Promoting nature in cities and towns: a practical guide
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Croom Helm
1986
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 396 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0709909667 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | PROMOTING NATURE
IN CITIES AND TOWNS
A Practical Guide
By Malcolm Emery for the Ecological Parks Trust
CROOM HELM
London • Sydney • Dover, New Hampshire
Contents
List of plates
List of figures
List of tables
Acknowledgements
Foreword EM Nicholson
PART ONE: HOW TO START UP NEW SITES
1 Introduction — why urban nature conservation?
1 1 Personal-benefits
1 2 Educational benefits
1 3 Environmental benefits — wasteland as a resource
1 4 Benefits to wildlife
1 5 Economic benefits
1 6 References
2 How to begin Establishing a (local) wildlife group
2 1 Why form a group
2 2 Getting the ball rolling
2 3 Suggestions for an efficient group structure
231 Group officers
232 Sub-committees and teams
233 Working with volunteers
2 4 Communication
241 Newsletters
242 Other tools of communication
2 5 Meetings
251 Preparation of the first public meeting
252 The first public meeting
253 Group meetings
2 6 External relations
261 Relations with local authorities
262 Relations with other wildlife and amenity groups
263 Relations with academic and professional institutions
2 7 Keeping records
2 8 Group organisation
2 9 Finance and fund-raising
291 Applying to charitable trusts
292 Grants from local and central government
293 Applying to industrial and commercial organisations
294 Covenants and legacies
295 • Fund-raising locally 42
296 House-to-house and street collections 42
297 Events 42
298 Re-cycling 44
299 Trading 44
2 9 10 Recommended sources of advice and further information 44
2 10 References 45
2 11 Useful organisations 46
3 Legal considerations and constraints 47
3 1 The establishment of local groups 47
311 The constitution 47
312 Group organisation 49
313 Charitable status 52
314 Responsibilities for public activities 57
315 Responsibilities as an employer 59
316 Fund-raising and group accounts 60
3 2 The use of sites 62
321 Tenure 62
322 Planning and building regulations 63
3 3 Insurance 66
331 Fire, theft, loss or damage 67
332 Group liabilities 67
333 Vehicles 68
334 Special events and activities 69
3 4 Wildlife and the law 69
341 Trees and the law 71
342 Further reading 72
3 5 Sources of legal advice 73
351 Using solicitors 74
3 6 References 74
3 7 Useful organisations • 75
4 Site surveying and selection 77
4 1 Preliminary research 77
411 Sources of help and information 78
412 Site uses and requirements 80
413 Site record sheets and instructions for volunteers 85
4 2 Conducting the survey of the area 97
421 Volunteer briefing and organisation 97
422 Maps 97
423 Surveying in the field 98
424 Survey back-up 102
4 3 Interpreting area survey results 104
4 4 Detailed site surveys 105
441 Subterranean features 105
442 Soil features 106
443 Topography and landscape features 111
444 Habitats, communities and species 112
4 5 References 114
4 6 Useful organisations 114
5 Principles of site design 117
5 1 Ecological principles 117
511 The individual 117
512 The community 118
513 Competition, stress and disturbance 122
514 Site survey and analysis in the design process 122
515 Management implications of design 129
5 2 Principles covering site use 132
521 Site form and appearance 132
522 Choice of habitats for particular uses 133
523 Zonation, rotation of access and path layout 133
5 3 Economics of design with nature 136
5 4 Sources of advice and further information 140
5 5 References 141
PART TWO: DEVELOPING SITES — ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
AND PRACTICES
6 2 10 Useful organisations 213
6 Creation of habitats
6 1 Grassland/meadow
Ground preparation
Choice of species
Sources of seed
Sowing the seed
Immediate after-care
Propagation of wild plants
Turf transplants
References
Useful organisations
6 2 Scrub/woodland
Ground preparation
Choice of species
Sources of trees and shrubs
Growing your own
Fertilisers
Planting out
Immediate after-care
Hedges
References
6 3 Freshwater 214
631 Siting a new pond 214
632 The pond shape 217
633 Marking out, levelling and lining requirements 217
634 Methods of creating new ponds 220
635 Problems associated with urban water features 226
636 Introduction of plants and animals 226
637 References 232
638 Useful organisations 233
6 4 Wildlife gardens and mini-habitats 233
641 Food plants 234
642 Features of a wildlife garden 235
643 Bird tables and nest boxes 238
644 Bat boxes 242
645 Hedgehogs 243
646 Gardens for the handicapped 244
647 References 247
648 Useful organisations 248
7 Long-term management 251
7 1 Management in relation to natural succession 251
7 2 The management plan 253
721 Monitoring and re-appraisal 259
722 Management of individual habitats 260
7 3 Grassland/meadow management 260
731 Management by grazing 262
732 Management by cutting 263
733 Weeding 266
734 Introducing new species to established grassland 266
7 4 Woodland/scrub management 267
741 Newly planted woodland/scrub 267
742 Established woodland/scrub 271
743 Surveying woodland 277
744 Principles of woodland management for nature conservation 280
745 Tree felling 283
746 Coppicing for wildlife 287
747 Glades, rides and woodland edge 290
748 Scrub management 291
749 Hedgerow management 293
7 5 Freshwater management • 296
751 Ecology of ponds and pools 296
752 Preliminary surveys of established water bodies 299
753 Basic management requirements 301
754 Safety 312
755 Management of human impact 313
7 6 References 313
7 7 Useful organisations 315
8 Interpretation 317
8 1 Why interpret? 317
8 2 What do you interpret? 318
8 3 Who do you interpret to? 318
8 4 What sort of message are you conveying? 319
8 5 What interpretive devices should you use? 319
8 6 Interpretive planning 320
861 Surveys 320
862 Survey analysis and formulation of objectives 321
863 Choosing appropriate media 322
864 Implementation and management 322
8 7 References 323
Appendix 1 Constitution of the Ecological Parks Trust 325
Appendix 2 Some useful guides to plant and animal identification 339
Appendix 3 Soil sampling and some simple field analysis techniques 342
Appendix 4 The National Tree Survey 345
Appendix 5 The relative importance of habitat conditions and the vegetation
types adapted to contend with them 349
Appendix 6 Examples of commercial seed mixes 350
Appendix 7 List of trees and shrubs for different conditions 353
Appendix 8 Scrub planting mixtures 356
Appendix 9 Woodland planting mixtures 359
Appendix 10 List of food plants for a wildlife garden 366
Appendix 11 Garden flowers and shrubs for wildlife 369
Appendix 12 Pesticides 370
Appendix 13 Aquatic invertebrates as indicators of water pollution level 374
Appendix 14 Directory of suppliers 376
Woodlands — forestry equipment 376
Wetlands — pond lining materials 376
Grassland — mowers 377
Seed suppliers , 377
Soil analysis and testing 379
Hand tools 379
Garden tools for the disabled 379
Wood preservers 379
Timber 380
Miscellaneous 380
Appendix 15 Addresses of useful organisations 380
Index
395
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| spellingShingle | Emery, Malcolm Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide Stadt Cities and towns Great Britain Nature conservation Great Britain Pflege (DE-588)4174084-1 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd Naturschutz (DE-588)4115348-0 gnd |
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| title | Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide |
| title_auth | Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide |
| title_exact_search | Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide |
| title_full | Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide by Malcolm Emery |
| title_fullStr | Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide by Malcolm Emery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide by Malcolm Emery |
| title_short | Promoting nature in cities and towns |
| title_sort | promoting nature in cities and towns a practical guide |
| title_sub | a practical guide |
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| topic_facet | Stadt Cities and towns Great Britain Nature conservation Great Britain Pflege Naturschutz Großbritannien |
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