Barriers to European growth: a transatlantic view
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| Weitere Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Washington, D.C.
Brookings Inst.
1987
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 619 S. |
| ISBN: | 0815777701 0815777698 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Barriers to European Growth
A Transatlantic View
ROBERT Z LAWRENCE
CHARLES L SCHULTZE
Editors
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
Washington, D C
Contents
Robert Z Lawrence and Charles L Schultze
Overview 1
Alternative Diagnoses 2
Some Conceptual Issues 12
Findings of This Study 15
A Summary of Conclusions 41
Paul R Krugman
Slow Growth in Europe: Conceptual Issues 48
The Dimensions of Europe s Economic Problems 50
The Mechanism of Slow Growth 57
Underlying Causes 65
Policy Implications 72
Conclusions 75
Comment by Ralf Dahrendorf 76
Comment by Jacques H Dreze 79
Comment by Armin Gutowski 93
General Discussion 99
LABOR, PRODUCT, AND FINANCIAL MARKETS
Gary Burtless
Jobless Pay and High European Unemployment 105
Expected Effect of Insurance on Unemployment 107
Comparing Jobless Pay across Countries 114
Effect of Jobless Pay on Unemployment Differences 139
Summary 152
Data Appendix 155
Comment by Stephen J Nickell 162
Comment by Jules Theeuwes 168
General Discussion 172
ix
X CONTENTS
Robert J Flanagan
Labor Market Behavior and European Economic Growth 175
The Growth of European Unemployment 176
Labor Mobility 187
European Employment as a Hiring Problem 199
Conclusions 211
Comment by Bertil Holmlund 211
Comment by John P Martin 217
General Discussion 226
Charles L Schultze
Real Wages, Real Wage Aspirations, and Unemployment
in Europe 230
Explanations for Rising European Unemployment 230
The Evolution of Real Wages and Profitability in Europe
and the United States, 1960-85 239
The Determinants of Wages and Prices 255
Conclusions 285
Data Source Appendix 287
Comment by Jacques R Artus 292
Comment by Charles R Bean 295
General Discussion 299
Robert Z Lawrence
Trade Performance as a Constraint on European Growth 303
Determinants of Aggregate Trade Performance: A Medium-Term
Perspective 309
Is Trade Deindustrializing Europe? 349
Industrial Structure, Structural Change, and Trade Performance 358
Summary and Conclusions 371
Comment by Alexis Jacquemin 374
General Discussion 381
Robert Z Aliber
Financial Markets and the Growth of Europe 384
The Level of Savings and Economic Growth in Western Europe 392
The Costs of Financial Intermediation 396
The Cost of Capital to European Firms and the Profitability of
Investments in Western Europe 399
Conclusions 407
Comment by Hermann J Dudler 409
Comment by Mario Monti 414
General Discussion 418
CONTENTS Xi
MACROECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS
Paul N Courant
Fiscal Policy and European Economic Growth 423
Fiscal Policy and Stabilization Problems 431
Taxation 457
The Size and Composition of Public Expenditure 474
Conclusions 489
Comment by Willem H Buiter 492
Comment by Gerald Holtham 501
General Discussion 504
Charles L Schultze
Saving, Investment, and Profitability in Europe -508
Saving and Investment: The Historical Record 509
The Determinants of Investment 513
The Determinants of Profitability 520
Investment Requirements for Medium-Term Growth 527
The Effect of Catch-up in Demand on Profitability
and Investment 532
The Sufficiency of National Saving 535
Conclusions 538
Richard N Cooper
External Constraints on European Growth 540
Definition of Terms 540
United Kingdom, 1974-76 545
Italy, 1975-77 552
Federal Republic of Germany, 1979-81 556
France, 1981-83 565
Sweden, 1974-83 573
Denmark, 1979-84 579
Summary and Observations on the Coordination of Policy 580
Comment by Andrea Boltho 591
Comment by Gilles Oudiz 596
General Discussion 599
Conference Participants 603
Name Index 605
Subject Index 609
XH CONTENTS
Tables
Paul R Krugman
1 Annual Growth Rates of Real GDP and Employment, Economic
Community and the United States, 1961-85 51
2 Current Account Balances as Percent of GDP, Four European
Countries and the United States, 1973-86 54
3 Change in Manufacturing Productivity, Four European Countries
and the United States, 1960-84 56
Gary Burtless
1 Percentage of Previous Household Income Maintained during
First and Second Years of Unemployment, United Kingdom,
2 Unemployment Coverage and Outlays in the United Kingdom,
1966-85 122
3 Percentage of Previous Household Income Maintained during
First and Second Years of Unemployment, France, 1980, 1982 124
4 Unemployment Coverage and Outlays in France, 1966-85 126
5 Unemployment Coverage and Outlays in West Germany,
1967-85 130
6 Percentage of Previous Household Income Maintained during
First and Second Years of Unemployment, Sweden, 1980 132
7 Unemployment Coverage and Outlays in Sweden, 1966-85 134
8 Unemployment Coverage and Outlays in the United States,
1966-85 138
9 Differences in Jobless Benefits and Unemployment in Five
Countries, 1979-80 140
10 Civilian Unemployment Rates in Five Countries, 1967-85 142
Robert J Flanagan
1 Nonaccelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment, Four
European Countries, Japan, and the United States, 1971-87 177
2 Interindustry Dispersion of Employment Growth Rates, Four
European Countries, Japan, and the United States, 1960-83 181
3 Index of Mismatch between Unemployment and Vacancies by
Region and Industry, Four European Countries, 1970-83 183
4 Unemployment Flows in Germany, 1973-84 186
5 Mobility Matrices: Distribution of Employed in 1977 by Labor
Force Status One Year Earlier, Three European Countries 188
6 Measures of Labor Mobility, Three European Countries and the
United States, 1968-84 190
7 Changes in Economic Sector, France, 1969-81 193
8 Percent of Unemployment Resulting from Dismissal, Three
European Countries and the United States, Selected Years,
1973-81 196
9 Declining Relative Wages, France, Selected Years, 1965-83 203
CONTENTS Xlll
10 Skill Differentials in Three Industries, United Kingdom, Selected
Years, 1970-79 205
11 Unemployment Rate and Interindustry Wage Dispersion in
Selected OECD Countries, 1967-74, 1980-83 216
12 Distribution and Average Length of Current Job Tenure, United
States and Four European Countries, 1978, 1983, 1984 219
13 Short- and Long-Tenure Jobs, United States and Four European
Countries, Selected Years, 1972-79 220
14 Composition of Long-Term Unemployment by Age and Sex,
United States and Six European Countries, Selected Years,
1973-85 224
Charles L Schultze
1 Some Indicators of Labor Input, 1970, 1984 231
2 Elasticities of Factor Substitution 249
3 Regression Explaining the Margins of Prices over Standard Unit
Labor Costs, Manufacturing Sector, Germany, France, Italy, and
the United Kingdom, 1974-85 253
4 Output Ratio, q, for Nonfarm Business Sector (Excluding
Housing), Selected Years, 1978-85 266
5 Regressions Explaining Nominal Wage Increases, Total Nonfarm
Business Sector, 1965-85 270
6 Coefficients on Inflation in Alternative Wage Equations 272
7 Comparison of Regression Equations with Alternative Measures
of Labor Market Pressure, Total Nonfarm Business Sector,
1965-85 274
8 Okun s Law Regressions, 1965-85 280
9 Alternative Estimates of the Natural Rate of Unemployment,
1979-87 285
Al Some Results of Two-Stage Least Squares Regressions with
Unlagged Inflation Term (pr) 290
Robert Z Lawrence
1 West German Trade Equations, Selected Periods 1965-85 312
2 Total Changes in French Trade and Activity Variables, Selected
Periods, 1965-85 320
3 French Trade Equations, Selected Periods, 1965-85 321
4 French Manufactured Goods Trade Equations, Selected Periods,
1965-85 325
5 Indicators of French Manufacturing Competitiveness 326
6 Swedish Export Equations 334
7 Swedish Import Equations 335
8 Decomposition of the Swedish Manufactured Goods Trade
Balance, 1972-84 336
9UK Trade Equations, Selected Periods, 1964-85 340
XIV CONTENTS
10 U K Manufactured Goods Exports and Imports, Selected
Periods, 1964-85 346
11 Manufacturing Sector Size and Share of the Economy in
France, Germany, United Kingdom, and Sweden, Selected
Years, 1960-85 350
12 Relationship between Manufacturing Output and GDP for
Germany, France, United Kingdom, and Sweden, 1960-73 352
13 Share of Trade and Domestic Use in Manufacturing Output
and Employment, by Country, Selected Years, 1965-85 355
14 Correlation Coefficients for Production, Exports, and Imports
for Six OECD Member Nations, 1983 359
15 Structural Change Indexes for Manufacturing Value Added
and Employment in Six OECD Member Nations,
1963-73, 1973-83 360
16 Share of Production, Exports, and Imports by Level of
Technology for Six OECD Member Nations, 1973, 1983 361
17 Change in Employment in Declining Industries for Six OECD
Member Nations, by Industry, Selected Periods, 1970-85 362
18 Structural Indexes for Production, Exports, and Imports in Six
OECD Member Nations, 1973-83 364
19 Share Changes in Manufacturing Production Due to Domestic
Use and Trade Classified by Intensity of Technology for Six
OECD Member Nations, 1973, 1983 366
20 High-Technology Coverage Ratios in Four OECD Member
Nations, Selected Years, 1970-83 367
21 Correlation Coefficients for Production and Imports for Six
OECD Member Nations, 1973, 1983 369
Robert Z Aliber
1 Employment and Industrial Production in the United States and
Selected OECD Countries, 1980-85 386
2 Shares of Outflows and Inflows of Direct Foreign Investment,
Selected OECD Countries, 1970, 1980, 1983 388
3 Current Account Balance as Percentage of Gross Domestic
Product, Selected OECD Countries, 1979-85 393
4 Gross Savings as Percentage of Gross Domestic Product,
Selected OECD Countries, 1979-85 393
5 Nominal and Real Money Market Rates, Selected OECD
Countries, 1979-85 394
6 Nominal and Real Government Bond Yields, Selected OECD
Countries, 1979-85 395
7 Transaction Costs in Financial Markets, Selected OECD
Countries 398
8 Ratios of Gross Earnings Margins and of Operating Costs
to Total Assets, Selected OECD Countries, 1977-81 399
9 Valuation of National Equities, Selected OECD Countries,
1982-85 403
CONTENTS XV
10 Change in Industrial Share Prices, Selected OECD Countr ies ,
1980-85 404
11 Rate of Return in Manufacturing, Selected OECD Countr ies ,
1979-85 405
12 Profits in Manufacturing, Selected OECD Countr ies , 1979-85 406
Paul N Courant
1 Government Expendi ture , Revenue , and Saving, Four European
Countr ies , Selected Years , 1971-84 424
2 Measures of Fiscal Stimulus, Four European Countr ies ,
1970-86 436
3 Measures of Fiscal Stance for the European Communi ty ,
1973-84 438
4 Selected Measures of Economic Slack, Four European Countr ies ,
1980-86 442
5 Permanent Primary Surpluses Needed for So l v ency , Four
European Countr ies , 1986 446
6 Composi t ion of General Government Taxes , Four European
Countr ies , Selected Years , 1970-84 460
7 Effective Rates of Tax on Inves tment , Four European Countr ies 464
8 Growth of Government Spending, Four European Countr ies ,
1971-84 477
9 Average Annual Growth Rates of Current Public Disbursements
and of Real GDP , Four European Countr ies , 1961-84 479
10 Public and Total Consumpt ion, Four European Countr ies , 1982 486
Charles L Schultze
1 Gross National Saving Rate and Components in Four European
Countr ies and the United Sta tes , 1964-84 510
2 Gross Nat ional Capital Format ion in Four European Countr ies
and the United Sta tes , 1964-84 511
3 Ratio of Ne t Capital Stock to Adjusted Output in Four European
Countr ies , and the United Sta tes , 1965-69, 1984 512
4 Gross Rates of Return and Real Interest Rates in Four European
Countr ies and the United Sta tes , Selected Dates , 1962-84 516
5 Equat ions Explaining Fluctuat ions in Additions to the Gross
Capital Stock in Four European Countr ies and the United
States , 1964-84 519
6 Growth Rate of the Gross Capital Stock in Four European
Countr ies and the United Sta tes , 1970, 1984 520
7 Fac tors Influencing Rates of Return in Four European Countries
and the United Sta tes , Selected Dates , 1961-85 522
8 Relative Price of Capital Goods in Italy and the United States ,
Selected Years , 1960-84 525
9 Projected Labor Force Growth in Four European Countr ies ,
1985-90 530
xvi CONTENTS
10 Projected Growth of Potential GDP in the Nonfarm Business
Sector and Its Components in Four European Countries,
1985-90, and Comparisons 531
11 Business Investment Requirements Compared with Actual
Investment in Earlier Periods, Four European Countries,
Selected Dates, 1961-90 532
12 Gap between Actual and Potential 1985 Output and Gap
Consistent with Zero Excess Wage Pressure, Four European
Countries 533
13 Business Investment Share of GDP in Four European Countries,
Required for Growth and Predicted, 1985 535
14 Regressions of Private and Government Saving Rates (Gross)
against the Output Gap in Four European Countries, 1964-84 536
15 Change in National Saving Rates in Four European Countries,
1961-73 to 1984 537
Richard N Cooper
1 Macroeconomic Indicators for the United Kingdom, 1973-78 546
2 Macroeconomic Indicators for Italy, 1973-78 553
3 Macroeconomic Indicators for West Germany, 1978-83 558
4 Macroeconomic Indicators for France, 1978-85 566
5 Macroeconomic Indicators for Sweden, 1979-85 577
6 Correlation Coefficients between Interest Rates in the United
States and Four European Countries, Selected Periods,
1960:1-1983:4 582
7 Effect of Monetary Policy on Real GDP under Fixed and Flexible
Exchange Rates, Germany, United States, and OECD 586
8 Effect of National and Coordinated European Monetary
Expansion on Five European Countries 588
9 Effect of an Increase in Nonwage Government Expenditure
Equal to 1 Percent of GDP, with Fixed Exchange Rates and
Accommodating Monetary Policy, Four European Countries
and OECD 589
10 Effect of National and Coordinated European Fiscal Expansion
on Five European Countries 590
Figures
Paul R Krugman
1 Unemployment Rates in the United States and the European
Community, 1961-85 52
2 Schematic Representation of View That the Current Employment
Rate Is above the Nonaccelerating Inflation Rate of
Unemployment 60
3 Schematic Representation of View That the Real Wage Rate Is
in Disequilibrium 61
CONTENTS XVH
Gary Burtless
1 Vacancy-Unemployment Relationship under Alternative Benefit
Levels 111
2 A Rise in Unemployment Benefit 166
Charles L Schultze
1 Derivation of the Real Wage Gap 241
2 Real Wage Gaps in Nonfarm Business and Manufacturing
Sectors, Germany, France, and Italy, 1964-85 244
3 Real Wage Gaps in Nonfarm Business and Manufacturing
Sectors, United Kingdom and United States, 1964-85 245
4 Time Path of the Wage Gap 247
5 Alternative Relationship between Real Wages and
Unemployment 297
Robert Z Lawrence
1 Performance of Components of the West German Current
Account, 1965-86 310
2 Performance of Components of the West German Coverage
Ratio, 1966-86 316
3 Performance of Components of the French Current Account,
1965-86 318
4 Performance of Components of the French Coverage Ratio,
1966-85 322
5 Performance of Components of the Swedish Current Account,
1965-86 328
6 Performance of Components of the Swedish Coverage Ratio,
1972-85 338
7 Performance of Components of the British Current Account,
1965-86 339
8 Performance of Components of the British Coverage Ratio,
1966-80 344
Paul N Courant
1 Savings, Wealth Accumulation, and Capital Formation, Four
European Countries, 1971-84 450
2 Proportion of Corporate Capital Taxed at Various Effective Tax
Rates, Germany and Sweden, 1980 466
Charles L Schultze
1 Neoclassical Investment Theory 514
Richard N Cooper
1 Short-Term Interest Rates in the United States and Four
European Countries, 1973-83 584
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1986 Washington DC gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift 1986 Washington DC |
| geographic | Europe - Conditions économiques - 1945- - Congrès Europe - Politique économique - Congrès Europe - conditions économiques - 1945- - congrès ram Europe - politique économique - congrès ram Europa Europe -- Economic conditions -- 1945- -- Congresses Europe -- Economic policy -- Congresses Europäische Gemeinschaften Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4058392-2 gnd Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Europe - Conditions économiques - 1945- - Congrès Europe - Politique économique - Congrès Europe - conditions économiques - 1945- - congrès Europe - politique économique - congrès Europa Europe -- Economic conditions -- 1945- -- Congresses Europe -- Economic policy -- Congresses Europäische Gemeinschaften Mitgliedsstaaten Westeuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV000789347 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:19:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0815777701 0815777698 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000494279 |
| oclc_num | 16803458 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-384 DE-703 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-N2 DE-824 DE-521 DE-634 DE-83 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-384 DE-703 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-N2 DE-824 DE-521 DE-634 DE-83 DE-188 |
| physical | XVII, 619 S. |
| psigel | TUB-nseb |
| publishDate | 1987 |
| publishDateSearch | 1987 |
| publishDateSort | 1987 |
| publisher | Brookings Inst. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view Robert Z. Lawrence ... eds. Washington, D.C. Brookings Inst. 1987 XVII, 619 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1945-1988 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1960-1986 gnd rswk-swf Economische groei gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Europe - Conditions économiques - 1945- - Congrès Europe - Politique économique - Congrès Europe - conditions économiques - 1945- - congrès ram Europe - politique économique - congrès ram Europa Europe -- Economic conditions -- 1945- -- Congresses Europe -- Economic policy -- Congresses Europäische Gemeinschaften Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4058392-2 gnd rswk-swf Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 gnd rswk-swf Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 1986 Washington DC gnd-content Westeuropa (DE-588)4079215-8 g Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 s DE-604 Europäische Gemeinschaften Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4058392-2 g Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s Europa (DE-588)4015701-5 g Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Geschichte 1960-1986 z Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s Geschichte 1945-1988 z Lawrence, Robert Z. 1949- (DE-588)131732404 edt HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000494279&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view Economische groei gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4066527-6 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4058392-2 (DE-588)4015701-5 (DE-588)4079215-8 (DE-588)4143413-4 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view |
| title_auth | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view |
| title_exact_search | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view |
| title_full | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view Robert Z. Lawrence ... eds. |
| title_fullStr | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view Robert Z. Lawrence ... eds. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Barriers to European growth a transatlantic view Robert Z. Lawrence ... eds. |
| title_short | Barriers to European growth |
| title_sort | barriers to european growth a transatlantic view |
| title_sub | a transatlantic view |
| topic | Economische groei gtt Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Wirtschaftswachstum (DE-588)4066527-6 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Economische groei Wirtschaft Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftswachstum Geschichte Europe - Conditions économiques - 1945- - Congrès Europe - Politique économique - Congrès Europe - conditions économiques - 1945- - congrès Europe - politique économique - congrès Europa Europe -- Economic conditions -- 1945- -- Congresses Europe -- Economic policy -- Congresses Europäische Gemeinschaften Mitgliedsstaaten Westeuropa Aufsatzsammlung Konferenzschrift 1986 Washington DC |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000494279&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lawrencerobertz barrierstoeuropeangrowthatransatlanticview |