Petroleum effects in the arctic environment:
Reviews the present available research information on the physical and ecological effects of petroleum in the arctic environment. Focuses particularly on information related to oilspills.
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Elsevier
1985
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Reviews the present available research information on the physical and ecological effects of petroleum in the arctic environment. Focuses particularly on information related to oilspills. |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 281 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 085334356X |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Petroleum effects in the arctic environment |c ed. by F. R. Engelhardt |
| 264 | 1 | |a London u.a. |b Elsevier |c 1985 | |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Reviews the present available research information on the physical and ecological effects of petroleum in the arctic environment. Focuses particularly on information related to oilspills. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Poluição ambiental |2 larpcal | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Oil spills |x Environmental aspects |z Arctic regions | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804114996274135040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Petroleum effects in the arctic environment
Autor: Engelhardt, Frank R.
Jahr: 1985
Contents
Preface........................................................... v
List of Contributors.............................................. xiii
Chapter 1 The Arctic Marine Ecosystem
M. J. Dunbar ................................................. 1
Introduction..................................................... 1
Water masses, currents and transport................................. 2
The ecological significance of ice..................................... 10
Primary production............................................... 16
Zooplankton..................................................... 18
Fishes........................................................... 22
Birds and mammals................................................ 23
Land-fresh water-marine interrelation................................ 24
The total pattern of energy flow..................................... 26
The fragile Arctic ................................................. 26
Climatic change................................................... 27
Coda........................................................... 31
References....................................................... 31
Chapter 2 The Physical and Chemical Fate of Spilled Oil
D. Mackay.................................................... 37
Introduction..................................................... 37
Sources of oil spills................................................ 39
Oil Spill behaviour................................................ 41
Behaviour on water............................................ 41
Behaviour in ice............................................... 46
Behaviour on shorelines........................................ 48
Forecasting oil spill behaviour in the Arctic............................ 49
; CONTENTS
Oil composition and properties.................................. 49
Environmental conditions....................................... 51
Oil spill countermeasures........................................... 52
Oil spill models and scenarios....................................... 57
Conclusions...................................................... 59
References....................................................... 59
Chapter 3 Effects of Hydrocarbons on Microorganisms and
Petroleum Biodegradation in Arctic Ecosystems
R. M. Atlas................................. 63
Introduction....................... ,.,
Effects of hydrocarbons on microbial population levels ................ 67
Arctic marine ecosystems..................... ................. ¿j
Arctic ponds, lakes and rivers . ....................... ¿o
Arctic tundra...................Y. . . . . . . . . .................... 70
c^nTmunitfes hydrOCarbons on ta*on°mic composition of niicrobiai
Arctic tundra................. ............................. !..
Arctic marine ecosystems
Arctic ponds and lakes
f
Arctic ponds and lakes..........[LÍ
Effects of hydrocarbons on microbial activities . ...................... 74
Effects of hydrocarbons on primary productivity.................... 74
Meets of hydrocarbons on heterotrophic activity .............. 7
Effects of hydrocarbons on cellulose decomposition .................. 7s
Effects of hydrocarbons on nitrogen cycling..... ................. 70
^ ***««** °f Petroleum hydrocartJns................... 2
g cycling
n^ *** °f Petroleum hydrocartJns.
Biodegradation in tundra soils....
Biodegradation in ponds and lakes
References .. ................................................. 90
................................................... 91
Chapter 4 Effects of Oil on Arctic Invertebrates
P. G. Wells and J. A. Percy............
Introduction......... ........................... 101
Zooplankton..................................................... 101
Biology and ecology........................................... 102
Responses to spilled oil ........................................ 102
Oil and copepods......[...................................... 106
Oil and arctic zooplankton...................................... 109
Benthos.............. ...................................... 119
Benthic habitats and communities................................ 121
Laboratory studies..... ............................... 121
Small-scale field experiments.................................... 125
Urge-scale field experiments.................................... 133
r^^^:::::::;;;;;;;;;;;::::: ¡35
144
CONTENTS Xi
Chapter 5 Effects of Oil on Fish
S. D. Rice..................................................... 157
Introduction..................................................... 157
Toxicity of oil to fish.............................................. 158
Comparative toxicity of oils and oil components.................... 159
Sensitivity of fish to oil......................................... 159
Natural stresses increase fish sensitivity to oil....................... 160
Effect of oil on fish eggs and larvae............................... 162
Sublethal effects of oil on fish....................................... 164
Oil uptake into fish............................................ 164
Metabolism and excretion of oil by fish........................... 165
Effects of oil on fish tissues and physiology......................... 166
Sublethal effects observed in field studies........................... 168
Avoidance of oil by fish........................................ 169
Effects of oil on fisheries............................................ 170
Conclusions...................................................... 172
References....................................................... 173
Chapter 6 Oil and Arctic Marine Birds: an Assessment of Risk
F. A. Leighton, R. G. Butler and D. B. Peakall............ 183
Introduction..................................................... 183
Distribution and scale of oil development.............................. 184
Avian species at risk............................................... 186
Toxic effects of oil................................................. 190
Mortality due to oil........................................... 191
Embryotoxicity............................................... 195
External oil.................................................. 196
Ingestion of oil................................................ 196
Toxic components of oil........................................ 200
Assessment of risk................................................. 201
GeogTaphy and probability...................................... 201
Other biological factors......................................... 203
Toxic effects of oil............................................. 206
Conclusions and recommendations................................... 206
References....................................................... 209
Chapter 7 Effects of Petroleum on Marine Mammals
F. R. Engelhardt............................................. 217
Introduction..................................................... 217
Petroleum pollution incidents........................................ 220
Effects of exposure to petroleum..................................... 222
Cetaceans.................................................... 222
Pinnipeds.................................................... 225
Otters....................................................... 232
Polar bears................................................... 233
Conclusions...................................................... 236
References....................................................... 238
XU CONTENTS
Chapter 8 Effects of Petroleum Activities on the Ecology of
Arctic Man
M. M. R. Freeman............................................ 245
Introduction..................................................... 245
Human ecology and public policy.................................... 246
The analysis of patterns of resource harvesting: representation and under-
representation.................................................... 248
The significance of renewable resource harvesting activities................ 253
The bowhead whale: a case study.................................... 256
Indirect impacts on northern society.................................. 260
Direct impacts on northern society................................... 265
Conclusions...................................................... 268
References....................................................... 269
Index............................................................ 275
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| spelling | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment ed. by F. R. Engelhardt London u.a. Elsevier 1985 XIV, 281 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Reviews the present available research information on the physical and ecological effects of petroleum in the arctic environment. Focuses particularly on information related to oilspills. Poluição ambiental larpcal Umwelt Oil spills Environmental aspects Arctic regions Petroleum industry and trade Environmental aspects Arctic regions Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Erdölgewinnung (DE-588)4139144-5 gnd rswk-swf Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 gnd rswk-swf Umweltverschmutzung (DE-588)4186812-2 gnd rswk-swf Arktis (DE-588)4002924-4 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Arktis (DE-588)4002924-4 g Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Umweltverschmutzung (DE-588)4186812-2 s Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 s DE-604 Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 s Erdölgewinnung (DE-588)4139144-5 s Engelhardt, F. R. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000341702&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment Poluição ambiental larpcal Umwelt Oil spills Environmental aspects Arctic regions Petroleum industry and trade Environmental aspects Arctic regions Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Erdölgewinnung (DE-588)4139144-5 gnd Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 gnd Umweltverschmutzung (DE-588)4186812-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061619-8 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4139144-5 (DE-588)4015179-7 (DE-588)4186812-2 (DE-588)4002924-4 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment |
| title_auth | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment |
| title_exact_search | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment |
| title_full | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment ed. by F. R. Engelhardt |
| title_fullStr | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment ed. by F. R. Engelhardt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment ed. by F. R. Engelhardt |
| title_short | Petroleum effects in the arctic environment |
| title_sort | petroleum effects in the arctic environment |
| topic | Poluição ambiental larpcal Umwelt Oil spills Environmental aspects Arctic regions Petroleum industry and trade Environmental aspects Arctic regions Umweltbelastung (DE-588)4061619-8 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Erdölgewinnung (DE-588)4139144-5 gnd Erdöl (DE-588)4015179-7 gnd Umweltverschmutzung (DE-588)4186812-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Poluição ambiental Umwelt Oil spills Environmental aspects Arctic regions Petroleum industry and trade Environmental aspects Arctic regions Umweltbelastung Ökosystem Erdölgewinnung Erdöl Umweltverschmutzung Arktis Aufsatzsammlung |
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