The microbial world |
| title_exact_search | The microbial world |
| title_full | The microbial world Roger Y. Stanier ... |
| title_fullStr | The microbial world Roger Y. Stanier ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The microbial world Roger Y. Stanier ... |
| title_short | The microbial world |
| title_sort | the microbial world |
| topic | Microbiologie Microbiologie ram Microbiology Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 gnd Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Microbiologie Microbiology Mikrobiologie Mikroorganismus Physiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000735991&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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