The development of Romance clitic pronouns: from Latin to old Romance
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin u.a.
Mouton de Gruyter
1987
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Empirical approaches to language typology
3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVI, 662 S. |
| ISBN: | 311010847X 0899251609 |
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| adam_text | Titel: The development of Romance clitic pronouns
Autor: Wanner, Dieter
Jahr: 1987
Table of contents
List of tables xxiii
Introduction xxv
List of symbolizations xxix
Chapter 1: The problem
1. Setting 1
1.1 Romance concordance 1
12 Latin situation 2
1.3 Transition 3
1.4 Space of this study and fragility of the task 3
1.5 Good documentation in Romance 4
1.6 Synchrony = diachrony 5
1.7 General interest in clitics 6
2. The present study 6
2.1 Organization: Background chapters 1 to 3 6
2.2 Original contributions: Chapters 4 to 9 7
2.3 Data and theory 9
2.4 Theoretical stance of this study 9
2.5 Componential clitic analysis 11
2.6 Diachronic principles 11
2.7 Weakened theoretical claims through dia-
chronic considerations 13
2.8 Synchronic weakening as a consequence 15
2.9 Exclusions from this study 16
2.10 General contributions 17
Notes 18
Chapter 2: Clitic elements
1. Terminology 23
1.1 Cliticness in linguistics 23
1.2 Cliticness in philology 24
1.3 Greek origin 24
1.4 Romance clitic studies 25
1.5 Clitics in transformational grammar 26
1.6 Recent investigative concentrations 27
2. Italian special clitics 28
2.1 Clitic features 28
2.2 Specialness 30
2.3 Clitics are not purely morphological 31
xii Table of contents
2.4 Clitics are not purely syntactic 32
2.5 Clitics are not purely phonological 32
2.6 Similar clitics in other Romance languages 33
2.7 Componentiality 34
3. Other clitic types 35
3.1 Special clitics in Italian vs. simple
clitics in English 35
3.2 Simple clitics in German 37
3.3 Verbal simple clitics 38
3.4 Variable clitic status for special clitics 39
3.5 Subtypes of special clitics: It. loro, Pashto 41
3.6 Walbiri, Somali 42
4. Peripheral clitic elements 43
4.1 Articles 43
4.2 Spanish reinforced article 46
4.3 Prepositions 46
4.4 Complementizers 47
4.5 Verbal particles 47
4.6 Preposizione articolata 48
4.7 Serbo-Croatian negative auxiliary verbs 49
4.8 Word character of clitics 50
4.9 Separation from derivational morphology 51
5. Towards a framework for clitics 52
5.1 Cliticness 52
5.2 Primary component parameters 53
5.3 Secondary component parameters 54
5.4 Tasks and problems 55
5.5 General operational properties of the system 56
5.6 Latin to Romance transition: General
characterization 57
Notes 58
Chapter 3: Clitics in Latin
1. Background 67
1.1 Latin and Romance clitics 67
1.2 Different Latin phases: Evolution 68
1.3 Origin of clitic movement 69
1.4 Definite article 70
1.5 Typology and continuity 70
1.6 Exclusions 70
2. Special enclitics of Latin 71
2.1 Enclitics and stress adjustments 71
2.2 Second position (2P) = Wackernagel s law (W) 72
Table of contents xiii
2.3 Enclitic alternations 73
3. Pronouns as clitics 74
3.1 Forms for I, II, and III reflexive 74
3.2 Forms of III 75
3.3 Other Latin clitics and clitic-like elements 76
3.4 Prosodic summary 78
4. Indo-European background 79
4.1 Pronouns in PIE, Greek, and Sanskrit 79
4.2 Pronoun prosody 81
4.3 W is not a rhythmical, but a syntactic
principle 82
4.4 Second position 83
5. Evolution of pronoun forms from Latin to
Romance 85
5.1 Third person forms 85
5.2 Case syncretism 86
5.3 Formal tendencies 87
6. Demonstratives from Latin to Romance: Outline 88
6.1 Determinative confusions 88
6.2 Clitic pronoun vs. definite article 90
7. Latin demonstratives 91
7.1 Overlapping 91
7.2 Three-step to two-step system 91
7.3 Formal restrictions and insufficiencies 92
7.4 Numerical considerations 95
7.5 Discussion of frequency tables 96
7.6 Summary 101
8. Article development in Late Latin 101
8.1 Origin and setting of article 101
8.2 Article in IE 103
8.3 Article use and regularity 105
8.4 Gelenkspartikel 106
8.5 Greek influence 107
8.6 Article linearization 107
8.7 Me vs. ipse 109
9. Demonstratives developing into clitics 110
9.1 Romance = Latin; lack of bridging
documentation 110
9.2 Special clitics as a stable endpoint of
evolution 112
Notes 112
xiv Table of contents
Chapter 4: The new analysis
1. The previous analysis of proto-Romance
pronouns: Ramsden 1963 123
1.1 Ramsden s central role 123
1.2 The thirteen categories of Ramsden 1963 124
1.3 Late Latin evolution according to Ramsden 1963 126
1.4 Ramsden s theory of cliticization 127
1.5 Critique of cliticization theory 129
1.6 Needed improvements 130
2. The logic of the new analysis 131
2.1 General hypothesis: Latin to Romance
transition 131
2.2 Quantification and non-categorical status 132
2.3 Forms 133
2.4 Prosodic downgrading 133
2.5 Me as a proto-clitic 134
3. Syntactic classification of the data 135
3.1 Placement classes 135
3.2 Left context 136
3.3 Special arrangements for non-finite verbs 137
3.4 Classificatory grid 139
4. Text selection 139
4.1 Criteria for text inclusion 139
4.2 Text classes 141
4.3 Characterization of text classes CL, TN,
VG, CX, BX, and HL 142
4.4 Text class supersedes chronology 147
Notes 148
Chapter 5: Clitic placement and linearization
1. Old Romance norms 155
1.1 Old Romance unity 155
1.2 Clitic placement 155
1.3 Clitic linearization: TM classes I-V for
enclisis 156
1.4 Clitic linearization: TM class VI for
proclisis 160
1.5 No ideal solution 162
1.6 Idealized categorical structure 163
2. Latin conditions 165
2.1 Context options grid 165
2.2 Clause delimitation 166
2.3 Definition of second position 168
Table of contents xv
2.4 Syntactic conception of 2P 170
2.5 String analysis illustrations for 2P 171
2.6 String definition of VB and 2ND hypotheses 174
2.7 Sample sentences for string analysis 176
3. Data analysis 177
3.1 Data description 177
3.2 Text class behavior for VB and 2ND 178
3.3 Text class behavior for PRO 178
3.4 Text class behavior for separation 182
3.5 General characteristics 183
3.6 Categorial context formulae for Latin and
Romance 184
3.7 Scaling procedures 187
3.8 Single parameter approximations 191
3.9 Discussion of 2ND 191
3.10 Discussion of VB 196
3.11 Discussion of PRO 200
3.12 Combined contextual parameters 205
3.13 Best proto-Romance approximations 207
3.14 Importance of Greek influence 209
3.15 Internal Latin origin of proto-Romance
features 211
4. Style level considerations 213
4.1 Chronology and text group connections 213
4.2 Special character of Biblical language 218
4.3 Biblical pronoun syntax as a Hebraism 221
4.4 Augustinus: Internal style level changes 222
5. Origin of enclisis after et (TM class II) 226
5.1 Data from supplementary investigation 226
5.2 Proclisis after cj, rel, and et 227
5.3 Latin prefiguration of TM II 229
6. The function of neutral placement cases 231
6.1 Correlations between the main parameters
VB, 2ND, and PRO 231
6.2 Transition from 2ND to VB through
neutral placement 233
6.3 Passive approximation of verb to pronoun 235
7. Transition from Latin pronoun placement to
Old Romance norms. A synthesis 236
7.1 Pronoun weakening, verb juxtaposition,
and cliticization 236
7.2 Typological explanations 237
7.3 Intersection of 2ND and VB 240
xvi Table of contents
7.4 VB extensions over 2ND 241
7.5 Early proto-Romance approximations 243
7.6 Submerged linguistic features 244
7.7 Gradual surface change vs. abstract
discontinuities 245
7.8 Emergence of Romance attestations 246
Notes 247
Chapter 6: Nonfinite host verbs
1. Differences between finite and nonfinite
host verbs 263
1.1 Narrow scope for nonfinite analysis 263
1.2 Romance nonfinite form use: Auxiliated
constructions 264
1.3 Romance absolute constructions 265
1.4 Old Italian advanced linearization 266
1.5 Old Spanish linearization conditions 267
1.6 Auxiliated nonfinite forms in Latin 270
1.7 Latin absolute constructions 271
1.8 Continuity from Latin to Romance 272
2. Data discussion 273
2.1 Description of data appendices 273
2.2 VB, 2ND, and PRO parameters for participial
forms 273
2.3 VB, 2ND, and PRO parameters for infinitival
host verb forms 275
3. Imperatives as host verbs 276
3.1 Old Italian imperative-plus-clitic structures 276
3.2 Evolutionary constants 278
Notes 279
Chapter 7: Clitic movement
1. Clitic movement in modern Romance 283
1.1 Description of clitic movement in Italian 283
1.2 Structural approaches 284
1.3 Semantic approach 286
1.4 Essential properties of CM 288
2. Clitic movement in Old Romance 290
2.1 Preponderance of +CM in Old Italian 290
2.2 Old Italian CM predicates 293
2.3 Extension to Old Romance 296
2.4 Structural limits of CM 298
2.5 Old Romance norm 299
Table of contents xvii
2.6 CM from Old to modern Romance 299
2.7 Late Latin prefiguration of CM: A hypothesis 300
3. Latin infinitival constructions 301
3.1 CM is not defined in Latin 301
3.2 Latin infinitive types 302
3.3 a.c.i. constructions 304
3.4 n.c.i. and passive of a.c.i. 305
3.5 a.c.i. and pure infinitives 308
3.6 Omission of subject accusative in a.c.i. 308
3.7 An attempt at integrating Latin infinitives 309
4. Analytical categories 312
4.1 General organization 312
4.2 Pronoun classes 313
4.3 String types 314
4.4 Derivation types and rules 315
4.5 Clause level distinction 317
4.6 Proto-Romance CM classification 319
4.7 Rule application and typical strings 320
5. Analysis of new data 322
5.1 Organization of structural tables 322
5.2 String analysis: S level sequence 325
5.3 Frequency tables 326
5.4 Direct transition hypothesis: ob.inf behavior 327
5.5 Latin CM prefiguration: Pronoun functions 330
5.6 Latin CM prefiguration: Derivation types 332
5.7 VG as proto-Romance 333
5.8 Restructuring function 334
5.9 Split Latin - Romance 335
5.10 InvCM pronoun functions and prefiguration 335
6. Interpretation of Late Latin CM prefiguration 337
6.1 Contiguity /l c/: Accidental extraposition
result 337
6.2 Implications: Pronoun class differences 338
6.3 Contiguity /c 1/: Clause dissolution
through restructuring 340
6.4 Implications of dissolution hypothesis 343
6.5 Effective Late Latin prefiguration of CM 345
6.6 Vx class composition for major classes 346
6.7 su.aci- = su.aci+ 348
6.8 Two pronouns in a string: Same function 350
6.9 Two pronouns in a string: Unlike functions 351
7. Transition of Latin into Romance CM patterns 353
7.1 The group /l c/, /c 1/ specific to a.c.i. 353
xviii Table of contents
7.2 a.c.i. survivals in Romance 355
7.3 The group /l 2/ characteristic of Romance 357
7.4 CM depends on TM placement/linearization 358
7.5 Necessary lack of transition documentation 359
Notes 360
Chapter 8: Verb position
1. Received opinions on Latin verb position 377
1.1 Verb position as a determinant of clitic
placement 377
1.2 Typological problems with Latin word order 378
1.3 Descriptions of Latin verb position 380
1.4 Verb shifts in Late Latin 381
1.5 Initial and medial verb position 381
1.6 Functional constituent order 384
1.7 Text class differences 387
1.8 Summary of typological analyses 388
1.9 The new analysis 392
2. Old Romance verb position 393
2.1 Initial verb 393
2.2 Verb in second position 394
3. Parameters of the new investigation 397
3.1 Three verb positions: Final, initial, medial 397
3.2 The corpus 399
3.3 Latin/Romance intersection of verb and
clitic place 400
3.4 Tabulation of frequencies 403
3.5 Scaling algorithms 404
3.6 Summary tabulation 405
4. Data analysis 406
4.1 Dominant string types: U derivations 406
4.2 Dominant string types: +/+ configurations 407
4.3 General trends of Late Latin verb and
clitic placement 408
4.4 Approximations to Romance 411
4.5 Internal structure of U, F, and D string
clauses 412
4.6 D derivations as a functional constant
component 414
4.7 F derivations increase heavily in more
spontaneous registers 417
4.8 U derivations as consistent main stay 420
4.9 Importance of U+/+: Short clauses 420
Table of contents xix
4.10 Three factors of proto-Romance verb and
clitic place evolution 423
4.11 Reconstructed transition from SOV to SVO
typology 425
4.12 Concluding summary on verb placement 428
Notes 430
Chapter 9: Implications
1. Proto-clitics in Late Latin 441
1.1 The proto-clitic hypothesis 441
1.2 Late Latin level differences 443
1.3 Transition to Romance 445
1.4 Greek catalytic influence 447
2. Derivation path from Latin to Romance 449
2.1 Restatement of chapter conclusions 449
2.2 Active vs. adaptive changes 451
2.3 Chronological considerations 454
2.4 Derivation of TM conditions 456
2.5 Other clitic aspects 459
2.6 Continuity vs. innovation 460
3. Conception of clitic space 462
3.1 Componential clitic description 462
3.2 Multiple subcomponents for clitic syntax 463
3.3 Demarcation to non-clitics 468
3.4 Clitic syntax as extended normal syntax 471
3.5 Clitic development 471
3.6 Clitic attachment: Prosody vs. syntax 473
4. Wider consequences for linguistic
conceptualization 479
4.1 Regularity 479
4.2 Quantification 482
4.3 Relativization of grammatical status 485
4.4 Considerations for another diachronic
framework 488
4.5 Clitic development in a new light 492
4.6 Final remarks 494
Notes 495
Appendices
1 Italian object and adverbial clitic forms 503
1-a Elision and gliding 503
1-b Other phonetic adjustments 504
1-c Special restrictions 505
xx Table of contents
1-d Linearization with imperatives 507
1-e Clitic movement 507
2 Text lists for (Late) Latin corpus 509
2-a Text list according to class/identification
number 509
2-b Alphabetical list of abbreviatory symbols
for text identification 510
2-c Main list of text sources 512
2-d Selected bibliographical materials for
individual texts 516
3 Frequency count for placement/linearization
corpus 519
4 Conformity with hypotheses VB, 2ND, PRO
for finite verbs 544
4-a Percentage of conformity with VB in given
context 544
4-b Percentage of conformity with 2ND in given
context 546
4-c Percentage of conformity with PRO in given
context 547
4-d Summary of scaled class averages X 548
4-e Summary of realized class average scalings 549
4-f Summary of scaling marks for VB, 2ND, and
PRO per text 550
5 Data tables for et effect (context 2: [s ? ) 551
5-a Base data tabulation for secondary
investigation of context 2 = / c - 551
5-b Percentages for subclasses of context
2 = [ c - concerning PRO and separation 554
6 Conformity to VB, 2ND, PRO for participles 555
6-a Selected texts from corpus in App. 3 555
6-b Additional PR texts 557
6-c Summary of class averages (participles vs.
finite verbs) 558
7 Conformity to VB, 2ND, PRO for infinitives 559
7-a Selected texts from corpus in App. 3 559
7-b Placement and linearization parameters VB,
2ND, and PRO for objects of infinitives 560
7-c Summary of class averages (infinitives vs.
finite verbs) 561
8 Data for clitic movement 562
9 Clitic movement corpus rearranged by
pronoun function 579
Table of contents xxi
10 Percentages of CM derivation types by
pronoun function 584
11 Predicates Vj admitting CM 589
12 Verb position typology: Frequencies and
percentages 600
12-a Percentage figures for verb position per
text class 601
12-b Table vi: Summary per text class (scaling
marks and variation span) 606
12-c Summary per text class (percentage of
realized scaling marks 607
Bibliography 609
Index of linguistic terms 641
Index of names 657
List of tables
T3-i Frequencies of Latin demonstratives 97
T4-i Sample data grid: VG-4 Peregrinatio
ad Ioca sancta 138
T4-ii Approximately chronological list of texts 140-1
T5-i Placement hypotheses 174
T5-ii Sample clauses for string analysis 175
T5-iii Chronological plotting of A, B, C curves 179
T5-iv Text class averages for VB, 2ND, and
free placement 180
T5-v Text class averages for proclisis 180
T5-vi Text class averages for separation 181
T5-vii VB scale gradient (chronological) 188-9
T5-viii 2ND scale gradient (chronological) 190
T5-ix PRO scale gradient (chronological) 192-3
T5-x List of VB:2ND:PRO combinations 206
T5-xi Relatively best proto-Romance samples 208
T5-xii Approximation x chronology for placement
hypotheses 214
T5-xiii Comparison of three BX and three CX texts 220
T5-xiv Comparison of selections by Augustinus 224
T7-i CM occurrences in three 13th century texts 291
T7-ii Clitic movement string types 323
T7-iii Inverse clitic movement string types 324
T7-iv Summary table of CM class averages
by pronoun function 328
T7-v Summary table of CM class averages
by text class 329
T8-i Example clauses for verb position
classification 402
T8-ii String forms for simple clause domain [s ] 403
T8-iii Percentages of realized scaling marks 407
T8-iv +RomVb and +RomCl percentage values
for individual texts 410
T8-v Percentage distribution for strings D 416
T8-vi Percentage distribution for strings F 419
T8-vii Percentage distribution for strings U 421
T8-viii Component distribution for strings in U
derivations 422
T9-i Clitic parameter specifications 463
T9-ii Clitic domain in parameter settings of T9-i 465
|
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| id | DE-604.BV000752898 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:18:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 311010847X 0899251609 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000471187 |
| oclc_num | 185587525 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-824 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-739 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-824 DE-83 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XXXVI, 662 S. |
| publishDate | 1987 |
| publishDateSearch | 1987 |
| publishDateSort | 1987 |
| publisher | Mouton de Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Empirical approaches to language typology |
| series2 | Empirical approaches to language typology |
| spelling | Wanner, Dieter Verfasser aut The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance Berlin u.a. Mouton de Gruyter 1987 XXXVI, 662 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Empirical approaches to language typology 3 Geschichte Anfänge-1000 gnd rswk-swf Klitisierung (DE-588)4164228-4 gnd rswk-swf Pronomen (DE-588)4047468-9 gnd rswk-swf Romanische Sprachen (DE-588)4115788-6 gnd rswk-swf Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Enklise (DE-588)4152302-7 gnd rswk-swf Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 s Pronomen (DE-588)4047468-9 s Romanische Sprachen (DE-588)4115788-6 s Klitisierung (DE-588)4164228-4 s DE-604 Geschichte Anfänge-1000 z Enklise (DE-588)4152302-7 s Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s Empirical approaches to language typology 3 (DE-604)BV000707931 3 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000471187&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wanner, Dieter The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance Empirical approaches to language typology Klitisierung (DE-588)4164228-4 gnd Pronomen (DE-588)4047468-9 gnd Romanische Sprachen (DE-588)4115788-6 gnd Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Enklise (DE-588)4152302-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4164228-4 (DE-588)4047468-9 (DE-588)4115788-6 (DE-588)4114364-4 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4152302-7 |
| title | The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance |
| title_auth | The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance |
| title_exact_search | The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance |
| title_full | The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance |
| title_fullStr | The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance |
| title_full_unstemmed | The development of Romance clitic pronouns from Latin to old Romance |
| title_short | The development of Romance clitic pronouns |
| title_sort | the development of romance clitic pronouns from latin to old romance |
| title_sub | from Latin to old Romance |
| topic | Klitisierung (DE-588)4164228-4 gnd Pronomen (DE-588)4047468-9 gnd Romanische Sprachen (DE-588)4115788-6 gnd Latein (DE-588)4114364-4 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd Enklise (DE-588)4152302-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Klitisierung Pronomen Romanische Sprachen Latein Geschichte Enklise |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000471187&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000707931 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wannerdieter thedevelopmentofromancecliticpronounsfromlatintooldromance |