Learning, language and memory:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Harper & Row
1980
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 513 S. graph. Darst. |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Learning, language and memory |c John W. Donahoe ; Michael G. Wessells |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Harper & Row |c 1980 | |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Learning, Psychology of | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Memory | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804115488958054400 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Learning, language and memory
Autor: Donahoe, John W.
Jahr: 1980
PREFACE xiii
chapter 1 THE ORIGINS OF BEHAVIOR 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Science and the Understanding of Human Behavior 3 / Limi¬
tations of Science as a Means for Understanding Human Behav¬
ior 7 / Learning—The Change and Maintenance of
Behavior 10
THE PRINCIPLE OF NATURAL SELECTION 13
Natural Selection and Behavior 15 / Natural Selection and
Learning 19
THE PRINCIPLE OF REINFORCEMENT 23
Reinforcement and Behavior 27 / Reinforcement and Nat¬
ural Selection 31
A LOOK AHEAD 34
Fundamental Processes 34 / The Experienced Learner 36
SUMMARY 37
chapter 2 ELICITATION: UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS CONTROL 40
INTRODUCTION 40
Stimulus Control and Evolution 42 / Unconditioned Stimu¬
lus Control and Learning 43
REFLEXIVE BEHAVIOR AND HABITUATION 44
The Reflex 44/ The Startle Reflex 45/ Habitua-
tion 49 / Methodological Issues 50 / Phenomena Asso¬
ciated with Reflex Habituation 54 / Theoretical Analysis of
Reflex Habituation 60
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING 64
Stimulus Control and Fixed-Action Patterns 65 / Effect of
the Consequences of Social Behavior 67
EVOLUTION AND LEARNING 70
SUMMARY 73
chapter 3 REINFORCEMENT: CLASSICAL PROCEDURE 75
INTRODUCTION 75
A Search for the Antecedents of Learning 76 / The Range of
Effective Elicitors 80
viii CONTENTS
FUNDAMENTALS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING 85
Terminology of Classical Conditioning 88 / Varieties of Stim¬
uli 89 / Classical Conditioning Paradigms 91 / Basic
Findings 94
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING 101
The Nature of the CS-UCS Relationship 101 / Role of Other
Stimuli in Conditioning 103 / Levels of Analysis 104
SOME COMPLEXITIES IN THE CLASSICAL PROCEDURE 106
Unobserved (Private) Events 107 / Response Interac¬
tions 111/ Stimulus Interactions 112/ Reinforcing
Function of Elicitation Processes 114
SUMMARY 115
chapter 4 REINFORCEMENT: INSTRUMENTAL PROCEDURE 117
INTRODUCTION 11 7
FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING 119
Terminology of Instrumental Conditioning 119/ Instrumen¬
tal Conditioning Paradigms 121/ Control Procedures 123
BASIC FINDINGS 128
Delay of Reinforcement (R-SR Interval) 128 / Magnitude of
Reinforcement (Punishment) 132
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF INSTRUMENTAL CONDITION¬
ING 136
Nature of the Response-Elicitation Relationship 136 /
Toward a Principle of Reinforcement 138 /
Extension to Multiple Responses 144 / Acquisi¬
tion 149
SOME COMPLEXITIES IN THE INSTRUMENTAL PROCEDURE 159
Response Interactions 159/ Stimulus Interactions 162
SUMMARY 163
chapter 5 STIMULUS CONTROL 165
INTRODUCTION 165
Superstitious Stimulus Control 166 / Functional Definition of
Stimuli 168 / Overview 170
CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT 170
Elicitation and Conditioned Reinforcement 171 / Variables
Affecting Conditioned Reinforcement 172
CONTENTS ix
STIMULUS GENERALIZATION 176
Origins of Stimulus Generalization 176 / The Nature of Stim¬
ulus Generalization 181 / Some Complexities in Stimulus
Generalization 188
STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION 189
Basic Procedures and Phenomena 190 / Behavioral Pro¬
cesses Underlying Discrimination 194 / Identification of
Controlling Stimuli 196 / Discrimination and a Relational
Principle of Reinforcement 199 / Role of Stimulus Control in
Selected Phenomena 205
VERBAL BEHAVIOR 210
Ebbinghaus s Contributions 212/ Some Comments 214
SUMMARY 216
chapter 6 MOTIVATION 219
INTRODUCTION 219
The Problem of Motivation 219/ Overview 222
MOTIVATIONAL FUNCTION OF STIMULI 222
Levels of Analysis 222 / Deprivation-Produced Motiva¬
tion 224 / Stimulation-Produced Motivation 229 / In¬
terim Behavior 231
TEMPORAL PATTERNING OF BEHAVIOR 233
Schedules of Reinforcement 233 / By-products of Schedules
of Reinforcement 241 / Transfer Effects Between Sched¬
ules 244
PERSISTENCE OF BEHAVIOR 247
Basic Findings 248 / Analysis of the Partial Reinforcement
Extinction Effect 249
SUMMARY 254
chapter 7 LEARNING IN THE EXPERIENCED ORGANISM 256
INTRODUCTION 256
Some Problems 257 / Some Stratgies 258
TRANSFER 259
The Definition of Transfer 260 / Similarity and Trans¬
fer 263 / The Componential Analysis of Trans¬
fer 265 / Mediation and Transfer 271 / Awareness and
Learning 273
x CONTENTS
CONCEPT FORMATION 278
The Nature and Definition of Concepts 279 / The Determi¬
nants of Concept Formation 288 / Theoretical Aspects of
Concept Formation 298
SUMMARY 308
chapter 8 LANGUAGE 310
LANGUAGE, COMPETENCE, AND PERFORMANCE 310
The Distinction Between Competence and Perform¬
ance 312 / Components of Linguistic Competence 314
PHONOLOGY 314
Sequences of Phonemes 316/ Phonology and Linguistic
Performance 317
SYNTAX 324
Phrase-Structure Grammar 325 / Transformational Gram¬
mar 328 / Syntax and Performance 332
SEMANTICS 339
Theories of Semantics 339 / Semantics and Perform¬
ance 341
LANGUAGE, HUMANS, AND APES 346
Project Washoe 347 / Language in Chimps? 350 /
Further Experimental Analysis of Linguistic Behavior in
Chimps 354
SUMMARY 355
chapter 9 THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE 358
FROM CRYING TO THE FIRST WORDS 358
Preliminaries to the First Words 359 / One-Word Utter¬
ances 365
EARLY WORD COMBINATIONS 371
Structural Regularities in Early Word Combinations 372 /
Grammar and Stage I 373 / The Origins of Early Word
Combinations 377
ELABORATIONS OF LANGUAGE 382
Phonological Development 383 / Syntactic Develop¬
ment 385 / Semantic Development 389
THE ANTECEDENTS OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT BEYOND
STAGE I 391
Phylogeny and the Elaboration of Language 391 / The Con-
tribution of Linguistic Factors 395 / The Role of Cognition in
CONTENTS xi
the Elaboration of Language 396 / Communicative Ante¬
cedents of the EJaboration of Language 401 / The RoJe of
Imitation 404
SUMMARY 406
chapter 10 SENSORY AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY 409
AN OVERVIEW OF MEMORY 410
Associationistic Theories 410 / A MuJtistore Mode] of Mem¬
ory 413/ Some Procedural Distinctions 418
SENSORY MEMORY 419
Visual Sensory Memory 419/ Auditory Sensory Mem¬
ory 424
PATTERN RECOGNITION 426
The Template-Matching Hypothesis 427 / Feature Detec¬
tion 427 / Context and Pattern Recognition 429 / Se¬
lective Attention 433 / Pattern Recognition and Atten¬
tion 436
SHORT-TERM MEMORY 442
Encoding and Short-Term Memory 443 / Organization and
Short-Term Memory 448
FORGETTING AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY 450
Interference Theory 452
RETRIEVAL AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY 456
The Serial-Exhaustive Model 457
SUMMARY 461
chapter 11 LONG-TERM MEMORY 463
INTRODUCTION 463
ENCODING AND LONG-TERM MEMORY 463
The Dimensions of Encoding 464 / The Nature of Encoding
as an Antecedent of Retention 467 / Encoding and Organi¬
zation 471 / Mechanisms of Encoding 474
STRUCTURAL MODELS OF LONG-TERM MEMORY 488
A Hierarchical Network Model of Semantic Memory 488
FORGETTING AND LONG-TERM MEMORY 493
The Interference Theory of Forgetting 494 / The Theory of
Cue-Dependent Forgetting 503
RETRIEVAL AND LONG-TERM MEMORY 504
The Relation Between Encoding and Retrieval 504 / Recog¬
nition and Recall 507
xii CONTENTS
SUMMARY 511
REFERENCES AND AUTHOR INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Donahoe, John W. Wessells, Michael G. 1948- |
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| author_facet | Donahoe, John W. Wessells, Michael G. 1948- |
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| dewey-ones | 153 - Conscious mental processes & intelligence |
| dewey-raw | 153.1 |
| dewey-search | 153.1 |
| dewey-sort | 3153.1 |
| dewey-tens | 150 - Psychology |
| discipline | Psychologie |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Donahoe, John W. Verfasser aut Learning, language and memory John W. Donahoe ; Michael G. Wessells New York u.a. Harper & Row 1980 XV, 513 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Mémoire Psycholinguistique Learning, Psychology of Memory Psycholinguistics Wessells, Michael G. 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)131940244 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000649507&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Donahoe, John W. Wessells, Michael G. 1948- Learning, language and memory Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Mémoire Psycholinguistique Learning, Psychology of Memory Psycholinguistics |
| title | Learning, language and memory |
| title_auth | Learning, language and memory |
| title_exact_search | Learning, language and memory |
| title_full | Learning, language and memory John W. Donahoe ; Michael G. Wessells |
| title_fullStr | Learning, language and memory John W. Donahoe ; Michael G. Wessells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Learning, language and memory John W. Donahoe ; Michael G. Wessells |
| title_short | Learning, language and memory |
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| topic | Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' Mémoire Psycholinguistique Learning, Psychology of Memory Psycholinguistics |
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