Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments: proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester u.a.
Wiley
1988
|
| Schriftenreihe: | International Council of Scientific Unions / Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE
33 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 451 S. |
| ISBN: | 0471914045 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Nitrogen Cycling in
Coastal Marine
Environments
Edited by
T Henry Blackburn
and
Jan Sfirensen
Department of Ecology and Genetics
University of Aarhus, Denmark
Proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the University of Aarhus,
3-7 June 1985
Published on behalf of the
Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)
of the
International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)
by t
JOHN WILEY amp; SONS
Chichester • New York • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore
Contents
Introduction xxiii
T H Blackburn and J Sjrensen
I PELAGIC NITROGEN CYCLING
1 Primary Productivity and Pelagic Nitrogen Cycling 3
P M Gilbert
1 1 Introduction 3
1 2 Methodology 5
121 Tracer techniques- 5
122 Other techniques 12
1 3 Nutritional status of phytoplankton IS
1 4 Pelagic uptake and mineralization of nitrogen 17
141 Rates of ammonium regeneration relative to uptake 17
142 Rates of supply of new versus regenerated nitrogen 19
1 3 Conclusions 23
2 Pelagic Primary Production in Nearshore Waters 33
E Paasche
2 1 Introduction 33
2 2 Concentrations of nitrogen in the pelagic environment 34
2 3 Nitrogen uptake rates and nitrogen primary production 35
2 4 Indices of nitrogen nutrition and their use in coastal waters 40
2 5 Supply and utilization of new nitrogen 43
251 Open shelf waters 43
252 Inshore waters 47
2 6 Supply and utilization of regenerated nitrogen 51
2 7 Conclusions 53
xv
xvi Contents
3 Microfauna in Pelagic Food Chains 59
T Fenchel
3 1 Introduction 59
3 2 Distribution patterns and quantitative role 59
3 3 Mineralization of C, N and P 61
II BENTHIC NITROGEN CYCLING
4 Benthic Primary Production and Oxygen Profiles 69
N P Revsbech, J Nielsen and P K Hansen
4 1 Introduction 69
4 2 The chemical microenvironment at the sediment surface 69
4 3 The nitrogen cycle in the chemical microenvironment near the
sediment surface 77
4 4 Factors regulating benthic photosynthesis 79
4 5 Summary 80
5 Benthic Nitrogen Fixation 85
D G Capone
5 1 Introduction _ 85
5 2 N2 fixation and nifrogenase 85
5 3 N2-fixing bacteria 86
5 4 Methodology 92
5 5 Physiological ecology: regulating factors 99
551 Oxygen 100
552 Ammonium and nitrate 102
553 Organic substrate 107
554 Inhibitors 107
5 6 N2 fixation in benthic marine environments 109
5 7 Conclusions 114
6 Amino Acid and Amine Biogeochemistry in Marine Particulate
Material and Sediments 125
C Lee
61Intro du ction 125
62Methods 126
621Preparation of s amp le s for ana lys i s 126
622 Hyd ro ly sis of b ound ,amino ac ids and amine s 127
623 Analys i s of free amino ac ids 127
624 Analys is of free am ine s 128
63Aminonitr ogen compounds in pa rti cu late ma tter 128
Contents xvii
631 Sources of particulate amino compounds 129
632 Transformation of amino compounds in particles 131
633 Decomposition of particulate amino compounds with
depth 134
6 4 Amino nitrogen compounds in sediments 135
6 5 Conclusions 137
7 Distributions and Metabolism of Quaternary Amines in Marine
Sediments - 143
G M King
7 1 Introduction 143
7 2 Quaternary amine chemistry 144
7 3 Methods for the analysis of quaternary amines 146
731 Ion exchange chromatography 146
732 Spectrophotometry 147
733 Chromatographic methods 148
734 Radiotracer methods 150
735 Other techniques 151
7 4 Distribution of quaternary amines and related compounds 152
741 Bacteria and cyanobacteria 152
742 Plants and algae 154
743 Animals 156
744 Sediments 158
7 5 Physiology and metabolism of quaternary amines and related
compounds 160
751 Laboratory studies 160
752 In situ studies 163
7 6 Conclusions 168
8 Benthic Mineralization and Bacterial Production 175
T H Blackburn
8 1 Introduction 175
8 2 Rates of nitrogen mineralization 177
821 Sediment incubations 178
822 Sediment ISN-ammonium incubations 178
823 Exchange measurements 179
824 Gradient measurements 180
825 Specific N-substrate mineralization 180
8 3 Rates of nitrogen assimilation 181
831 Thymidine assimilation r 181
832 Adenosine assimilation 181
833 Frequency of dividing cells 182
xviii Contents
834 Incubation and direct counts 182
835 Phospholipid measurements 183
836 Incorporation of 15N-ammonium 183
8 4 Calculation from C:N models 184
8 5 Conclusions 186
9 Nitrogen in Benthic Food Chains 191
K R Tenore
9 1 Introduction 191
9 2 The role of nitrogen in nutrition of benthos 191
9 3 Nitrogen sources available to benthos 192
931 Suspension feeders 192
932 Deposit feeders and detritus-based food chains 193
933 Nitrogen changes in aging detritus 197
934 Temporal changes in nitrogen resources to detritus
food chains 201
10NitrificationinEstuarineandCoastalMarineSediments207
K Henriksen and W M Kemp
10 1 Introduction 207
10 2 Methods - • 209
10 2 1 15N-tracers 209
10 2 2 Specific inhibitors 210
10 2 3 Indirect measurements 212
10 2 4 Potential activities 212
10 2 5 Counting methods 213
10 3 Temporal and spatial patterns 215
10 3 1 Temporal patterns 215
10 3 2 Spatial patterns 218
10 4 Physical and chemical regulation 220
10 4 1 Temperature 220
10 4 2 Oxygen 222
10 4 3 Ammonium 223
10 4 4 Carbon dioxide and pH 223
10 4 5 Salinity 224
10 4 6 Toxic and stimulating compounds 225
10 4 7 Surfaces 225
10 5 Biological and ecological regulation 226
10 5 1 Diatom interactions , 226
10 5 2 Macrofaunal interactions 227
10 5 3 Macrophyte effects 232
10 6 Interaction with ammonification and denitrification 233
Contents x ix
10 7Nitrificati on innitrogenandoxygenbudgets238
10 8Conclusions240
11 Ni trate Reduct ion and Den itrifi ca t i on in Ma rineS ed imen ts251
/ Koike and J Sfrensen
11 1 Introduction 251
11 2 Oxygen and nitrate profiles in marine sediments 252
11 3 Assays of nitrate reduction and denitrification in marine
sediments 255
11 3 1 Diflusion-advection models 255
11 3 2 Direct estimates of N 2 production 257
11 3 3 Use of 15N isotope techniques 257
11 3 4 Use of the C2H2 inhibition technique 259
11 4 Variation of nitrate reduction and denitrification activities in
marine sediments 261
11 4 1 Regional variation of denitrification 261
11 4 2 Seasonal variation of denitrification 264
11 4 3 Diel variation of denitrification 266
11 5 Populations of nitrate-reducing and denitrifying bacteria in
marine sediments 267
11 5 1 Most-probable-number and chemostat enrichment
techniques - 267
11 5 2 Potential for nitrate reduction and denitrification 268
11 6 Conclusions 270
12 Benthic Fauna and Biogeochemical Processes in Marine Sediments:
microbial activities and fluxes 275
E Kristensen
12 1 Introduction 275
12 2 Sediment reworking 276
12 3 Ventilation 277
12 4 Properties of burrows 280
12 5 Benthic fauna and mineralization 283
12 6 Nitrification and denitrification in burrows 289
12 7 Faecal pellets and microniches 293
12 8 Conclusions 294
13 Benthic Fauna and Biogeochemical Processes in Marine Sediments:
the role of burrow structures 301
R C Aller
13 1 Introduction 301
xx , Contents
13 2 Burrow microenvironments 302
13 3 Quantification of solute distributions around burrows 310
13 4 The average microenvironments and bulk sediment
distributions 315
13 5 Source-sink models of bulk chemistry of the bioturbated zone 328
13 6 Sediment ammonium production rates and fluxes 329
13 7 Conclusions 330
III MODELS OF NITROGEN CYCLING
14 Modelling Benthic Nitrogen Cycling in Temperate Coastal Ecosystems 341
C Billen and C Lancelot
14 1 Introduction 314
14 2 Idealized models of seasonal variations of nitrogen cycling 343
14 2 1 Closed system—three compartment model 344
14 2 2 Closed system—seven compartment model 349
14 2 3 Open-system model 355
14 3 Kinetics of sedimentary processes 355
14 3 1 Input of organic matter to coastal sediments 355
14 311 Sinking of phytoplankton 356
14 312 Deposition 357
14:3 2 Nitrogen mineralization in sediments 358
14 3 3 Nitrification and nitrate reduction in sediments 361
14 331 Nitrification 361
14 332 Nitrate reduction 363
14 4 Modelling benthic nitrogen recycling 364
14 4 1 Seasonal variations of denitrification 365
14 4 2 Long-term variations of nitrogen diagenesis 369
14 5 Conclusions 372
15 Nitrogen Models at the Community Level: plant-animal-microbe
interactions 379
R C Newell, C L Moloney, J G Field, M I Lucas and T A Probyn
15 1 Introduction 379
15 2 Outline of conceptual model 380
14 2 1 What substrates do bacteria utilize under natural
conditions? 382
15 2 2 What is the flux of materials through bacteria? 384
15 3 A simple conceptual model for a macrophyte community 388
15 3 1 The fate of different components of kelp 388
15 32A coupled C:N flow model for a kelp community 390
15 3 3 Evaluation and significance of the model 392
Contents xxi
15 4 A nitrogen flow model for a pelagic system 394
15 4 1 Presentation of the model 394
15 4 2 Validation of the model 398
15 5 Requirements for a better model: Spatial and temporal
decoupling of C and N flow 401
15 5 1 Euphotic zone model 402
15 5 2 Pycnocline zone model 404
15 6 Conclusions 406
16 Nitrogen Biogeochemistry and Modelling of Carmarthen Bay 415
RFC Mantoura, NJP Owens and P H Burkill
16 1 Introduction 415
16 1 1 Carmarthen Bay physiography 415
16 1 2 Field and experimental methods 417
16 2 Coastal bay mixing and growth limiting nutrients 419
16 3 Bay circulation and residence time 424
16 4 Nitrogen reservoirs, speciation and seasonal variation 425
16 5 Bay distribution and anomalies 429
16 6 Nitrogen assimilation and ammonification 432
16 7 Bay fronts 434
16 8 Zooplankton excretion 435
16 9 Nitrogen budget 437
16 10 Conclusions ^ 438
Index 443
|
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| spelling | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 ed. by T. Henry Blackburn ... Chichester u.a. Wiley 1988 XXV, 451 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International Council of Scientific Unions / Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE 33 Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 gnd rswk-swf Stickstoffkreislauf (DE-588)4183276-0 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift Aarhus Universitet 03.06.1985-07.06.1985 Aarhus gnd-content Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Stickstoffkreislauf (DE-588)4183276-0 s DE-604 Blackburn, T. Henry 1933- Sonstige (DE-588)120462656 oth Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment: SCOPE International Council of Scientific Unions 33 (DE-604)BV000007237 33 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000485284&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 gnd Stickstoffkreislauf (DE-588)4183276-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033469-7 (DE-588)4183276-0 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 |
| title_auth | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 |
| title_exact_search | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 |
| title_full | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 ed. by T. Henry Blackburn ... |
| title_fullStr | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 ed. by T. Henry Blackburn ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 ed. by T. Henry Blackburn ... |
| title_short | Nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments |
| title_sort | nitrogen cycling in coastal marine environments proceedings from a scope symposium held at the univ of aarhus 3 7 june 1985 |
| title_sub | proceedings from a SCOPE symposium held at the Univ. of Aarhus, 3 - 7 June 1985 |
| topic | Küste (DE-588)4033469-7 gnd Stickstoffkreislauf (DE-588)4183276-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Küste Stickstoffkreislauf Ökosystem Konferenzschrift Aarhus Universitet 03.06.1985-07.06.1985 Aarhus |
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