Russia:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Longman
1986
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | The present and the past
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 342 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0582493226 |
Internformat
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| 300 | |a XIII, 342 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 0 | |a The present and the past | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Soviet Union |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804114956493258752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Maps
vi
List of Figures
vii
List of Tables
ix
Acknowledgements
χ
Prologue
xi
1.
The origins of the Russian Empire
1
2.
The genesis of Russian absolutism
17
3.
The prime of the Empire
40
4.
The Great Reforms and the development of the
revolutionary intelligentsia
(1855-1881) 68
5.
Industrialization and Revolution
(1881-1905) 96
6.
The end of the Russian Empire
(1906-1916) 126
7. 1917 158
8.
Civil war and the consolidation of Bolshevik power
(1918-1928) 188
9.
Stalin s revolution from above
(1928-1941) 218
10.
World War and Cold War
(1941-1953) 248
11.
Stabilization under Khrushchev and Brezhnev
278
12.
Epilogue
303
Bibliography
315
Index
329
Index
Afghanistan,
292, 293
agriculture,
3
in Kiev,
1, 3, 5
and Mongols,
8,10
in Muscovy,
22
in Imperial Russia,
48, 56, 64-5,
81, 103, 105-7, 129-31, 153-
4,173
in USSR,
196, 202-3, 211, 216,
254, 270-1
since Stalin,
282, 303, 304-5
see also serfdom, Emancipation,
collectivization
Aitmatov, C,
295
Akhmatova,
Α. Α.,
242, 275
Albania,
260
alcohol,
48, 153, 309
Alekseev, General M. V.,
159,164
Alexander I, Tsar
and domestic affairs,
50, 53, 58,
64
and foreign affairs,
41-3, 51
Alexander II, Tsar
and domestic affairs,
80, 91-2, 94
and Emancipation,
71-5
Alexander
ΠΙ,
Tsar,
94-5, 96, 99,
102,
111
Alexander Nevsky, Prince,
9
Alexandra Fyodorovna, Tsaritsa,
136-8,154, 191
Alexis, Tsar,
16, 35, 36, 38
Allies
in
1917, 166, 169, 182
and World War
Π,
252, 256, 257-
8,261
and Cold War,
257-68
passim
see also foreign intervention,
NATO
anarchism, anarchists,
176, 197, 200
Andropov, I. V.,
279, 280, 301, 311
Andrusovo, Treaty of,
16
Angola,
292
Anne, Tsarina,
40, 50
antisemitism,
111,
125, 132, 276,
294, 311
aristocracy see
boyars,
nobility
Armenia, Armenians,
100,
111,
310-11
Army
Muscovite,
18, 20, 25, 28, 33-4,
47
Imperial,
47, 49, 51, 52
post-Emancipation,
73, 80, 99,
103, 119, 123,126
and World War 1,
133,148-9,
150-2,155
in
1917, 158-87
passim
Red (to
1945), xii, 191,194-6,
197,199, 200, 202, 212, 225,
238, 245
and World War
Π,
248-61
passim
Soviet (since
1945), 261, 268, 274,
289, 294-5, 300, 301
Assembly of the Land see
Zemskí/
sobor
330
Index
Astrakhan,
13, 24, 25
Austerlitz,
battle of,
41
Austria, Austria-Hungary
and Muscovy,
14
and Russian Empire,
40, 41, 43,
45, 80, 93, 99,145
and World War 1,
146-9
passim
and World War II,
258
Azef, E.F.,144
Babel, I. E.,
209
Baku,
110
Bakunin,
Μ. Α.,
90,177
Balkans
Austro-Russian tension over,
43-
5, 93, 99,146-9
after World War II,
259, 263
Baltic Region
and Kiev,
5
and Muscovy,
13
and Russian Empire,
40,
111
in
1917,176
and USSR,
191, 260, 272-3, 286
banks, banking,
78, 81,100,138,
153, 177,192
Noble Land Bank,
103
Nobles Bank,
56
Peasant Bank,
106,129
State Loan Bank,
56
Bashkirs,
61
Basil II, Grand Prince,
11
Basil
Ш,
Grand Prince,
13,17,18,
22
Belgium,
49,113, 262
Belinsky, V. G.,
65
Belorussia, Belorussians,
9, 204,
246,254
Beneš,
E.,
262
Beria,
L.
P.,
239, 268, 276-7, 278
Berlin, Congress of,
93
Bessarabia,
191, 246, 272-3
Bismarck, Prince O.
von, 99
Black Repartition ,
91,112
Blok,
Α. Α.,
144
Bloody Sunday
(1905), 120
Bogdanov,
Α. Α.,
145, 209
Bolotnikov, 1.1.,
30
Bolsheviks, Bolshevism,
84
to
1905, 114-18, 124
1905-17,140,144-6,156-7
in
1917, 158, 167, 168, 171, 175,
176-87, 194-5, 313
see also Communist Party, Social
Democratic Labour Party
Borodino, battle of,
43
bourgeoisie see business
community, merchants,
middle class, townsmen
boyars,
7, 8, 10,11, 13, 20-2, 23, 24,
24-5, 31
see also Duma,
Boyars ,
nobility
Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of,
189,197
Brezhnev, L. I.,
279, 280, 282, 284,
285, 300-1, 302
Britain
and Russian Empire,
43-5, 49,
93,113,119, 148
in
1917, 168-9
and USSR,
207, 213, 244-8
passim, Ibi,
256, 258, 259,
260, 262, 264
and revolutionaries,
85, 87, 113,
115
see
arso
Allies, England, foreign
intervention
Brusilov, General
Α. Α.,
150
Bukharin,
N.
L,
201, 208, 211, 213-
14, 216-17, 234, 244
Bulgakov,
Μ. Α.,
209
Bulgaria,
147, 251, 258, 262, 263
Bulygin, A. G.,
122
bureaucracy
Muscovite,
18, 22, 23, 31, 34-5
Imperial,
47-8, 52, 57-9, 74, 77,
99,102-3
in
1917,163, 164,193
Soviet,
xi, 194, 199, 200, 212, 223-
4, 234, 236-8, 269, 280, 284,
297-302, 309
see also local government
business community,
82-3,101-2,
120, 122-3,124, 138-9, 140,
Index
331
152-3, 155, 156, 173,181, 182,
192
see also merchants, townsmen
Byzantine contacts and influence,
5-6, 6-7, 8, 18
calendar,
43, 63, 189
Catherine I, Tsarina,
50
Catherine II (the Great), Tsarina
and domestic affairs,
47, 50, 53,
56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 64
and foreign affairs,
40-1
Catholic Church, Catholics,
5, 6,
13, 36, 261
Caucasus,
40, 41, 43, 92, 100, 176,
197, 204, 251, 254, 273
censorship
Imperial,
64, 66, 76, 79-80, 82,
102, 124
in
1917, 165
Soviet,
200, 209, 239, 254, 269,
274, 282, 295-7
Central Asia,
273, 286, 293, 303
Central Committee of the
Communist (Bolshevik) Party
before October Revolution,
145,
177,179-80, 184,185
under Lenin and Stalin,
200, 206,
212, 224, 232, 236, 238, 241,
242, 269
since Stalin,
278, 279-80, 283,
287, 300-1
Chamberlain, N.,
245
Cheka see secret police
Chekhov, A. P.,
101
Chemenko, K. U.,
279, 280, 301
Chernov, V. M.,
118, 157, 168, 175,
177, 180, 182
Chernyshevsky,
N.
G.,
78, 86,
87
Chiang Kai-shek,
213
Chicherin, G. V.,
189, 244
China, Chinese,
93,119, 213, 216,
259, 266-7
Sino-Soviet
dispute,
292-3
Christianity see individual Churches
Churchill, W. S.,
256, 259
Civil War,
187, 189-92, 194-5, 196-
7, 198, 201, 209
clergy,
7, 19, 24, 36, 50, 108, 164-5,
226
see also Orthodox Church
climate,
3, 22
Cold War,
256-68, 274
collective farms,
211, 226-8, 270,
282, 284, 286, 287, 299, 304-5
collectivization of agriculture,
196,
224-9, 237, 273
Comecon,
290, 292, 308
Cominform,
263, 266
Comintern see International, Third
Communist
Committees of Poor Peasants,
196,
224
commune, peasant
in Muscovy,
28-9
in Imperial Russia,
61, 69-70,
106,107,123,129-31,164
in USSR,
196, 225, 226
in thought of Slavophiles and
populists,
67, 88,112, 118
Communist Party,
xi
post-revolutionary changes in,
200-1,205,210-11
in
1930s, 221
in
1940s, 269
since Stalin,
xi, 297-9
Congresses of,
202-5, 229, 238,
277, 279, 283, 297-8
membership and recruitment
policy of,
197, 206, 232, 236,
239, 254, 272, 274, 287
purges of,
206, 236, 237-9
Secretariat, General Secretary of,
201, 205-6, 212-13, 300
see also Bolsheviks, Central
Committee, Opposition
Constantinople,
3, 5, 6, 7, 18, 44,
146,166
Constituent Assembly,
122, 163,
165,170, 174,175,184,186
meeting of,
192
332
Index
Constitution
demands and proposals for,
76-
7,79,94
RSFSR
(1918), 193
USSR
(1924), 204
USSR
(1936), 232
USSR
(1977), 299
Cossacks,
16, 47, 48, 61-2,159, 197
Crimea, Crimean Tatars
and Muscovy,
13, 14,16, 25, 26,
34
and Empire,
40-1, 48,100
and USSR,
273, 311
Crimean War,
43-5, 47, 49, 51, 73,
77
Crusades,
7
Cuba,
290, 291-2
cultural revolution , Soviet,
239-43
Czechoslovak Legion,
189
Czechoslovakia, Czechs,
145, 252,
258, 262, 263, 264, 291
Decembrists,
66, 89
defence budget, Soviet,
230, 268,
305-6, 308
destalinization,
279-80, 282, 295,
296
dissidents,
294, 311
Dmitrii Donskoi, Grand Prince,
11,
254
Dmitrii I, false Dmitrii I ,
15
Dmitrii II, false Dimitrii
ІГ,
15
Dnieper Dam,
218, 254-5
Dobroliubov,
Ν. Α.,
87
Dostoevsky,
F. M.,
64, 84, 89
Duma,
Boyars ,
20, 32, 50
Duma, State
established,
122,124, 126-8
First,
127
Second,
127,131
Third,
131-5
Fourth,
135, 138,149, 152,155,
156
in
1917, 159,160,162-4,181
dumy,
municipal,
83,126,139,155,
164,192
Durnovo, P. N.,
133, 134, 148
education
Imperial,
58, 59, 63,101,102-3,
132, 143
Soviet,
193, 219, 234-5, 236, 238,
240-1, 243
since Stalin,
285, 286, 297, 303-4,
308, 309, 310
see also universities
Egypt,
292
Eisenstein,
S. M.,
275
Elizabeth, Tsarina,
40, 63
Emancipation, of serfs,
68-77, 89
and redemption payments,
94,
106,123
Emancipation of Labour Group,
112
England,
5, 31
see also Britain
Estonia,
246, 251, 273, 311
see also Baltic region
Ethiopia,
292
factory committees, workers
control
in
1917,164,171, 173, 178, 186
after October Revolution,
197-
200
famine,
22, 26
1601-3,15, 26
1891-2,101-2
1921-2,203
1932-3,226
Filaret, Patriarch,
35, 36
Finland, Finns,
41,
111,
128, 132,
176,184,191, 246, 259
First World War see World War I
Five-Year Plans see planning
foreign intervention,
189-91
memories of,
210, 234, 243, 262
foreign investment, loans
and Imperial Russia,
48, 96-8,
99,126,138
and USSR,
191, 207, 219, 259
France, French,
and Imperial Russia,
40, 41-5, 49,
Index
333
53, 64, 73, 80, 87, 93, 98, 99,
126,129,148-9
in
1917,168-9
and USSR,
207, 213, 244, 245,
246, 247, 256, 259, 262, 263,
264
see also Allies, foreign
intervention
Frederick
П,
King of Prussia,
40
Freidenberg, O.,
275
Fyodor I, Tsar,
15, 35
Gapon, Father G.
Α.,
120
gentry see nobility
Georgia, Georgians,
41, 108,
111,
117,204, 238, 310-11
German Social Democratic Party
(SPD), 113, 116, 146, 169, 244
Germany, Germans
and Kiev,
8
and Imperial Russia,
43, 99
and World War I,
146-9, 150,
168,181
and USSR
inter-war period,
188, 189,191,
192, 197, 207, 219, 238,
240-7
passim
and World War
Π,
248-61
passim
East (GDR),
264, 291
West (FRG),
264, 267, 291
Godunov, Boris, Tsar,
15
Gogol,
N.
V.,
66
Golden Horde see Mongols
Golitsyn, Prince V. V.,
39
Golovnin, A. V.,
80
Gorbachev, M. S.,
300
Goremykin,
127,136
Gorky, M.,
144, 242
Gosplan see planning
Great Patriotic War see World War II
Great Reforms,
68-85
Great Terror,
222, 232, 234, 236-9,
243, 253, 279
Greece,
43, 259, 262, 263
Grigorenko, General P. G.,
311
Guchkov, A. I.,
133, 134,135,138,
149, 155,166
Helsinki Agreements,
291
Herberstein,
Baron S.
von, 17-18,
20
Herzen,
A. L,
67, 85, 87, 88, 89
Hiroshima, 252, 257-8
Hitler,
Α.,
244-60
passim,
273
Holland, Dutch,
30, 168-9, 264
Holy Alliance,
43
Holy Synod,
49, 94, 126
Hungary, Hungarians,
8, 43, 251,
258, 259, 262, 263, 279, 291, 306
India,
51, 266, 292
Indo-China,
267
see also Vietnam
Indonesia,
266
industrialization, industry
Imperial,
48, 81, 96-9,109-10,
138-9, 152-3
Soviet
nationalization of,
192, 202,
203, 221, 273
post-revolution collapse and
recovery of,
198, 202-4
1920s
policy debates on,
206-9
and revolution from above ,
218-23, 228, 231-2
and World War
Π,
253
post-war reconstruction of,
267-8
expansion of since Stalin,
282—
3
recent slowdown in growth of,
303, 305-8
see also planning
industrialists see business
community
intelligentsia
pre-revolutionary,
64—7, 101,
143-4, 146
Soviet,
235, 236
Soviet cultural,
209-10, 239-43
see also revolutionary
334
Index
intelligentsia
—
conta.
intelligentsia, white-collar
workers
International
First Socialist,
87
Second Socialist,
145, 157
Third Communist (Comintern),
191, 216, 244-5, 259
Iran, Persia,
31, 41, 43, 45, 119, 262
Iskra
(The Spark),
113, 116
Islam, Muslims,
5, 36,176, 273, 293,
303, 310-11
Israel,
276, 292, 294
Italy,
41, 148, 169, 256, 262, 263
Ivan III (the Great), Grand Prince,
11-12, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27
Ivan IV (the Terrible), Tsar
and domestic affairs,
20, 23—6,
27, 30-5
passim
and foreign affairs,
13-15, 243
Ivan V, Tsar,
16
Ivanov,
General
N.
I.,
159,163
Izvestiia,
181
Japan
and Imperial Russia,
119, 122,
148
and USSR,
244, 245, 251, 252,
257, 266, 267, 293
see also foreign intervention
Jassy, Treaty of,
41
Jews, Judaism,
5,100,
111,
117, 289,
294, 311
see also
antisemitism
Joachim, Patriarch,
35
Joseph of Volokolamsk, Abbot,
Josephites,
6,19-20, 24
judiciary, legal system
Muscovite,
23-4
Imperial,
57-8, 59, 70, 77, 79, 80,
82, 92, 95
Soviet,
193, 238, 240-1, 298
Kadets, (Constitutional-Democratic
Party)
foundation of and in First Duma,
123, 124-5, 127
in Second Duma,
131
in Third Duma,
133,139
in Fourth Duma,
139-41, 155-6
in
1917, 158, 163-4, 175, 176, 179,
182, 183
after October
1917, 193
see also liberalism, Provisional
Government
Kamenev, L.
В.,
183,184, 212-13,
234
Karakozov, D. V.,
80
Karamzin,
N.
M.,
63
Katkov, M. N.,
84
Kazakhstan,
282
Kazan,
13, 24, 25
Kerensky, A. F.,
140, 164, 169, 177,
182-3, 184-5, 187
KGB see secret police
Khabalov, General S. S.,
159
Khazars,
3, 5
Khrushchev,
N.
S.
and domestic affairs,
238, 271,
273, 277-86
passim,
296-305
passim,
310
and foreign affairs,
279, 290, 291,
300
Kiev (city and province),
81, 251
Kiev, Grand Principality of,
3-4, 7,
8, 13, 22
Kirov, S. M.,
237
Kiselev, P. D.,
61
Kokovtsov, V. N.,
120,136,138
Kollontai, A. M.,
209
Kolokol, (The Bell),
87
Komsomol, Communist Youth
League,
209, 225, 232, 235, 238,
240, 297
Konovalov, A. I.,
139,140, 155
Korea,
119, 266-7
Kornilov, General L. G.,
182-4
Kosygin, A. N.,
300
Kronstadt, 124,159,179,183, 202,
204, 205
Kuchuk Kainardzhi, Treaty of,
41
Index
335
kulaks ,
196, 204, 208-9, 213, 223-
9,273
see also peasants
Kulikovo, battle of,
11
Kursk, battle of,
251
Kutuzov, Marshal M. I.,
42-3, 254
labour camps,
199, 221, 228-9, 238,
269, 274, 279, 280
labour legislation
Imperial,
78, 101, 110, 140
Soviet,
230-1, 280
Land and Liberty ,
89, 91
land captain,
102, 132, 135
Lanskoy, S. S.,
74, 78
Latvia, 111,
246, 251, 273
Lavrov, P. L.,
87
League of Nations,
244
League of Struggle for the
Emancipation of the Working
Class,
113
Left Communists,
188, 201
legal code,
17
1550, 23-4
1649, 27, 30-1, 33
1839, 58
legal system see judiciary
Legislative Commission,
50, 55
Lena goldfields massacre,
141
Lenin, V. I.
to
1905,114-18
1907-14,145-6
and World War I,
157
in
1917, 165, 177-81,184-6
and Brest-Litovsk,
188-9
in power
and foreign affairs,
189, 191,
and domestic affairs,
193, 196,
197, 198, 201-2, 204, 205,
206, 209, 212, 301;
on
collectivization,
224
cult of,
210-11, 254, 279-80, 295
and Stalin,
204, 206, 207, 211,
213, 259, 269
Leningrad,
211, 213, 218, 251, 254,
263, 276-7, 287
see also St Petersburg,
Petrograd
liberalism, liberals,
87-8, 101-2,
105,120, 123, 139-41,149, 155
see also Kadets, Progressive Party,
Provisional Government
literacy,
38,174
literature
Kievan,
6,
Muscovite,
38
Imperial,
63, 65-6, 84, 101, 144
Soviet,
208-9, 240-1, 242, 275,
295-7
Lithuania, Lithuanians,
8, 9, 10,13,
16, 273, 311
Litvínov,
M. M.,
244, 246
Livonia,
13-14, 24, 26, 246
local government
Muscovite,
23-4, 30
Imperial,
48, 55-6, 57, 58, 70, 76,
77, 79, 83, 132
see also bureaucracy,
dumy
(municipal)
soviets,
zemstva
Lomonosov, M. V.,
63
Loris-Melikov, General
M. T.,
93-
5,122
Lunacharsky, A. V.,
145, 193, 209
Lvov, Prince
G. E.,
163,165, 174,
175
Lysenko,
T.
D.,
275, 296
machine-tractor stations
(MTS),
228, 304
Magnitogorsk,
218, 228-9
Makarii, Metropolitan,
20
Makhno,
N.
I.,
197
Maklakov,
Ν. Α.,
135
Maksimovsky, V. N.,
205
Malenkov,
G. M.,
268, 276-7, 278,
280, 283, 290, 300
Manchuria,
119
Mandelstam,
Ο. Ε.,
209-10
Mao Zedong,
266, 292
market, internal
development of,
22-3, 59, 68, 96,
138
breakdown of,
153-4,171-3
336
Index
market, internal
—
contă.
in Soviet period,
196,199, 202-4,
215-16
Marshall Aid,
262-3
Martov, I. O.,
117, 157, 182, 186
Marx, K., Marxism,
112-13,115,
118, 161,177, 201, 275-6, 299
see also Social Democratic Labour
Party, Bolsheviks,
Mensheviks
Mayakovsky, V. V.,
209
Medvedev, R.,
311
Mensheviks, Menshevism
to
1905,114-18,123
1906-14,144-6
during World War I,
156-7
in
1917,158-87
passim
after October revolution,
191,
200, 204, 233-4
see also Social Democratic Labour
Party
merchants,
11, 24, 25, 31, 59-60,
192
mestnichestvo,
22, 32
Michael I, Tsar,
16, 35
Michael Alexandrovich, Grand
Duke,
160
middle class, professionals,
83—4,
101-2,120,122, 140,143-4,
155,160
see also business community,
specialists, townsmen
Military Revolutionary Committee
(MRC),
185-6
Mikhailovsky,
N.
K.,
87, 88
Miliukov, P.
N.
1905-17,128, 139,149,155-6
in
1917,159,160,163,166-7, 180,
181
Miliutin, D. A.,80
Miliutin,
Ν. Α.,
78
minority nationalism see
nationalism
Molotov,
V. M.,
237, 246, 263, 268,
269, 277, 278
monasteries, monastic estates,
7,
19, 20, 22, 25, 28, 35, 36
Mongolia,
278, 292
Mongols,
8-11, 13, 22
Moscow and region
in Muscovy,
17, 18, 25, 36, 38
territorial expansion,
10-16
in Imperial Russia,
53, 63
industry in,
100, 109,139,143,
155
and invasion of
1812, 42-3
strikes and revolutionary
protest in,
122-4
passim,
143,146
in
1917,159,176,178,181,182,
183,186
in USSR,
191, 197, 199, 213, 218,
251, 258, 287
Muslims see Islam
Napoleon I, French Emperor,
41-3,
51
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization),
264, 267, 268,
269, 291, 308
nationalism
Russian,
80, 84, 93,
111,
204, 243,
274, 310-11
of minority nationalities,
110-11,
123,132,175-6, 204-5, 280
and national self-
determination,
186—7
and Great Terror,
238
and World War
Π,
254
post-war,
273, 289, 294-5, 310-
11
see also individual national
minorities
Nationalist Party,
133-4
Narva, battle of,
51
navy
Imperial,
47, 49, 99,119,123,133,
148,151
in
1917,159, 171
Soviet,
268, 290
see also
Kronstadt
Nazi-Soviet Pact,
246-8, 257
Index 337
Nechaev,
S. G.,
89
NEF (New Economie
Policy),
202-
5, 208-16, 219, 225, 236, 240,
242
Nicholas
I, Tsar,
43-5, 51, 52, 58,
64,73
Nicholas
Π,
Tsar,
96, 99, 102,
111,
119
in
1905, 122, 124
and Duma,
133-4, 135-8
and World War I,
148-9,151,
154,155
in
1917, 159-60
death of,
191
Nicholas Nicholaevich, Grand
Duke,
154
nihilists, nihilism,
86, 113
Nikon, Patriarch,
35, 37-8
NKVD see secret police
nobility
Muscovite,
18, 24, 27, 30, 32-3
Imperial,
47, 50, 52-6,
and Great Reforms,
69-79
passim
decline and reaction,
94-5,102-
5, 127, 131, 132-3, 135, 154
abolition of,
192
see also
boyars, pomestie
nomenklatura,
200, 287
Northern Union of Russian
Workers,
82
Novgorod
and Kiev,
3, 5, 7, 9
and Muscovy,
10,11, 13, 22, 24,
25
Novosiltsev, N.,
50
nuclear arms race,
268, 289-90, 305,
308
Nystadt, Treaty of,
40
October Manifesto
(1905), 122-3,
124,126,134,135,140
Workers ,
205
oprichnina, oprichniki,
24-5, 26, 31
Ordzhonikidze, G. K.,
237, 239
Orthodox Church, Orthodoxy
and Kiev,
5-Ю
passim,
19
and Muscovy,
10-11,16, 18, 19-
20, 35-8
and Imperial Russia,
48—50
passim,
64, 67, 101, 110-11,
107-8, 132
in
1917, 165, 181
and USSR,
193, 210, 226, 240-1,
254, 310-11
see also clergy
Osvobozhdenie (Liberation),
102
Pahlen, P.,
53
Panin, N.,
53
Panslavs,
Panslavism,
84, 93
Paris, Treaty of
(1856), 45, 93
passport system, internal,
229, 230,
287, 299
Pasternak, B. L.,
209, 242, 275, 296
Patriarchate,
35, 36, 49,181, 254
Pauli,
Tsar,
41, 51,55
Peasants Union,
119, 122, 123
peasants,
6
and Muscovy,
10, 11, 19, 23, 29-
30
and Imperial Russia,
51, 56, 60-
3, 70, 71, 80-1, 91, 92, 105-8,
123,129-31
state peasants,
29, 48, 60-1, 70
in
1917, 158-87
pűssi m
and USSR,
186-7, 192, 196-7,
202-3, 211, 215-16, 220-1,
223-9, 270-1, 284-6
and private plots,
225, 227-8,
254, 270, 304
see also agriculture,
collectivization, kulaks ,
serfdom
People s Will ,
91, 95,
111
Persia see Iran
Peter I (the Great), Tsar,
xi, 243
and domestic affairs,
35, 39, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 55, 57 , 58, 59,
62-3
and foreign affairs,
15,16, 40, 50-
1
Peter
Ш,
Tsar,
50, 51, 55
338
Index
Petrashevsky,
M.
V., Petrashevtsy
,
66, 67, 88
Petrograd, 153, 155, 158-86
passim,
191, 198, 199
see also
St
Petersburg, Leningrad
physical setting of Russia,
1—3
Pilnyak,
Β. Α.,
209
Pioneers,
232, 297
Pisarev, D. I.,
78, 86
planning, economic
Gosplan and,
214, 221
Five-Year Plans
First,
214-15, 218-19, 223, 229,
230, 232
Second,
218-19, 229-30
Third,
218-19, 239
in World War I,
268
post-war,
268-72
since Stalin,
283, 286, 301-2, 304-
8
Plehve, V. K.
von., 120
Plekhanov, G. V.,
17, 112,113,117
Pobedonostsev, K. P.,
94
Pokrovsky,
Μ. Ν.,
242
Poland, Poles
and Kiev,
8, 9
and Muscovy,
13, 15, 16, 34, 35,
36
and Imperial Russia,
40, 41, 43,
45, 53, 60, 78-9, 80, 89,100,
109,
111,
123, 124, 132,133,
150, 176
and USSR,
191, 245, 246, 252,
258-9, 261-3, 272, 279, 291
Politburo, Presidium,
xiii, 200,
206, 207, 212, 215, 222, 237,
269, 276, 277, 278, 299, 300-1
Poltava, battle of,
51
pomestie, pomeshchiki,
24-8, 32—5, 49
see also nobility
population, growth and size of,
47,
69, 109, 254, 283, 303
populism, populists,
67, 88, 112-13
Potsdam conference,
256, 260
POWs (prisoners-of-war)
in World War 1,
151
in World War II,
254, 255, 273-4
Pravda
(Truth),
176, 181, 225, 277
Preobrazhensky,
Ε. Α.,
208
press,
70, 76, 80, 82, 84,
S7,
92, 95,
103-5, 232, 297
see also censorship and individual
newspapers
privilege, in USSR,
236, 272, 286,
308
Progressive Party,
139—41
Prokofiev, S. S.,
275
proletariat see workers
Provisional Government,
163—87
passim,
192,193
Prussia,
40, 41, 45, 51, 80, 81, 87,
93, 149
Pugachev, E. I., Pugachev
rebellion,
53, 61-2, 64, 67
Pushkin, A. S.,
xii, 63, 66
Radishchev, A. D.,
64, 67
railways
in Imperial Russia,
73, 81, 96, 98,
122,123,148,149, 153
in
1917, 163, 171-2
in USSR,
202, 218
Rasputin, G. E.,
136-8,154-5
Razin,
S. T.,
30, 38
Red Guards,
184
Repin, I. E.,
101
Reutern,
Μ. Κ.,
81
revolution
of
1905, 95,101,117,119-25
of
1917, xii, 151, 158-87
February,
154, 156,158-64
April days,
166
July days,
179-81
October,
158,184-7,188
revolutionary intelligentsia,
78, 79,
84-91,111-19,161
see also Social Democratic Labour
Party, Socialist
Revolutionaries
Riga,
182
rivers, importance of,
1,10—11
Rodzianko, M. V.,
159-60
Index
339
Romania,
43,150, 245, 246, 251,
258, 259, 262, 263
Romanovs, dynasty,
32, 35, 51, 120
Roosevelt, F. D.,
244, 256, 257, 260,
262
Rostov-on-Don,
110
Rurik, dynasty,
5, 15, 35
Russification,
80,
111,
310
Rykov, A.
L,
216-17
St Petersburg,
53, 58, 63, 75, 76, 77
foundation of,
40
industry and commerce in,
60,
100,109, 139
strikes and revolutionary protest
in,
66, 78, 82, 91, 109, 110,
120-4
passim,
143,146
see also
Petrograd,
Leningrad
Sakharov, A. N.,
311
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation
Talks),
290, 293
San Stefano,
Treaty of,
93
Sazonov, S. D.,
149
sea, outlets to,
3, 16, 40, 48, 50, 59,
146, 150
second economy ,
309
Second World War see World War II
secret police
Imperial,
58, 71, 80, 99, 144
Soviet,
193,194,197, 200, 212,
213,221-2, 228-9, 230, 237-
9, 243, 261, 269,272, 274,
278, 279, 280, 301, 311
secularization,
38—9, 64
Senate,
40, 48
Serbia,
146-9
serfdom,
24-31, 28, 52, 56, 60-1, 65
see also Emancipation, peasants
Serno-Solovievich,
Ν. Α.,
78
Sevastopol,
45, 251
Shakhty trial,
216, 233, 235, 239
Shidlovsky Commission,
120,123
Sholokhov,
Μ. Α.,
242
Short Course on the History of the
CPSU (b),
243, 274, 295
Shostakovich,
D. D.,
275
Shuvalov, P.
Α.,
80
Siberia,
13, 129, 141, 197, 216, 273,
282, 283
exiles in,
56, 64, 161, 168
Slavophiles,
66-7, 161
Social Democratic Labour Party
(RSDLP), Social Democrats,
113-18, 127, 131, 144-5
see also Bolsheviks, Mensheviks
social mobility, in USSR,
286-7,
309-10
social welfare, in USSR,
229-30,
284-6
socialism in one country ,
207, 240
socialist realism,
242, 275, 295
Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs)
to
1917, 118-19, 127, 131, 144,
156-7
in
1917, 158-87
passim
after October Revolution,
191,
192,197, 200, 204, 233-4
Left SRs,
186, 188,193
Solzhenitsyn, A. L,
296-7, 311
Sophia, Regent,
16, 35, 38, 39
South Yemen,
292
Sovremennik (The Contemporary),
87
soviets
in
1905,123-4
in
1917,160-86
passim
after
1917, xi, 193-4,197, 200,
204, 225, 269, 297-9
Spanish Civil War,
245
specialists, technical intelligentsia ,
198, 209, 216, 230, 233-4, 235-
6,239
Speransky,
M. M.,
50, 52, 57
Stakhanov,
Α.,
Stakhanovites,
231
Stalin, J. V.,
xi
and domestic affairs
and power struggle of
1920s,
204, 206, 207-8, 211, 212-
14, 216
and revolution from above,
222-43
and post-war period,
267—77
passim
340
Index
Stalin,
J.
V.,
-
contă.
and foreign affairs
and pre-war diplomacy,
213,
243-7
and World War
П,
248-56
and Cold War,
256-68, 290
passim
and Lenin,
204, 206, 207, 211,
213, 259, 269
personality cult of,
222, 231, 269,
279, 295
see also destalinization
Stalingrad, battle of,
251
State Council,
94, 122,126, 133-4
state farms,
211, 283, 286, 304
Stolypin, P.
Α.,
Stolypin reform,
127-35, 148
Straits (Dardanelles and
Bosphorus),
146, 150
streltsy,
33-5, 38, 47, 49
strikes
in Imperial Russia,
82,110,120-4
passim,
141,143, 153
in
1917, 158, 173, 193
in USSR,
202, 310
Struve, P.
В.,
102
students see universities
Sunday School movement,
78
Suvorov, General A. V.,
41, 254
Sviatopolk-Mirsky, P. D.,
120,
122
Sweden, Swedes,
8,15, 40, 41, 45,
47, 53,168-9
Syria,
292
Table of Ranks,
55
Tannenberg,
battle of,
150
Tatars see Mongols
taxation, budget
Muscovite,
17, 28, 33, 34-6
Imperial,
48, 73, 81, 96-7, 98, 99,
126, 153,173
see also defence budget
Tchaikovsky, P. I.,
101
Teheran conference,
256
Tereshchenko, M. I.,
168
Third World
Soviet relations with,
291—3
view of Soviet achievement,
313
Tilsit, Treaty of,
41
Time of Troubles,
15-16, 26, 30, 32,
35, 36, 38
Tito,J. B.,252,263,
276
Tkachev, P. N.,
87
Tolstoy, D.
Α.,
80, 94
Tolstoy,
L. N.,
84, 143
Tomsky,
M. P.,
216
totalitarianism ,
222-3
towns, townsmen
Kievan,
3, 5
Muscovite,
22-4, 30-1
Imperial,
47, 56, 57, 59-60
see also business community,
merchants, middle class
trade, foreign
Kievan,
3, 5, 7
Muscovite,
31
Imperial,
48, 59, 60, 81, 96-7, 99,
153
Soviet,
211, 219, 228, 291, 308
see also market, internal
trade unions
in Imperial Russia,
122,123,140,
141, 143, 146
in
1917, 164,171,173,178,186
in USSR,
198, 200, 205, 211, 215,
230, 238, 269, 299, 301, 310
Trepov, General
F. F., 91
Trepov, D.
F., 133,134
Trotsky, L. D.
before
1917,116-17,123,144,
145, 178
in
1917,180-5
passim
as Commissar for Foreign
Affairs,
188,189
as Commissar for War,
189,191,
195, 201-2, 205, 259
and political struggle of
1920s,
212-15
and Great Terror,
234
Trudovik (Labour) Group,
127, 140
Truman,
H. S.,
262
Index
341
Tsereteli, I.
G.,
168, 177, 179, 183
Turgenev, I.
S.,
84, 86
Turkey, Ottoman Empire
and Muscovy,
13-14
and Imperial Russia,
40—1, 43—4,
48, 53, 84, 92-3,146, 150
and USSR,
262, 273
see also Constantinople
Tver,
10, 11, 76
Ukraine, Ukrainians
and Kiev,
9
and Muscovy,
13, 16, 36
and Imperial Russia,
40—1, 48, 60,
100, 108, 109,
111,
117
in
1917, 176
and USSR,
189, 196,197, 204,
238, 246, 254, 273, 311
Union of Liberation,
102
Union of the Russian People,
125
United Nations Organization (UN),
260, 266-7
United States of America (USA)
and World War 1,
169
1917-39, 207, 244
and World War
П,
248, 252
and Cold War,
256, 258, 259, 260,
262, 264, 266-7, 276
since Stalin,
289-93
passim,
308,
311
see also Allies, foreign
intervention, NATO
universities, higher education,
students
in Imperial Russia,
63, 70, 80, 85-
6, 92, 95, 102,
111,
122, 126,
141,143
in
1917, 159,160, 164-5
in USSR,
234-5, 236, 240-1, 285,
310
Urals,
1,13, 61, 62, 216, 218, 273, 282
Valuev, P.
Α.,
78
Varangians (Vikings),
3
veche,
7, 22
Vietnam,
292, 293
see also
Indo-China
virgin lands campaign,
282, 303
Vladimir I, Grand Prince,
5, 7
Vladimir Monomakh, Grand
Prince,
7
Vladimir-Suzdal,
8, 10, 11
Vladivostok,
189
Vlasov,
General
Α. Α.,
254
Volga-Germans,
273
Voroshilov, Marshal
Κ. Ε.,
268
votchina,
32
Voznesensky,
Α. Α.,
295
Voznesensky,
Ν. Α.,
277
VSNKh (Supreme Council of the
National Economy),
192,198,
205, 215
Vyborg District,
Petrograd, 158, 177
Vyshnegradsky,
Ι. Α.,
106,107
War Communism,
201-2, 204,
205
War Industry Committees
(WIC),
155-6
Warsaw Pact,
289, 290, 291, 308
Westerners,
66-7
White Armies,
189-92,195, 197
white-collar workers, Soviet
intelligentsia,
234-9, 272, 275,
286, 287-9, 310
Witte,
Count
S. lu.,
98,103, 106,
122, 127, 133, 138, 207
women,
63, 86, 199, 209, 219, 231,
286, 303, 309-10
workers, proletariat
in Imperial Russia,
82, 91, 100-1,
108-10,112, 113,116, 120-4,
126, 141-3, 146, 153
in
1917,158-87
passim
in USSR,
197-200, 215, 229-35,
253, 268, 271-2, 286, 287,
299-300, 305-6
see also factory committees,
labour legislation, trade
unions
World War I,
146-57, 165
World War
Π,
246-58, 268, 289,
293, 297
342 Index
Yalta conference,
256, 260
Yaroslav (the Wise), Prince,
7
Yevtushenko,
Ε. Α.,
295
Yezhov,
N.
I.,
222, 239
Yugoslavia,
252, 258, 260, 263, 276,
292
Zasulich, V. L,
91
Zemsky sobor
(Assembly of the
Land),
16, 24, 31, 32, 33,
50
zemstva,
70, 79-81, 92, 101, 102,
105, 107, 120, 126, 127, 132-5
passim
154,155, 164, 174,192
Zhdanov,
Α. Α.,
263, 274, 275,
276-7
Zhdanovshchina,
274-6, 295
Zhukov, Marshal G. K.,
253, 269
Zinoviev, G. Y.,
184, 212-13, 234
Zoshchenko,
Μ. Μ.,
274
Zuba tov,
S.V.,
Zubatov
unions,
110,120
Bayerische
fiteatsbj.Jiothek
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Acton, Edward 1949- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)122613201 |
| author_facet | Acton, Edward 1949- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Acton, Edward 1949- |
| author_variant | e a ea |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV000502522 |
| callnumber-first | D - World History |
| callnumber-label | DK40 |
| callnumber-raw | DK40 |
| callnumber-search | DK40 |
| callnumber-sort | DK 240 |
| callnumber-subject | DK - Russia, Soviet Union, Former Soviet Republics, Poland |
| classification_rvk | NK 4700 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)12262226 (DE-599)BVBBV000502522 |
| dewey-full | 947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947 |
| dewey-search | 947 |
| dewey-sort | 3947 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Sowjetunion Soviet Union History Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Sowjetunion Soviet Union History Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV000502522 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:14:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0582493226 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000311691 |
| oclc_num | 12262226 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | XIII, 342 S. Ill., Kt. |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 1986 |
| publishDateSearch | 1986 |
| publishDateSort | 1986 |
| publisher | Longman |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The present and the past |
| spelling | Acton, Edward 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)122613201 aut Russia 1. publ. London u.a. Longman 1986 XIII, 342 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The present and the past Geschichte Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion Soviet Union History Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s DE-604 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000311691&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000311691&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Acton, Edward 1949- Russia Geschichte Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Russia |
| title_auth | Russia |
| title_exact_search | Russia |
| title_full | Russia |
| title_fullStr | Russia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia |
| title_short | Russia |
| title_sort | russia |
| topic | Geschichte Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Sowjetunion Soviet Union History Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000311691&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000311691&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT actonedward russia |