The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Berlin
Akad.-Verl.
1987
|
| Series: | Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik
8. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | 120 S. |
| ISBN: | 3055002342 3055002423 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Akad.-Verl. |c 1987 | |
| 300 | |a 120 S. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik |v 8. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cathodes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cathodic protection | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electric discharges through gases | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Thermionic emission | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kathode |0 (DE-588)4163451-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
THE MECHANISM
OF THE THERMOENIITTING ARE CATHODE
BY WERNER NEUMANN
WITH 31 FIGURES AND 6 TABLES
AKADEMIE-VERLAG BERLIN
1987
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
LIST OF SYMBOLS 10
INTRODUETION 15
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE SELF-SUSTAINED THERMOEMITTING ARE CATHODE 17
BASIC PROCESSES AND LOEAL POWER BALANCE» IN THE CATHODE REGION 19
ELECTRON EMISSION 19
P U RE THERMAL ELECTRON EMISSION 19
FIELD-ENHANCED THERMOELECTRON EMISSION 22
INFLUENCE OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON FIELD-ENHANCED THERMOELECTRON EMISSION
. .. 23
INFLUENEE OF MICROFIELD M U C T U A T I ON ON FIELD-ENHANCED
THERMOELECTRON EMISSION . 23 SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION (; -EMISSION)
25
CURRENT TRANSPORT AND POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION IN T HE SPACE-CHARGE ZONE
27
SIMPLIFIED MODEL OF T HE SPACE-CHARGE ZONE 27
IMPROVED MODEL OF T HE SPACE-CHARGE ZONE; INFLUENCE OF T HE REVERSE
ELECTRON CURRENT ON T HE POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTION 28
POWER BALANCE IN T HE IONIZATION ZONE 33
CASE A: J TT G; JX 33
CASE B: J ET ; , , 34
GENERAL CASE: J ET = ? -, 34
LOCAL POWER BALANCE AT T HE CATHODE SURFACE * . 34
FORMULATION OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR A CATHODE
WITH TF-EMISSION, AND GENERA! SOLUTION SCHEINE 38
THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF BALANCE EQUATIONS 38
GENERAL SOLUTION SCHEME FOR T HE CATHODE BALANCE EQUATIONS 42
SPECIAL MODEL SOLUTIONS FOR THE CATHODE BALANCE EQUATIONS 44
SOLUTIONS OF T HE BALANCE EQUATIONS ON T HE BASIS OF SIMPLIFIED CATHODE
MODELS . . 44
OVERSIMPLIFIED MODEL OF T HE CATHODE SPOT FIXED ON A SEMIINFINITE
CATHODE BODY. PRESENTATION OF T HE INCOMPLETE SYSTEM OF BALANCE
EQUATIONS 44
DERIVATION OF CATHODE SPOT D A TA IN T HE F R A ME OF THE OVERSIMPLIFIED
CATHODE MODEL BY MAKING USE OF STEENBECK S MINIMUM PRINCIPLE FOR
COMPLETING THE SYSTEM OF BALANCE EQUATIONS 45
DERIVATION OF CATHODE SPOT DATA IN T HE F R A ME OF T HE OVERSIMPLIFIED
CATHODE SPOT MODEL BY MAKING USE OF THE MATCHING CONDITIONS FOR T HE
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT AT THE CATHODE SPOT EDGE FOR COMPLETING T HE SYSTEM
OF BALANCE EQUATIONS 49
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS OBTAINED WITH THE OVERSIMPLIFIED CATHODE SPOT
MODEL . .. 50
EXTENSION OF T HE OVERSIMPLIFIED CATHODE SPOT MODEL TO A ROD-SHAPED
CATHODE BODY OF FINITE L E N G T H; INDICATION FOR T HE EXISTENCE OF A
SPOTLESS CATHODE MODE . . .. 53
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
EXTENSION OF THE OVERSIMPLIFIED CATHODE SPOT MODEL TO A RADIATION-COOLED
LONG CATHODE CYLINDER 56
EXTENSION OF T HE OVERSIMPLIFIED CATHODE SPOT MODEL TO A
RADIATION-COOLED SPHERICAL CATHODE BODY 57
SIMPLE MODEL OF T HE SPOTLESS CATHODE MODE 58
SPECIAL SOLUTIONS OF T HE BALANCE EQUATIONS FOR A THERMOEMITTING ARE
CATHODE ON T HE BASIS OF REFINED CATHODE MODELS 59
THE CASE OF ARBITRARY CATHODE GEOMETRY 60
THE CASE OF A LONG THIN CATHODE CYLINDER, AND T HE CASE OF T HE
THIN-WALLED HOLLOW CATHODE CYLINDER 61
CALCULATION OF CATHODE SPOT D A TA ON THE BASIS OF SEMIEMPIRICAL CATHODE
MODELS . . 62 CATHODE BEHAVIOUR IN T HE CASE OF ALTERNATING CURRENT ARES
63
DEPARTURES FROM IDEALIZED THERMOCATHODE BEHAVIOUR 67
NONUNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRON EMISSION PROPERTIES ON THE CATHODE
SURFACE . 67 APPEARANCE OF MULTIPLE CATHODE SPOTS 68
CATHODE EROSION 68
CATHODE CONSUMPTION DUE TO EVAPORATION 68
THERMAL ETCHING AS RESULT OF CURRENT MODULATION AND RELATED PHENOMENA .
.. 73
EXHAUSTION OF E M I T T ER SUBSTANCE WITH SUBSEQUENT OVERHEATING 75
CHEMICAL T R A N S P O RT OF CATHODE SUBSTANCE 75
INFLUENCE OF THE DISCHARGE MEDIUM ON T HE WORK FUNCTION 77
MODIFICATION OF T HE WORK FUNCTION DUE TO SURFACE ADSORPTION 77
MODIFICATION OF T HE WORK FUNCTION DUE TO P E N E T R A T I ON OF T HE
DISCHARGE MEDIUM INTO T HE CATHODE BODY 79
LOWERING OF T HE WORK FUNCTION DUE TO DIELECTRIC INTERACTION WITH T HE
DISCHARGE MEDIUM (PRESSURE-ENHANCED THERMOELECTRON EMISSION) 80
CONTAMINATION OF T HE DISCHARGE MEDIUM IN F R O NT OF T HE CATHODE BY
CATHODE VAPOUR 80 DECOMPOSITION OF T HE DISCHARGE MEDIUM IN F R O NT OF
T HE CATHODE DUE TO CATAPHORESIS 81
SPECIAL PHENOMENA RELATING TO THE THERMOEMITTING ARE CATHODE 82
TRANSITION FROM T HE CATHODE SPOT MODE TO T HE SPOTLESS CATHODE MODE . .
. . .. 82
THE DISCONTINUOUS CHARACTER OF T HE TRANSITION. EXISTENCE OF A CRITICAL
CURRENT INTEN-SITY, AND TEMPORAL BEHAVIOUR OF T HE TRANSITION 82
DEPENDENCE OF T HE CRITICAL CURRENT I N T E N S I TY ON T HE DESIGN P A
R A M E T ER 83
THE REVERSE TRANSITION FROM T HE SPOTLESS CATHODE MODE TO T HE CATHODE
SPOT MODE. VARIATION OF T HE CRITICAL CURRENT I N T E N S I TY AS RESULT
OF CHANGING SURFACE CONDITIONS 86 THE CATHODE PLASMA J ET 86
T HE CATHODIC PLASMA SPHERE 87
TRANSITION BETWEEN THE THERMOCATHODE MODE (T-MODE) AND ALTERNATIVE MODES
OF SELF-SUSTAINED CATHODE OPERATION 88
CHARACTERIZATION OF T HE GLOW MODE (G-MODE) OF CATHODE OPERATION 88
CHARACTERIZATION OF T HE VAPOUR MODE (V-MODE) OF CATHODE OPERATION 89
TRANSITION BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL ELECTRON EMISSION MODES IN T HE CASE
OF REFRACTORY CATHODES 92
TRANSITION BETWEEN THE T- AND T HE V-MODE DUE TO VARIATION OF PRESSURE
OR CURRENT INTENSITY 92
TRANSITION BETWEEN THE T- AND T HE G-MODE DUE TO VARIATION OF CURRENT
INTENSITY . 9.3
CATHODE MODE TRANSITION IN T HE STARTING PHASE OF A SELF-SUSTAINED GAS
DISCHARGE . 93
THE INITIAL CATHODE MODE IN DEPENDENCE ON T HE EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS .
. .. 93
CATHODE MODE TRANSITION WHEN T HE INITIAL MODE IS T HE G-MODE 94
TRANSITION FROM T HE V-MODC TO THE FINAL T-MODE 95
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
! )
!). EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF CATHODE DATA 96
9 . 1. DETERMINATION OF THE CATHODE DROP VOLTAGE 96
9.1.1. P O T E N T I AL PROBE METHOD 96
9.1.2. DETERMINATION OF THE CATHODE DROP FROM ARE VOLTAGE-ARC LCNGTH
CHARACTERISTICS . 98
9.1.3. CALORIMETRIC METHODS 99
9.2. DETERMINATION OF T HE LOEAL CATHODE T E M P E R A T U RE 102
9.2.1. OPTICA! METHODS 102
9.2.2. THERMOCOUPLE MEASUREMENTS 104
9.3. DETERMINATION OF CURRENT DENSITY IN F R O NT OF T HE CATHODE 105
9.3.1. DETERMINATION OF T HE CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY FROM T HE VISIBLE
RADIUS OF THE
CATHODE ROOT 105
9.3.2. DETERMINATION OF T HE CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY FROM T (. AND UC
105
9.3.3. DETERMINATION OF T HE CATHODE CURRENT DENSITY J C FROM THE RADIAL
DISTRIBUTION OF
PLASMA TEMPERATURE TJR) IN F R O NT OF T HE CATHODE 107
9.4. DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE IN F R O NT OF T HE CATHODE 107
9.5. DETERMINATION OF CATHODE MATERIAL PROPERTIES 108
9.5.1. DETERMINATION OF ELECTRON EMISSION CONSTANTS (AR, T ) USING
CONVENTIONAL METHODS 108 9.5.2. IN-SITU DETERMINATION OF ELECTRON
EMISSION CONSTANTS 108
9.5.3. DETERMINATION OF T HE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY X AND ELECTRICAL
RESISTIVITY P OF THE
CATHODE MATERIAL FROM ARE EXPERIMENTS 110
10. REFERENEES 111
1 1. SUBJEET INDEX 119
|
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| id | DE-604.BV000834371 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:20:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3055002342 3055002423 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 120 S. |
| publishDate | 1987 |
| publishDateSearch | 1987 |
| publishDateSort | 1987 |
| publisher | Akad.-Verl. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik |
| series2 | Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik |
| spelling | Neumann, Werner Verfasser aut The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode Berlin Akad.-Verl. 1987 120 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik 8. Cathodes Cathodic protection Electric discharges through gases Thermionic emission Kathode (DE-588)4163451-2 gnd rswk-swf Glühkathode (DE-588)4192629-8 gnd rswk-swf Thermische Elektronenemission (DE-588)4185126-2 gnd rswk-swf Thermische Elektronenemission (DE-588)4185126-2 s Kathode (DE-588)4163451-2 s DE-604 Glühkathode (DE-588)4192629-8 s Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik 8. (DE-604)BV023697568 8. GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000524006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Neumann, Werner The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode Ergebnisse der Plasmaphysik und der Gaselektronik Cathodes Cathodic protection Electric discharges through gases Thermionic emission Kathode (DE-588)4163451-2 gnd Glühkathode (DE-588)4192629-8 gnd Thermische Elektronenemission (DE-588)4185126-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4163451-2 (DE-588)4192629-8 (DE-588)4185126-2 |
| title | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_auth | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_exact_search | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_full | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_fullStr | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_full_unstemmed | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_short | The mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| title_sort | the mechanism of the thermoemitting arc cathode |
| topic | Cathodes Cathodic protection Electric discharges through gases Thermionic emission Kathode (DE-588)4163451-2 gnd Glühkathode (DE-588)4192629-8 gnd Thermische Elektronenemission (DE-588)4185126-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Cathodes Cathodic protection Electric discharges through gases Thermionic emission Kathode Glühkathode Thermische Elektronenemission |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000524006&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023697568 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT neumannwerner themechanismofthethermoemittingarccathode |