Middle East: past and present
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Prentice-Hall
1986
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 466 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0135815541 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804115251076005888 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Yahya Armajani
JAMES WALLACE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY, EMERITUS
MACALESTER COLLEGE
Thomas M Ricks
BIRZEIT UNIVERSITY
MIDDLE EAST
past and present
Second Edition
PRENTICE-HALL, INC , Englewood Cliffs, N J 07632
Contents
PREFACE xi
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION xiii
INTRODUCTION I
The Land, 2 The People, 7
Religious Groups, 8 Diversity and Unity, 10
Nationalism, 14 Islam 19
PART I THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE
1 THE MIDDLE EAST BEFORE ISLAM 21
The Sabaeans and the Nabataeans, 22
The Byzantjnes and the Sasanids, 23 Mecca and the Ka ba, 25
2 MUHAMMAD: THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH 28
The Call and the Night of Power, 29 The Move to Medina, 32
The Merging of Government and Religion 33
The Jewish Question, 34 The Wars with Mecca, 35
3 ISLAM: THE MESSAGE OF ALLAH 38
Articles of Belief, 39 Articles of Practice, 42
4 THE ADVENT OF THE ISLAMIC STATE 45
The Problem of Succession, 45 Abu Bakr, 46
Umar, 47 Uthman, 51 Ali, 52
5 THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT 55
The Expansion of the Empire, 58 Life and Leisure, 59
Administration, 60 Claimants for the Caliphate, 61
Arabs versus Other Muslims, 63
6 THE ABBASID EMPIRE: A NEW ERA 65
Abbasid Religious Policy, 66 Government and Administration, 69
Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture, 71
Foreign Relations, 72 Abbasid Society, 73
Fragmentation of the Empire, 74
7 REUGION AND LAW UNDER THE ABBASIDS 78
Theology and Religion, 80 Shi ism, 82
Sufism, 84 Law, 85 Ethics, 87
8 THE SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES UNDER THE ABBASIDS 88
The Sciences, 91 The Humanities, 93
Architecture and the Arts, 95
vii
CONTENTS
PART II HEIRS AND INNOVATORS OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE
9 ISLAMIC LANDS ON THE DEFENSIVE
The Crusades, 99 The Mamluks, 102 The Mongols, 103
10 THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Timur (1336-1404), 111
11 SOCIETY AND CULTURE UNDER THE OTTOMANS
The Army, 116 Administration, 117
Non-Muslims, 121 Arab-Speaking Regions, 121
Cultural Life, 122 The Economy, 124 Society, 125
12 THE SAFAVIDS AND THEIR IMPERIAL INSTITUTIONS
Shah Esma il, 128 Years of Uncertainty, 130
Shah Abbas, 131 Administration, 133 The Economy, 134
13 SOCIETY AND CULTURE UNDER THE SAFAVIDS
Shi i Theology, 139 Society, 140
Life in the Capital and Larger Towns, 141
Literature and Art, 143
14 TWO CENTURIES OF RELATIONS WITH EUROPE
Portugal and Spain, 146 The Sherley Brothers, 147
The Dutch, 149 The End Results, 149
Nader Shah and Karim Khan Zand, 151
PART III IMPERIALISM, REFORMS, AND INNOVATIONS
15 IMPERIALISM AND THE OTTOMANS
The Period of Disintegration, 155 European Rivalry, 158
Traditional Reforms, 161 Greek Independence, 162
The Crimean War, 163 Dismemberment of the Empire, 164
16 THE OTTOMAN AND TURKISH AWAKENING
Tanzimat, 167 The Young Ottomans, 170
The Young Turks, 172
17 IMPERIALISM AND THE ARABIC-SPEAKING PEOPLES
The Rise of Muhammad Ali, 177 Syria-Lebanon, 179
The Persian Gulf, 180 The Suez Canal, 181
European Intervention and British Occupation, 182
The First Egyptian Revolt, 183 Egypt under the British, 184
18 RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL MOVEMENTS IN ISLAM
Wahhabism, 187 Pan-Islamism, 188
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, 188 Muhammad Abduh, 191
Salafiyyah, 192 The Mahdiyyah Movement, 193
19 THE ARAB AWAKENING
The Beginnings of Arab Nationalism, 198
Egyptian Nationalism, 200
CONTENTS ix
20 IMPERIALISM AND THE IRANIANS 203
Iranian Oil: The First Phase, 210
21 THE IRANIAN AWAKENING 213
Influences from the West, 215
The Constitutional Revolution, 217
PART IV THE MAKING OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST
22 THE MIDDLE EAST IN WORLD WAR I 223
Egypt and Lord Cromer, 223
The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, 225
The Sykes-Picot Agreement, 228
Zionism and the Balfour Declaration, 228
Iran and the British-Russian Rivalry, 233
The Paris Peace Conference, 234
23 THE MAKING OF MODERN TURKEY 239
The Greco-Turkish War, 242 The Treaty of Lausanne, 242
The Turkish Reforms, 243 Turkey and World War II, 249
24 MODERN TURKEY: THE ORDEAL OF A DEMOCRACY 251
The Truman Doctrine, 251 Turkey and the West, 253
The Multiparty Experience, 254
Turkey Under the Democrats, 255
Turkish Secularism, 256 The New Statism, 257
The Coup d Etat of 1960, 258 The Second Turkish Republic, 260
Economic Activities, 261 Coup by Memorandum, 263
Cyprus, 264 Ethnic Minorities, 265
Religion and Government, 265 The Third Turkish Republic, 266
25 THE FERTILE CRESCENT UNDER MANDATE 269
The Iraq Petroleum Company, 270 Faysal and the French, 271
Syria-Lebanon Under Mandate, 272
Iraq Under Mandate, 275 Transjordan Under Mandate, 279
The League of Arab States 280
26 MODERN SYRIA AND LEBANON 282
The Making of Modern Syria, 283
The Making of Modern Lebanon, 288
27 MODERN IRAQ AND JORDAN 298
The Making of Modern Iraq, 299
The Making of Modern Jordan, 307
28 THE ARABIAN PENINSULA AND THE PERSIAN GULF
SHAYKHDOMS 314
The Making of Modern Saudi Arabia, 316
The Making of Modern North and South Yaman, 325
The Making of Modern Oman, 335
The Persian Gulf Shaykhdoms, 338
X CONTENTS
29 THE STRUGGLE FOR PALESTINE
Palestine Under Mandate, 351
The United States and Palestine, 359
The Anglo-American Commission, 360
The United Nations Commission, 361
30 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE JEWISH STATE OF ISRAEL 363
War in Palestine, 363 The Arab-Israeli War of 1948-1949, 364
Israel: A Zionist State, 367
The Six-Day War and Its Aftermath, 371
The October (Yom Kippur) War of 1973, 374
Enter Menachem Begin, 375 The Camp David Accord, 375
The Invasion of Lebanon, 377 Israel and the Arab States, 378
The Future of Israel, 379
31 EGYPT: THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE 381
Partial Independence, 381
The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 383 Egyptian Independence, 384
The Social and Intellectual Atmosphere, 385
The Muslim Brotherhood, 386
The Proponents of Secularism, 388
Egypt in World War II, 390 Social and Political Conditions, 391
The Free Officers Club, 391
The Wafd Party and the British, 392
32 THE NEW EGYPT 393
The Revolution of 1952 and the New Regime, 393
Nasser and the Arab World, 396 Sadat s Policies, 407
33 THE SHAPING OF MODERN IRAN 413
The Coup d Etat of 1921, 413
The Russo-Iranian Treaty of 1921, 416
Iranian Oil: The Second Phase, 416
Iranian Oil: The Third Phase, 417
Reza Shah Pahlavi, 418 Iran in World War II, 422
34 IRAN: THE WHITE REVOLUTION AND THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION 425
Iranian Oil: The Fourth Phase, 426
The Aftermath of World War II, 428
Mosaddeq and Oil Nationalization, 430
Economic Recovery and U S Aid, 433
The White Revolution, 436 The Islamic Revolution, 438
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Part I The Rise and Fall of the Islamic Empire, 449
Part II The Heirs and Innovators of the Islamic Empire, 451
Part III Imperialism, Reforms, and Innovations, 453
Part IV The Shaping of the Modern Middle East, 455
INDEX 459
|
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| title | Middle East past and present |
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| title_exact_search | Middle East past and present |
| title_full | Middle East past and present Yahya Armajani ; Thomas M. Ricks |
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| title_short | Middle East |
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| title_sub | past and present |
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