Sensory analysis:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Acad. Pr.
1986
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 306 S. |
| ISBN: | 0124354556 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1815710528139427840 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Sensory Analysis
DONALD LAMING
Department of Experimental Psychology
University of Cambridge
Cambridge, UK
ACADEMIC PRESS
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
London Orlando San Diego New York
Austin Montreal Sydney Tokyo Toronto
Contents
Preface v
Chapter I
WEBER'S LAW 1
Three fundamental questions 4
The quality of the evidence 5
Square root laws 8
Difference discriminations and increment detection 11
Further theoretical ideas 12
The amplitude of a pure tone 13
The contrast of a sinusoidal grating 15
Number of dots, randomly arranged 16
Chapter 2
METHODS OF MEASURING DISCRIMINATIVE SENSITIVITY 18
Classical threshold theory 18
The Method of Limits 19
The Method of Average Error 21
The Method of Constant Stimuli 22
Comparison of the psychophysical methods 23
Chapter 3
SIGNAL-DETECTION THEORY 25
A decision-theoretic analysis of signal detection 28
The high-threshold model 31
Implications for psychophysical methods 34
Summary 39
Chapter 4
DISCRIMIN ABILITY AND DETECT ABILITY FUNCTIONS 40
Discriminability functions 40
The relative invariance of the discriminability function 43
Detectability functions 44
Auditory detection 46
Modulation detection 52
Conclusions on discriminability and detectability functions 57
xiiSENSORYANALYSIS
Chapter 5
THE DIFFERENTIAL COUPLING OF SENSORY DISCRIMINATION 5 8
Differential coupling 60
Direct evidence of differential coupling 63
Previous attempts to explain Weber's Law 70
A model for Weber's Law 71
Discriminability functions 75
Summary 78
Chapter 6
THE SQUARE LAW TRANSFORM IN THE DETECTION OF SMALL
INCREMENTS 79
Half-wave rectification 83
The square law transform 88
The operating characteristic for detection of an increment 91
Conclusions on the detection of stimulus increments 100
Chapter 7
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL SUMMATION AT THRESHOLD 102
Stochastic transfer 102
Determinate transfer 105
Temporal summation in vision 107
Temporal summation in hearing 115
Temporal summation in the skin 117
Spatial summation in vision 120
Frequency summation in hearing 124
Spatial summation in the skin 129
Conclusions on summation at threshold 132
Chapter 8
NEGATIVE MASKING 134
The exact negative masking characteristic 137
Further examples of negative masking 139
The pedestal effect 143
Negative masking of sinusoidal gratings 145
Conclusions on negative masking 147
Chapter 9
DIFFERENCE AND INCREMENT THRESHOLD CHARACTERISTICS 1 5 3
Three-stage model for threshold characteristics 156
CONTENTS xiii
The breakdown of Weber's Law at low stimulus levels 163
Summary of the model 166
The limits to threshold summation in the detection of an increment 167
A double cue argument 169
Chapter 10
DISCRIMINATION OF THE AMPLITUDES OF PURE TONES 173
Degrees of freedom in threshold discriminations 174
Displacements of the basilar membrane 175
The shape of the displacement profile 179
Cochlear model 180
Stimulation of the inner hair cells 183
Deviations from the power law for amplitude discrimination 184
Chapter 11
THE DETECTION OF SINUSOIDAL GRATINGS 185
The fourth power transform 185
Summation of grating stimuli at threshold 190
Detection of compound gratings 197
Modulation threshold characteristics 201
The relation of increment detection to modulation detection 205
Chapter 12
DISCRIMINATION OF CONTRAST 210
Contrast masking experiments 213
Binocular summation 220
Conclusions on the detection of sinusoidal gratings and on the
discrimination of their contrasts 224
Tentative relation to the electrophysiology of single neural units 226
Chapter 13
SOME PRINCIPLES OF SENSORY ANALYSIS 229
The nature of explanation in psychophysics
and of scientific theory 230
Some qualifications to the present theory 234
A summary of the principles 236
Future experimental work 240
Physiological correlates of psychophysical function 245
xivSENSORYANALYSIS
Appendix A
THE STATISTICS OF GAUSSIAN NOISE 248
(1) The x2 distributions 248
(2) Shannon's Sampling Theorem 250
(3) Difference discriminations 252
(4) Non-central x2 254
(5) Increment detection 256
(6) Increments of variable size 260
Appendix B
THE DETECTION AND DISCRIMINATION OF SMALL STIMULI 263
(1) Statistics of a half-wave rectifier perturbed by Gaussian noise 263
(2) Statistics in the observation window 264
(3) Threshold characteristics 267
(4) Analysis of Cornsweet and Pinsker's (1965) data 271
(5) A simple approximation to the complete threshold characteristic 275
References 279
Author index 293
Subject index 297 |
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| isbn | 0124354556 |
| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Laming, Donald Sensory analysis Perception Informationsverarbeitung (DE-588)4161678-9 gnd Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4064317-7 gnd Wahrnehmungspsychologie (DE-588)4079011-3 gnd |
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| title | Sensory analysis |
| title_auth | Sensory analysis |
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| title_full | Sensory analysis |
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| title_full_unstemmed | Sensory analysis |
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| title_sort | sensory analysis |
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| topic_facet | Perception Informationsverarbeitung Wahrnehmung Wahrnehmungspsychologie |
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