Soil microbial associations: control of structures and functions
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Czech English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam u.a.
Elsevier
1988
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Developments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology
17 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 498 S. |
| ISBN: | 0444989617 0444415157 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Soil microbial associations |b control of structures and functions |c ed. by Vlastimil Vančura ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1 Introduction 9
Vlastimil VanCura
2 Nutrition and energy sources of microbial populations in ecosystems 15
Blanka Ûlehlovâ, FrantiSek Kunc, Vlastimil VanCura
2.1 Soil organic matter and humic substances (F. Kunc) 19
2.1.1 Definitions and qualitative aspects 19
2.1.2 Humus content in various soils 23
2.1.3 Utilization of humic substances by microorganisms 25
2.1.4 References 27
2.2 Residues of organisms (B. Ûlehlovâ) 29
2.2.1 Plant materials 29
2.2.2 Animals and animal debris in the ecosystems 43
2.2.3 Microorganisms and microbial litter 47
2.2.4 References 53
2.3 Plant metabolites in soil (V. Vancura) 57
2.3.1 Terminology 57
2.3.2 Seed exudates 59
2.3.2.1 Mechanism of releasing substances from germinating
seeds 59
2.3.2.2 Chemical composition of seed exudates 61
2.3.2.3 Effect of temperature on the release of substances
by germinating seeds 75
2.3.3 Root exudates 79
2.3.3.1 Source of organic substances available to rhizosphere microorganisms 80
2.3.3.2 Mechanism of root exudation 81
2.3.3.3 Site of exudation 83
2.3.3.4 Chemical composition of root exudates 84
2.3.3.5 Exudation dynamics and ontogenesis 102
2.3.3.6 Quantitative aspects of exudation 105
2.3.3.7 Differences in composition of root exudates among families, species and
cultivars 113
2.3.3.8 External and internal factors affecting root exudation 116
2.3.3.9 Influence of root exudates on mineralization and immobilization of plant
nutrients in the rhizosphere 129
2.3.3.10 Influence of rhizosphere products on transformation of the inorganic soil
component 131
2.3.4 References 132
2.4 Compounds appearing in the biosphere through human activity ( F. Kunc) 145
2.4.1 Organic fertilizers 146
2.4.2 Mineral fertilizers 149
2.4.3 Xenobiotic substances 152
2.4.4 References 154
Structure of microbial soil associations and some mechanisms of their autoregulation
Denis I. Nikitin and FrantiSek Kunc 157
3.1 Structure of microbial soil associations 159
3.1.1 General considerations 159
3.1.2 Quantitative and qualitative aspects 160
3.1.3 Structure of microbial associations and the specificity of the soil environment 165
3.2 Trophic groups of microorganisms 174
3.3 Homeostasis in microbial associations and some of its mechanisms 180
3.4 References 188
Microorganisms, their mutual relations and functions in the rhizosphere
Vlastimil VanCura 191
4.1 Rhizosphere effect 193
4.1.1 Sources of microorganisms colonizing the rhizosphere 194
4.1.2 Localization of microorganisms on roots 195
4.1.3 Quantitative aspects of the rhizosphere effect 197
4.1.4 Qualitative aspects of the rhizosphere effect 198
4.1.5 Metabolic activity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere 201
4.2 Colonization of plant roots by microorganisms 208
4.2.1 Physical conditions and the movement of microorganisms in soil 208
4.2.2 Chemotaxis 210
4.2.3 The influence of exudates on the formation of rhizoplane and rhizosphere com-
munities 212
4.3 Metabolites of soil microorganisms 219
4.3.1 Plant growth substances 219
4.3.2 Phytotoxins 227
4.3.3 Vitamins and amino acids 232
4.3.4 Polysaccharides 233
4.4 Mutual relations of microorganisms in the rhizosphere 235
4.4.1 Advantageous associations 236
4.4.2 Antagonistic relations 240
4.5 Modifications of the rhizosphere microflora 244
4.5.1 The effect of soil environment and its modifications on the rhizosphere micro-
flora 244
4.5.1.1 Mineral fertilization 245
4.5.1.2 Organic fertilization 247
4.5.1.3 Xenobiotic substances 248
4.5.2 Foliar application of various substances 249
4.5.3 Modification of rhizosphere microflora by the inoculation of seeds or roots of
plants 255
4.6 References 266
5 Mechanisms of adaptation and selection of microorganisms in the soil 281
FrantiSek Kunc and f Jiftf Macura
5.1 Adaptation and selection of microorganisms in the soil environment: genetic and physiolo-
gical aspects 283
5.2 Changes in the genetic outfit of soil microorganisms 286
5.3 Mechanisms controlling the formation and activity of enzymes in the soil 289
5.4 References 297
6 Mutual relations among microbial processes in soil 299
FrantiSek Kunc
6.1 Metabolism of microorganisms and the soil environment 301
6.2 Simultaneous transformations of added organic substrates and native soil organic mat-
ter 304
6.2.1 Expression of interactions 304
6.2.2 Some mechanisms involved 309
6.2.2.1 The effects of added organic substrate on the biotic soil component 312
6.2.2.2 Added organic substrate as a cause of changes in the soil environ-
ment 320
6.3 The influence of other factors on mutual influences of microbial processes in soil 323
6.4 Considerations on the possibilities of controlling soil microbial processes 329
6.5 References 330
7 Cycling of mineral elements 335
Blanka Ûlehlova and Marta Tesarovâ
7.1 Introduction (B. Ûlehlovâ) 337
7.1.1 References 338
7.2 Microorganisms and the carbon cycle in ecosystems
(M. Tesarovâ) 339
7.2.1 Introduction 339
7.2.2 Microbial carbon in ecosystems 340
7.2.2.1 Amount and distribution of microbial carbon in ecosystems 340
7.2.2.2 Activity of microorganisms in various structural units of ecosystems 350
7.2.2.3 Distribution of various physiological groups of microorganisms in the
ecosystem in relation to the type of organic substrate available 352
7.2.2.4 Active components of the microbial community 353
7.2.2.5 Turnover of the microbial biomass 358
7.2.3 Role of microorganisms in the degradative and synthetic processes of the carbon
cycle 364
7.2.3.1 Microorganisms as a component of the decomposer community 364
7.2.3.2 Effectiveness of carbon compounds utilization by microorganisms 366
7.2.3.3 Rates of decomposition of carbon-containing materials in ecosys-
tems 368
7.2.3.4 Microorganisms and humus synthesis 386
7.2.3.5 Carbon assimilation by soil microorganisms 388
7.2.4 Annual balance of carbon transformations in ecosystems 389
7.2.5 References 394
7.3 The nitrogen cycle (B. Ûlehlovâ) 406
7.3.1 Introduction 406
7.3.2 Wet and dry deposition 408
7.3.3 Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen 411
7.3.4 Nitrogen in plants and plant stands 419
7.3.5 Soil nitrogen and its transformations 433
7.3.6 Outputs of nitrogen from the ecosystems 446
7.3.7 A comparison of nitrogen cycling in grass stands under three fertilization levels at
Kamenicky 456
7.3.8 Mathematical modelling of nitrogen cycling 462
7.3.9 References 462
7.4 Cycling of other mineral elements (B. Ûlehlovâ) 470
7.4.1 The phosphorus cycle 470
7.4.2 Sulphur cycling 472
7.4.3 References 478
7.5 Energy flow in grasslands (B. Ûlehlovâ) 479
7.5.1 Introduction 479
7.5.2 Total solar radiation and reflected radiation 480
7.5.3 Distribution of the radiant energy entering the ecosystem 481
7.5.4 Energy bound in the process of photosynthesis 482
7.5.5 Distribution and flow of energy bound in plant biomass 483
7.5.6 Energy accumulated in humus 483
7.5.7 Energy released in the detritovorous food chain 485
7.5.8 References 487
Index of organisms 489
Subject index 494
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| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0444989617 0444415157 |
| language | Czech English |
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| physical | 498 S. |
| publishDate | 1988 |
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| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Developments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology |
| series2 | Developments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology |
| spelling | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions ed. by Vlastimil Vančura ... Amsterdam u.a. Elsevier 1988 498 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Developments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology 17 Sols - Microbiologie Soil microbial ecology Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd rswk-swf Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 s Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 s DE-604 Vančura, Vlastimil Sonstige oth Developments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology 17 (DE-604)BV035361799 17 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000479458&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions Developments in agricultural and managed-forest ecology Sols - Microbiologie Soil microbial ecology Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4007348-8 (DE-588)4316357-9 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions |
| title_auth | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions |
| title_exact_search | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions |
| title_full | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions ed. by Vlastimil Vančura ... |
| title_fullStr | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions ed. by Vlastimil Vančura ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil microbial associations control of structures and functions ed. by Vlastimil Vančura ... |
| title_short | Soil microbial associations |
| title_sort | soil microbial associations control of structures and functions |
| title_sub | control of structures and functions |
| topic | Sols - Microbiologie Soil microbial ecology Boden (DE-588)4007348-8 gnd Mikrobiologie (DE-588)4316357-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sols - Microbiologie Soil microbial ecology Boden Mikrobiologie Aufsatzsammlung |
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