Theories of motivation: from mechanism to cognition
Gespeichert in:
| Späterer Titel: | Weiner, Bernard Human motivation |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chicago
Markham
1973
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. print. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Markham psychology series
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 474 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0528620185 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Theories of motivation
Autor: Weiner, Bernard
Jahr: 1973
Contents
PREFACE sail
I MECHANISTIC VERSUS COGNITIVE VIEWS 1
Introduction 1
Animate versus inanimate behavior • Human
behavior versus infrahuman behavior * Thought
versus action as scientific data
Types of Mechanistic and Cognitive Theories 7
Learning and Motivation 9
II DRIVE THEORY 11
Historical Antecedents 12
The instinct doctrine • Original conceptions
of drive • Early experimental work • Summary
Scientists Who Influenced Hull 17
Charles Darwin • John B. Watson • Edward L.
Thorndike • Ivan P. Pavlov • Curt P. Richter •
Alfred N. Whitehead and Bertrand Russell •
Summary and prospectus
The Basic Concepts of Hull s Theory 23
Learning • Drive • The integration of habit and
drive • The emergence of incentives
xvii
xviu Contents
Empirical Support for Drive Theory 40
Investigations with infrahuman subjects •
Investigations of human behavior • Evidence for
drive as a pooled source of energy
Theoretical Extensions 57
Frustration • Conflict
Associationism Without a Drive Construct 69
Drive stimuli
Some Shortcomings of Drive Theory 76
Problems in predicting speed of verbal learning •
Problems in the conceptual analysis of incentives •
The nondirective conception of drive and some
experimental confounding • Secondary drive and
secondary reinforcement • Conceptualization of
frustration and conflict
General Summary 89
III FIELD THEORY 92
Historical Evolution 93
Gestalt psychology • Lewin-Ach controversy
Theoretical Orientation 99
The use of concepts • Field theory •
Appropriate areas of psychological investigation
Formal Theory 105
The life space • Concepts related to the person •
Concepts related to the environment • Further
discussion of hodological space
Drive Theory Reinterpreted 121
Studies employing the Columbia Obstruction
Box • The speed of consumption • The goal
gradient • Secondary reinforcement
Further Extensions of the Theory 125
Conflict • Frustration
Experiments Generated by Field Theory 137
Task recall • Task resumption * Substitution •
Satiation and cosatiation
Additional Areas of Investigation 152
Psychological ecology • Level of aspiration
Summary 166
Contents xix
IV ACHIEVEMENT THEORY 169
Historical Evolution 169
Henry Murray • McClelland s theory of
personality and motivation
Achievement Motivation 175
Assessment of the need for achievement • The
arousal of motivation • The arousal of
achievement needs • Individual differences in
motive strength
The TAT as a Measure of Achievement Motivation 184
Content validity • Criterion-related validity •
Construct validity
Atkinson s Theory of Achievement Motivation 192
General laws and individual differences: Introduction
to the theory • Hope of success • Fear of failure *
Resultant achievement motivation • Further
elaboration of the model • Combining the motives
Derivations from the Theory and Supporting Evidence 203
Free-choice behavior • Forced-choice behavior
(risk preference) • Level of aspiration •
Persistence of behavior in progress
Educational Implications of the Theory 215
Vocational aspiration • Programmed instruction •
Intelligence and motivation • Grade point
average • Ability grouping • Major field of
concentration
Success and Failure and Problems for the Achievement
Model 226
The motivational effects of failure • The
motivational effects of success • Summary of
motivational effects
A Modification of the Achievement Model 231
Inertial motivation • Problem one: Explaining
failure effects when MAF Ms • Problem two:
Disentangling stimulus from inertial effects • Further
examination of the persistence of behavior •
Summary • The reduction of inertial motivation
Another Look at Educational Practices 249
Programmed learning • Grades • Item-difficulty
sequence • Long-term goals
Conflict 252
Frustration 253
xx Contents
Comparison with Hullian and Lewinian Theory 254
Achievement Motivation in Society 257
Training in achievement motivation
General Summary 268
V COGNITIVE APPROACHES AND ATTRIBUTION
THEORY 270
Historical Background of the Cognitive Approach 271
Psychoanalytic Theory and Cognitive Controls 275
Psychoanalytic models of thought and action •
Cognitive style
Cognitive Determinants of Emotion 281
Cognition, arousal, and emotion • The
informational value of arousal
Cognitive Appraisal and Coping Behavior 286
Theories of Cognitive Consistency 289
Cognitive balance • Cognitive dissonance
Research in Cognitive Dissonance 294
Forced compliance and insufficient justification •
Post-decisional dissonance • Motivational
research • Resistance to extinction • General
summary
Attribution Theory 310
General theoretical orientation of attribution
theory • Fritz Heider
Internal and External Attributions 317
Attribution and emotional expression • Attribution
and cognitive dissonance • Attribution in animal
experimentation
Individual Differences in Causal Beliefs 332
Social learning theory • Skill versus chance,
reinforcement schedules, and resistance to
extinction • Individual differences in locus of
control
Other Work in Causal Attribution Based on Individual
Differences 341
Origin-pawn as a causal determinant • Intellectual
achievement responsibility
An Attributional Model of Action 350
Summary 352
Contents xxi
VI ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND
ATTRIBUTION THEORY 354
The Perceived Causes of Success and Failure 354
A classification scheme of the causal determinants •
Antecedent conditions • Empirical investigations
of cue utilization in achievement contexts
Achievement Needs and Causal Ascription 369
Causal Attribution and Affective Expression 374
Inferred empirical evidence • Direct empirical
evidence • Achievement needs, causal inferences,
and affect • General summary
Causal Attribution and Expectancy Change 381
Empirical evidence • General summary
Atkinson s Theory of Achievement Motivation 388
Free choice • Persistence of behavior •
Intensity of performance • Risk preference
{forced choice) • Summary of behavioral
consequences of causal ascription and the attributional
analysis of achievement needs
Locus of Control Reevaluated 396
Experimental Extinction 398
Experimental studies • Achievement dispositions
and reinforcement schedules: A comparison
Morality 403
Piaget s analysis of moral judgment • Morality
and achievement motivation • Societal development:
An attributional comparison of Piaget and
Karl Marx
Educational Implications 409
Ascriptions to ability or to effort • Motivated
attributional errors • Attributional conflict •
Teaching programs • Surveillance, trust, and
grades • Achievement training programs
Summary 417
VII REVIEW AND REINTERPRETATION: THE
COGNITIVE ARGUMENT 419
Deprivation and Tissue Injury States 419
The mechanistic analysis • The cognitive
analysis of drive states
xxii Contents
Learned Drives 423
The mechanistic analysis of fear • The cognitive
conception of fear and emotion
Individual Differences in Emotional Reactivity 424
The mechanistic analysis of verbal learning • The
cognitive analysis of verbal learning
Resistance to Extinction 427
The mechanistic analysis of extinction • The
cognitive analysis of extinction
Issues for a Cognitive Psychology of Motivation 432
Science versus ethnoscience • Levels of
consciousness and a new methodology • The
body-mind problem • A cognitive psychology
of infrahumans • Quantitative exactness
REFERENCES 437
INDEX 463
|
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)313824349 (DE-599)BVBBV000937452 |
| discipline | Psychologie |
| edition | 2. print. |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:21:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0528620185 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000573506 |
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| physical | XXII, 474 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1973 |
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| spelling | Weiner, Bernard Verfasser aut Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition Bernard Weiner 2. print. Chicago Markham 1973 XXII, 474 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Markham psychology series Motivationstheorie (DE-588)4170587-7 gnd rswk-swf Motivation (DE-588)4040364-6 gnd rswk-swf Motivation (DE-588)4040364-6 s DE-604 Motivationstheorie (DE-588)4170587-7 s 1\p DE-604 Später u.d.T. Weiner, Bernard Human motivation (DE-604)BV001003948 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000573506&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Weiner, Bernard Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition Motivationstheorie (DE-588)4170587-7 gnd Motivation (DE-588)4040364-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4170587-7 (DE-588)4040364-6 |
| title | Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition |
| title_auth | Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition |
| title_exact_search | Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition |
| title_full | Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition Bernard Weiner |
| title_fullStr | Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition Bernard Weiner |
| title_full_unstemmed | Theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition Bernard Weiner |
| title_new | Weiner, Bernard Human motivation |
| title_short | Theories of motivation |
| title_sort | theories of motivation from mechanism to cognition |
| title_sub | from mechanism to cognition |
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| topic_facet | Motivationstheorie Motivation |
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