Roman Britain and the English settlements:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Clarendon Press
1937
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Oxford history of England
1 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. [462] - 489 |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 515 S. Kt. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804115353503006720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Roman Britain and the English settlements
Autor: Collingwood, Robin G.
Jahr: 1937
CONTENTS
Book I. BRITAIN BEFORE THE ROMAN CONQJJEST
I. THE STAGE OF HISTORY
The division of Britain into highland and lowland zones
Their differences in landscape, soil, climate
The permanent effect of the division on the history of Britain
Its special effect on the Roman occupation
The highland zone as the military area
The lowland zone as the civil area
Human geography before the Roman conquest
The lowland zone .....
Chalk and oolite soils. Salisbury Plain as the centre of prehistoric
Britain ......
The Neolithic Age and the origin of Agriculture
The Beaker invasion .....
The Early Iron Age .....
The contrast between the prehistoric and modern population
distributions .....
Sand and gravel soils .....
Uninhabited areas .....
Communications .....
The highland zone .....
Megalithic culture .....
The Beaker invasion .....
The Bronze Age .....
Communications between Britain and the Continent
II. BRITAIN IN THE TIME OF JULIUS CAESAR
Physical characteristics of the ancient Britons
Neolithic Age ....
Bronze Age ....
Roman period ....
The Romano-British type
Language ....
P-Celts and Q-Celts
Establishment of the Celtic language in Britain
Material civilization
Its Bronze-Age background
Late Bronze-Age civilization, its general character
Iron-Age cultures
(i) The earliest, of Hallstatt type
(2) South-western La Tene culture
(3) North-eastern La Tene culture
(4) TheBdgae
Coinage and currency .
CONTENTS
eneral sketch of Britain in Cae sar s time . ? 29
The south-east . . ? 29
The Dorset-Yorkshire zone . 30
The western fringe . ? 30
The name Britannia . . 30
III. CAESAR S INVASION
Caesar s intentions and motives
His reticence on these points
His tacit admission of failure
Origin of his British adventure .
His intention must have been conquest .
The reconnaissance of 55 b.c.
Information sought from Gaulish merchants
A fleet of transports extemporized
Caesar sails for Britain .
The adventures of Commius
Caesar s landing
The gale and damage to his fleet
Damage repaired: Caesar returns to Gaul
Results of the reconnaissance
Caesar s apologetic tone
His failure to understand Channel navigation
The gain in information small
British tactics and the chariot
British agriculture and the food-supply for an army
The invasion of 54
New transports ....
Concentration at Boulogne
Mutiny in the camp: the fate of Dumnorix
The Channel crossed
Caesar s march into Kent
The gale, and his return to the coast
The fleet repaired and beached .
The problem of Caesar s anchorage
Cassivellaunus brought into the war
His resistance to Caesar s renewed advance
Caesar s victory in a general engagement
Operations north of the Thames
Attack on his naval camp
Submission of Cassivellaunus
Caesar returns to Gaul .
Results of the invasion
Its success in a military sense
Its political success
Financial considerations .
Did Caesar intend to return and complete the conquest?
Why he did not do so
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
38
39
39
39
40
40
40
4i
42
42
42
43
43
44
45
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46
47
48
49
50
50
5i
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5i
52
52
52
53
CONTENTS
IV. FROM CAESAR TO CLAUDIUS
The conquest from Rome s point of view merely deferred
Developments in Britain ....
The Catuvellauni: their extension north-westward
Commius creates a new western Belgic realm
Its archaeology ....
Its development ....
Its civilization.....
Coinage of these two realms
Their fusion into one, in the time of Cunobelinus
Other British coinages: Iceni, Dobuni, Brigantes .
Distribution of British coinage
Its style: original derivation from Macedonian models
Romanizing movement in first century A.n.
Art of this period
Pottery
Metal-work and the finer arts
Chronology of this work
The Belgic Britons: their taste i
Celtic art in the north (Brigantia), west, and midlands ,
Economic life
Agriculture
Mining and metallurgy
Trade with the Continent
Roman intentions with relation to Britain
Augustus: the rumours of his intended British expeditions
His excuses for not conquering Britain: Strabo s explanations
British refusal to court his friendship .
His real intentions .....
Tiberius. ......
Gaius: his projects for conquering Germany and Britain .
in art rather Roman than Celtic
Book II. THE AGE OF CONQUEST
V. THE CLAUDIAN INVASION
Its motives
The military situation
The heritage of Gaius
The financial situation .
The political situation .
The expeditionary force
The plan of campaign based on Caesar
Mutiny at Boulogne
The invasion
Landing in Britain
Richborough
The situation in Britain .
No organized resistance .
Togodumnus and Caratacus
xiv CONTENTS
Battle of the Medway
Halt on the Thames
Arrival of Claudius and occupation of Colchester
The settlement of Britain .
The realm of Cunobelinus becomes a province
Verulam becomes a municipium
Treatment of Non-Belgic realms
Cogidubnus and the Regni
The Iceni ....
VI. CARATACUS AND BOUDICCA
Caratacus .....
His flight to the west
Progress of the Roman conquest along radial lines
London its strategic centre
Advance in three columns
Ostorius Scapula governor
He finds the Brigantes and Silures troublesome
Creates a frontier on the Fosse
Disarms the tribes south-east of this
Revolt of the Iceni
Ostorius attacks the Degeangli.
The Brigantes revolt against Cartimandua
The war between Ostorius and Caratacus
Ascendancy of Caratacus in the west .
Ostorius plants a legion at or near Gloucester
The decisive batde
Caratacus betrayed to Ostorius by Cartimandua
Continued resistance of the Silures
To Ostorius ....
To Didius Gallus
who again supports Cartimandua against her subjects
To Veranius Nepos
The coining of Suetonius Paulinus
His campaign in north-western Wales .
Boudicca .....
Revolt of Boudicca
Death of Prasutagus and treatment of his heirs
Beginning of the revolt
Fall of Colchester
Rout of the Ninth legion
Suetonius reaches London and evacuates it
Destruction of London and Verulam .
Defeat of Boudicca
Suppression of the revolt
Severity of the governor
The new procurator, Classicianus, opposes him
Nero s special commission supports Classicianus
The views of Tacitus ....
83
84
85
85
85
86
86
87
87
CONTENTS
VII. FROM BOUDICCA TO AGRICOLA
The later years of Nero
Peaceful state of Britain .
The revolt of Vindex
The civil wars
Insubordination of the legions
Fall of Cartimandua
Revolt of Civilis.
Accession of Vespasian .
Petillius Cerialis .
Julius Frontinus .
Julius Agricola
His character
His first campaigns
His Caledonian war
Perdomita Britannia
The sequel
VIII. THE MAKING OF THE FRONTIER
Trajan s reign
The Roman idea of a frontier
The fortified road
The continuous barrier .
Domitian s frontiers
The Trajanic frontier in Britain
The Vallum
Its character .
Views as to its purpose and date
It is not the Trajanic frontier .
The Stanegate .
Reorganization in Trajan s reign
The accession of Hadrian .
His work in Britain
The prelude to it:
(a) a disaster in Britain
(*) frontier-work in Germany .
Comparison between his British and German frontiers
Hadrian s Wall .
The Vallum and its probable function
fhe budding of the Wall
Its garrison
The Roman army in Britain at this time.
Auxiliaries .
Legions
Native fortification in Wales
IX. THE FRONTIER AFTER HADRIAN
ineAntonineWall
Peculiarities in its design.....
3720-1 B ....
b
XV
105
105
106
106
106
107
108
108
109
no
3
113
114
5
116
118
120
121
121
122
122
124
124
124
125
126
126
127
128
129
129
130
130
131
132
135
136
37
i38
139
139
140
140
xvi CONTENTS
How it was garrisoned .
Economies in construction
Comparison with the contemporary outer limes in Germany
Reasons for these peculiarities
Motives for the creation of the Antonine Wall
Consequent redistribution of military units
History of the Antonine Wall
Its building ....
The Brigantian revolt and Julius Verus .
Was the Antonine Wall involved ?
Another British war and Calpurnius Agricola
The disaster under Commodus .
Restoration by Ulpius Marcellus
Evacuation of the Antonine Wall
The civil wars of 193-197
Clodius Albinus .
The Maeatian invasion
Septimius Severus
Virius Lupus in Britain
Severus repairs Hadrian s Wall
His wars in northern Britain
141
142
143
J 43
146
147
148
148
149
150
150
151
53
154
154
55
157
157
157
158
159
Book III. BRITAIN UNDER ROMAN RULE
X. THE MACHINERY OF GOVERNMENT
The Imperial officials 161
Legatus Augusti pro praetore 161
Legati legionum . 161
Legati iuridici 162
Procurators 162
Their work 163
Taxation 163
Imperial property . 163
Self-government . 164
Colonies 164
The municipium . 165
Constitution, c, of such towns 165
Smaller urban communities (via) 166
Tribal res publicae 166
Their general character 167
Their number and position 167
The concilium provincial . ? 169
The capital of Roman Britain 170
Colchester 170
London .... 170
The administrative position of York 171
The Severan subdivision into two provinces . 172
CONTENTS
XL THE PEOPLE
Distribution of the population
Sources of information .
The lowland zone
The highland zone
Prehistoric character of this distribution .
Density of the population .
Rise or fall in population during the Roman period
In the lowland zone
In the highland zone
Immigration ....
Analysis of epigraphic evidence .
Transplantations in the later Imperial age
The evidence of physical anthropology .
XII. THE TOWNS
The town as the vehicle of civilization
Contrast between Graeco-Roman and northern
For Rome, to civilize Britain meant to urbanize
The precedent of Gaul .
The rise of town-life in Roman Britain
Mushroom-growth under Claudius
Destruction by Boudicca.
Reconstruction in more orderly fashion .
Flavian town-planning .
Characteristics of these towns
Their Romanizing function
Resistance to this movement, and evidence of its decline
New impulse with Hadrian s visit
Romano-British town-life at its apogee
Number of towns
Their size in acres
Their population
Their economic relation to the country-side
Their political and cultural function
Their buildings and streets
Workshops and dwelling-houses .
Baths, water-supply, amusements, temples, walls
The decay of the towns
Archaeological evidence for it
The general decay of town-life in the Empire
Begins in the third century
Rostovtzeff s theory of its causes .
Checked by the work of Constantius Chlorus
Renewed in the fourth century .
XIII. THE COUNTRY-SIDE
Agriculture in Roman Britain
Agriculture based on towns and forts
208
208
xviii CONTENTS
Villas and villages ..... ? 209
The relation between them .... . 209
They imply two economic systems . 210
Two types of field ..... . 210
The aratrum and caruca..... . 211
The distinction pre-Roman . . 212
The villa system ...... ? 213
Its pre-Roman origin . . . . . ? 213
Its growth under Roman rule . . . . . 214
Its function as an instrument of Romanization ? 215
Its prosperity outlasts that of the towns . ? 215
Distribution of villas . . . . . . 217
Their choice of sites . 217
Their architecture . 217
Origin of their plan . 218
Size and degree of civilization . 219
Economic functions ? 219
Land-tenure . 220
Crops, live stock, produce . 220
The villages . 221
Their general character . . 221
Romanization . . 222
Rise or fall in their population . . 222
Legal status of their inhabitants . . 224
Condition of the peasantry ? 225
XIV. INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
Industry ...... . 226
Sketch of the development of Romano-British industry . 226
Effects of the conquest .... . 226
Reaction of producers to the new conditions . 227
Equilibrium reached in third century . 227
Collapse at the end of the fourth. . 228
Mining and minerals . . 228
Ownership and labour . . . 228
Gold . . ? 229
Argentiferous lead . ? 229
Mendips . ? 229
Flintshire . ? 230
Shropshire ¦ - 230
Derbyshire . ? 230
Yorkshire and Alston Moor . ? 230
Tin . ? 230
Copper . . ? 231
Coal . . ? 231
Iron . ? 232
Iron-smelting . ? 233
Ownership and organization . ¦ 233
Metal-working industries . ? 234
CONTENTS
Iron goods
Bronze-working
Goldsmiths and silversmiths
Glass ....
Pottery ....
History of the pottery industry
Triumph of large-scale production
Legionary and auxiliary potteries
Bricks and tiles .
Textiles ....
Fulling-establishments in villas
Development of the woollen industry
Communications .
Roads: general character of the Roman system
Local traffic .
The imperial post
Construction of roads .
Water-borne traffic
Coinage ....
Commerce
Imports....
Exports ....
Supposed export of wheat under Julian
Internal trade .
Town fora and country markets
Hawkers and pedlars .
Trade across the frontiers
With Scotland
With Ireland .
XV. ART
Celtic art in pre-Roman Britain ....
Its specialized and abstract character
Its high quality ....??
Inartistic character of Romano-British civilization .
The problems to which this contrast gives rise
Contrast between the La Tene tradition and the Graeco-Roman
Impossibility of fusing these two traditions .
Apparent exception: the Bath Gorgon
Its Celtic character .....
Absence of British analogues to it
Metal-work ......
Survival of Celtic style in the north
In Ireland and unconquered Scodand .
Pottery .......
Celtic tendencies in Castor and New Forest wares
Celtic revival under the late Empire
Hanging-bowls ......
Conditions of this revival ....
xx CONTENTS
XVI. RELIGION
Contrast between artistic and religious conditions in Roman Britain 261
The worship of the official Roman gods ... . .261
Iuppiter. . . ? ? ? ? .262
Mars . . . ? ? ? ? .262
Mercury and others . ... . . . 263
Genii . . . ? ? ? ? .263
Eastern religions ....... 263
Celtic religion ....... 264
Local gods ....... 264
Sulis, Nodens ....... 264
Brigantia and the gods of the frontier district . . . 265
Celtic gods and Roman worshippers .... 266
Romano-Celtic temples ...... 267
Their lowland-zone distribution and semi-Roman character . 267
Celtic gods imported from the Continent.... 268
Vitiris ........ 268
Lack of unity in Romano-British paganism.... 269
Christianity ....... 270
Legends and testimonies concerning its early growth . .270
The fourth century ...... 270
Bishops and councils . . . . . .271
Archaeological evidences ..... 272
Situation at the end of the century . . . .273
Book IV. THE END OF ROMAN BRITAIN
XVII. FROM SEVERUS TO HONORIUS
The early third century ? 274
The Gallic Empire ? 274
The age of reorganization . ? 275
Piracy and the Classis Britannica . ? 275
Maximian as Caesar in Gaul ? 275
Carausius . 276
Allectus. ? 277
Constantius Chlorus in Britain ? 277
Reconstruction of the Wall ? 277
Towns rebuilt. ? 277
Saxon shore fortified . . 278
Diocletian s new imperial system ? 279
The Tetrarchy . 280
The Provinces. . 280
The Army . 280
The new system in Britain . 281
The House of Constantine . . 281
Constantine the Great . . 281
Constans . 282
Magnentius ? 283
CONTENTS
Constantius II .
Julian .
The House of Valentinian .
The great Pictish war
Count Theodosius in Britain
Reconstruction of the Wall
Signal-stations in Yorkshire
Valentia
Gratian .
Magnus Maximus
The end of the Wall
The House of Theodosius
Stilicho in Britain
item per lincam valli
Cunedda
283
283
284
284
284
285
285
286
287
287
287
288
288
289
289
XVIII. THE END OF ROMAN RULE
Constantine III . . . . . .291
The Gothic war ....... 291
Usurpers in Britain . . . . . .291
The rescript of Honorius ..... 292
The controversy concerning a Roman reoccupation of Britain after
4 ° ........ 292
Continental writers ...... 292
Gildas ........ 293
Lack of archaeological evidence ..... 294
The evidence of coins ...... 295
The Notitia Dignitatum ...... 295
Bury s view ....... 295
Its breakdown over the case of the Wall . . . 296
The argument from the count of Britain . . . 297
Extent and character of the reoccupation .... 299
The evidence of coins ...... 299
Dating of the reoccupation . . . . -301
XIX. BRITAIN IN THE FIFTH CENTURY
Condition of Britain early in the fifth century . . . 302
Effects of barbarian raids ..... 302
Towns not destroyed ...... 302
Villas decayed ...... 302
The nature of this decay ..... 303
Money no longer much used .... 303
Peasant revolts and their consequences . . . 303
Analogy with Gaul ..... 304
Evidence from St. Patrick s life . . . .305
Growth of Christianity ...... 305
British affairs from 400 to 450 ..... 306
Tribal governments ruling the country .... 306
CONTENTS
The first visit of St. Germanus. . . . . 306
Incompetence of these governments . 307
Economic state of the country . 307
Spiritual conditions: Christianity . 308
Pelagius ....... 308
Fastidius ....... 309
Ninian ....... 310
Caelestinus and Patrick . 3ii
Ecclesiastical contact between Britain and Rome 3ii
The date of Easter ...... 3ii
Pelagianism. ...... 3i*
Germanus ....??? 312
Decay of Irish piracy ...... 312
Condition of Britain about 450 .... 313
The departure of the Romans : its effect on Romanization anc
prosperity ...... 3«3
Vortigern and his times . 3i4
A new political order in Britain 3i4
Efficiency of this order .... ? 3i5
Its lower moral and cultural standards ¦ 3i5
The backwash of Celticism .... ¦ 316
The disappearance of Roman civilization . ? 316
Two extreme theories ..... ? 3i7
The waste chesters . . . . . - 3i7
Evidence of evacuation but not of massacre ? 318
No such evacuation in the highland zone ? 3i9
Wars between Britons and Saxons .... ? 3i9
The wars of Ambrosius . . ? 3i9
Wansdyke and other military works ? 3i9
Arthur . . . . . . . ? 320
The testimony of the Historia Brittonum. ? 32°
Interpretation of the testimony ? 321
Book V. THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS, by j. n. l. myres
XX. THE SOURCES FOR THE PERIOD: ANGLES, SAXONS,
AND JUTES ON THE CONTINENT
Importance of the period ....
Causes of its obscurity ....
Deficiencies of the literary evidence
Unsatisfactory character of the archaeological evidence
Evidence of place-names
A geographical approach essential .
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes on the Continent
Views of Bede and Procopius . .
Tacitus and Ptolemy on the North German tribes
Question of the Chauci ....
325
326
327
330
332
333
336
336
338
339
CONTENTS
Saxon expansion and congestion .
Increasing weakness of Roman frontiers .
Difficulty of distinguishing between Angles and Saxons
Problem of the Jutes ....
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes in Britain
Great tribal confusion ....
Inadequacy of Bede s distinctions
The archaeological evidence
Summary: importance of other than tribal distinctions
340
342
343
345
347
348
349
349
35o
XXI. THE COURSE OF THE CONQUEST IN KENT AND
THE SOUTH-EAST
When did the Anglo-Saxon setdement begin? . . . 352
Reasons for dating the Adventus Saxonum about the middle of the
fifth century ....... 353
Difficulty of the Gaulish chronicles .... 353
Uncertainty of the archaeological evidence . . . 355
The literary tradition of the settlement of Kent . . -357
Its intrinsic probability ...... 359
The distribution of Kentish cemeteries .... 360
Their relation to that of the early lathes . . . .361
Composite character of Kentish culture . . . .361
Its bearing on the Jutish problem .... 363
The Jutes of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight . . -364
Their probable derivation from Kent .... 364
Date of their settlement ...... 365
Settlement of the South Saxons ..... 366
The literary tradition ...... 367
The place-names of Sussex ..... 368
The South Saxon cemeteries ..... 368
Settlement of Surrey ...... 369
Evidence of archaeology and heathen names . . . 370
Relation of Surrey to Middlesex . . . . . 371
The position of London in the age of setdement . . . 372
Problem of the East Saxons ..... 372
Condition of Essex in the Roman and Saxon periods: a backward
area ........ 373
Importance of the place-names ..... 375
Contrast with Kent ...... 376
The common features in the setdement of the south-east . . 377
Similarities of culture, institutions, and place-names . . 377
The extent of treaty setdement in the literary sources . . 378
Chronology of the story in Gildas .... 379
Its relevance to the Anglo-Saxon traditions . . .380
iElle of Sussex, the first Bretwalda . . . .380
Historical reconstruction of the age of setdement in the south-
cast . . . . . . . .381
xxiv CONTENTS
XXII. THE FENLANDS, EAST ANGLIA, AND THE PROBLEM
OF WESSEX
Importance of the fenlands in the Anglo-Saxon settlement
Condition of the fens in the fifth century.
Early settlement of the valleys that converge on them
Comparison with Roman times .
Extent of settlement based on the fenlands .
East Anglia .....
Archaeological evidence for Teutonic occupation in the fifth
century ....
Probable fusion of early independent communities in the sixth
century ... . . .
The expansion of East Anglia and the Cambridgeshire Dykes
Importance of the Icknield Way as a route to the upper Thames
The problem of Wessex
Character of the upper Thames valley
Its early occupation by West Saxons
Did they come from the Cambridge region?
Archaeological parallels with Middle Anglia
Conflict with the West Saxon traditions ?
Character of these traditions examined .
Archaeological evidence for the settlement of Hampshire and
Wiltshire ......
Suggestion of a late occupation supported by the place-names
Was the later Wessex settled mainly from the north or south?
Meaning of the Wansdyke ....
The southern origin of the house of Cerdic
Who were the Gewissae?
Archaeological and institutional evidence for the settlement of the
middle Thames valley.
Signs of a British enclave between the upper Thames and Middle
Anglia .....
Anglo-Saxon penetration of the Midlands .
The Hwicce .....
Mixed Anglo-Saxon occupation of the Avon valley .
Early exploitation of forest land in the Midlands .
XXIII. THE HUMBRENSES
The Humber estuary a focus of early setdement
Probable extension to Mercia and Bernicia
Frisian connexions of the Humbrenses of Deira .
The Roman cultural background here much weaker than in the
south ......
The settlement of Lindsey: its geographical isolation
The position of Lincoln in the period of settlement
The earliest Mercia, south of the Trent
Its northward expansion
The Yorkshire Wolds as the centre of Deira
383
384
386
387
388
389
389
390
391
393
393
394
395
395
396
396
397
399
401
402
402
403
404
4°5
407
408
409
409
410
411
412
412
4 3
4»3
414
416
417
418
4i9
420
420
421
422
422
422
CONTENTS
Early settlements round York .....
Expansion northwards to the Tees valley
Bernicia settled late and from the sea . . . [
But the settlers came from the Humbrenses
Struggles of the Bernicians with the Britons recorded by Historia
Brittonum .....
Character of the Bernician setdement ....
Summary of the course of the Anglo-Saxon invasions . . ,?..
Relation of the historic kingdoms to the earliest areas of setdement 423
Ceawlin and the later Wessex ..... 424
XXIV. THE CHARACTER OF THE CONQUEST
The problem of continuity between Roman Britain and Saxon
England ......
Recent increases of knowledge have not brought final answers
Illustrations from anthropology and place-name study .
The problem of urban continuity ....
Necessity of further topographical study .
Difficulties in interpreting the topographical evidence
Literary evidence on problem of urban continuity
Can we believe Gildas? .....
Non-urban atmosphere of British and Saxon literary tradition
The Christian Church and the fate of the towns .
Saxon attitude to town life
The situation in Kent .
Case of London .
The problem of the country-side
Breakdown of the villa-system .
Romano-British and Saxon villages
Differences of agricultural equipment and method
The contrast more complete in Wessex than elsewhere
Interpretation of the Kentish evidence .
The survival of the Romano-British people .
Weakness of the case for extermination .
Anthropological opinion.
Native persistence in later laws of Wessex and Kent
Evidence of Burial Customs
The revival of Celtic Art .....
Summary survey of the state of England soon after the middle of the
sixth century
Conclusion
APPENDIXES TO BOOK V
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BOOKS I-IV
BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR BOOK V
INDEX
425
425
426
427
428
429
43i
432
434
435
436
436
437
440
440
441
442
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
450
45i
455
457
462
478
491
LIST OF MAPS
I. Roman Britain .....
II. Villas and Villages in Hampshire and Wiltshire .
III. Chief Areas of Roman Mining in Britain.
IV. (a) Local Cults of Celtic Religion; (b) and (c)
Dedications to certain Celtic Gods of the
Frontier Region
V. The Continental Background to the English Settle-
ments .
VI. The South-east of Britain
VII. The Fenland Settlement Area
VIII. The Growth of Wessex .
IX. The Humbrenses
X. The Growth of the English Settiements
To face page i
,, 210
? 228
» 265
Page 334
To face page 359
? 383
Page 392
To face page 411
? 456
|
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| author | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Myres, John N. L. 1902- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)118676636 (DE-588)104348917 |
| author_facet | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Myres, John N. L. 1902- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 |
| author_variant | r g c rg rgc j n l m jnl jnlm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV000918274 |
| classification_rvk | NH 7730 NK 2100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)231876985 (DE-599)BVBBV000918274 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| era | Geschichte Anfänge-550 gnd Geschichte 1-500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte Anfänge-550 Geschichte 1-500 |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:21:16Z |
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| spelling | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Verfasser (DE-588)118676636 aut Roman Britain and the English settlements by R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres 2. ed. Oxford Clarendon Press 1937 XXV, 515 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The Oxford history of England 1 Literaturverz. S. [462] - 489 Geschichte Anfänge-550 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1-500 gnd rswk-swf Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd rswk-swf England (DE-588)4014770-8 gnd rswk-swf Britannien (DE-588)4069666-2 gnd rswk-swf Britannien (DE-588)4069666-2 g Geschichte Anfänge-550 z DE-604 England (DE-588)4014770-8 g Geschichte 1-500 z 1\p DE-604 Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 s 2\p DE-604 Myres, John N. L. 1902- Verfasser (DE-588)104348917 aut The Oxford history of England 1 (DE-604)BV003731996 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000564110&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Collingwood, Robin G. 1889-1943 Myres, John N. L. 1902- Roman Britain and the English settlements The Oxford history of England Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054858-2 (DE-588)4014770-8 (DE-588)4069666-2 |
| title | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_auth | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_exact_search | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_full | Roman Britain and the English settlements by R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
| title_fullStr | Roman Britain and the English settlements by R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
| title_full_unstemmed | Roman Britain and the English settlements by R. G. Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres |
| title_short | Roman Britain and the English settlements |
| title_sort | roman britain and the english settlements |
| topic | Siedlung (DE-588)4054858-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Siedlung England Britannien |
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