The arid lands: their use and abuse
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Longman
1983
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 323 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0582300487 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804114595415064576 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The arid lands
Autor: Heathcote, Ronald L.
Jahr: 1983
Contents
List of Figures x
List of Plates xii
List of Tables xiii
Acknowledgements xvi
Foreword xviii
A Note on the Sources xx
Parti The context of arid resource management
Chapter 1 Introduction 2
The fascination of the arid lands 2
The evolving knowledge of the arid lands 4
Pre-1800 5 1800 to the 1930s 5 Since the 1930s 6
Chapter 2 Defining the arid lands 12
The problem 12
Deserts: the literary definitions 12
The arid zone: the scientific definitions 14
Definitions pre-1952 14 Meig s arid homoclimates 15
The arid lands defined 17
Questions raised by the definitions 17
The arid nations 20
The arid lands population 20
Part II The resources of the arid lands
Chapter 3 The nature of aridity 24
Aridity and drought 24
The causes of aridity 24 The causes of drought 26
Contents
The general characteristics of arid climates 27
Precipitation 27 Temperature 28 Wind 30 Summary 30
Micro-climates in the arid lands 31
Modification of relative humidities 31 Reduction of
temperature extremes 31 Reduction of wind speeds 32
Summary: significance of micro-climates 32
Changing arid climates 33
The age of the contemporary arid climates 33 The relevance
of the age of the arid climates 34 An unchanging arid
climate? 37
Human modification of arid climates: actual and potential 37
Modifications of the global arid climate 38 Modification of
local arid climates 40
Chapter 4 The arid terrains 42
General terrain characteristics 42
The patterns of terrains 43
Arid land soils 50
Research 51 Characteristics 52 Agricultural potentials 55
The changing terrains 58
Chapter 5 Water resources 61
Water in the arid lands 62
Water quality 63
Problems of water use 64
Accessibility 64 Quality 66 Competing users of water 67
Desalination 70
The Israeli water budget: a case study in resource
planning 72
Chapter 6 Plant resources 76
Characteristics of arid lands plants 76
Basic plant:soil:water relationships 76 Plant stresses in
arid lands 78
Plant adaptations to aridity 80
General survival mechanisms 80 Special survival
mechanisms 80
Assessing the plant resources 81
Resources in space and time 82 Plants in the arid
ecosystem 83
Utilizing the plant resources 85
Medicinal resources 86 Industrial resources 87
Chapter 7 Animal resources 91
Animals in the arid lands 91
Domestic livestock on the arid ranges 93
Water stresses 93 Feed stresses 94 The environmental
impact of grazing 97
Beyond the domestic livestock 100
vi
Contents
Chapter 8 Energy in the arid lands 102
The energy crisis 102
Energy resources in the arid lands 104
Gravitational energy 104 Nuclear energy 106 Solar energy:
fluxes 106 Biological storage of solar power 108 Wastes
109 Fossil fuels: geological storage of solar power 109
Future energy management 115
Part HI Evolution and impact of human resource use in the arid
lands
Chapter 9 Resource use strategies in the arid lands: an overview of
past and present V jl*i
Some questions on the nature of resources 118
Some strategies, philosophies, and models of resource
use 119
Strategies 119 Philosophies 120 Models 120 Decision
theory 124
Measuring the resources 124
Evolution of resource use in the arid lands, 1500-1980s 126
Land use in the arid nations in the 1970s 133
Chapter 10 The nomads 134
The hunter-gatherers 134
Origins 135 Relics 136 The lost resource-use system 139
Environmental impact 142
The pastoral nomads 143
The contemporary pastoral nomads 143 Sedentarization
policies 146 Evaluating the policies 149
Chapter 11 Ranching 151
Global location: theory and practice 151
Evolution of ranching in arid lands 155
The setting in 1800 155 The Golden Age of ranching,
1830s-1920s 156 The end of an era 160
Ranching in the 1980s 161
The production units 161 Ranching in the national
economies 163
The environmental impact of ranching 163
Chapter 12 Rain-fed agriculture and marginal land use 167
Global patterns 167
Traditional systems 168
The origins of agriculture 168 The system 169 Traditional
systems in the 1980s 169
Agriculture in the arid land settlement process after 1800 170
The European system 171
Coping with the environment 173 Success or failure? 176
vii
Contents
Chapter 13 Irrigation: panacea or Pandora s box? 186
Global irrigation patterns 187
Irrigation systems 189
Field sites and water sources 189 Irrigation techniques 190
Origins and rationale for irrigation 195
Origins 195 Rationale for irrigation 196
Hydraulic societies? 197
The Wittfogel thesis 197 The hydraulic landscape 198
Irrigation since 1800 200
The situation in 1800 200 Expansion, 1800 to the 1980s 200
The role of governments 202
Case study: Irrigation in the USA (1500-1980) 203
Developments 1500-1900 203 Developments 1900- 1960s:
the federal phase 206 Developments post-1960s: competition
and complications 206
The future of irrigation in arid lands 209
Chapter 14 Mining 213
Mining as exploitive resource use 213
Mining the raw materials 214
Fertilizers from the desert 216 Base metals 216 Precious
metals and gems 217
Problems of mining in the arid lands 217
Remoteness and accessibility problems 217 Labour 218
Infrastructure and maintenance 218
Case studies 219
King Solomon s Mines ? 219 Diamonds in the Namib 220
The significance of mining 221
Economic significance 221 Case study: Bahrain 221 The
environmental impact 223
The future of mining 224
Economies of scale 224 The mining ethic 225
Chapter 15 Urban centres 226
General influences in arid urban centres 226
Arid space 226 Arid sites 227 The environmental stresses
and the need for shelter 228
Urban designs 229
Traditional designs 231 Modern designs 236
Urban functions 239
Changing oases in the Sahara 242 The new oases of central
Asia 244 Tourist centres: old and new 244 Las Vegas:
unique arid city 245 Tourist impacts: boon or bane? 247
Problems facing urban development 250
Part IV Resource management: some problems and questions
Chapter 16 Resource ownership: the land tenure question 255
viii
Contents
Traditional tenures 255
Communal ownership 255 Religious lands 256 Absentee
owners 257
European tenures 257
Individual ownership 257 Reclamation of the commons or
waste lands 258
Conflicting tenures? 259
Changing land tenures and resource ownership: a case
study of the Australian and United States arid lands 259
The historical context 259 Coping with low unit area
productivity 262 Coping with productivity variations over
space and time 265 Conclusion 267
Chapter 17 Resource-management systems 268
Allocating the scarcest resource - water 268
Traditional systems 268 Riparian versus prior appropriation
systems 269
Administering the arid lands 271
Securing the lands 271 Governing the lands 273 The
official role in arid resource management 273
Conflicts over resources: the conflict between the desert
and the sown 276
The Sinai cockpit 276 The Negev frontier 277
Chapter 18 Perception of arid resources: contrasts and ambiguities 282
The Idol of the Theatre: the constraints of language 283
The Idol of the Market-place: the contemporary
philosophies 284
Development theory 284 Changing appraisals of the Great
Plains 285
The Idol of the Cave: the personal biases 287
Explorer s image 289 Desertification: differing perceptions
of the problem d8a
The Idol of the Tribe: traditional systems 293
Culture clash: conservation - no good for Navajos? 293
Bureaucracy: the administrative trap 295
Chapter 19 Conclusions 296
Appendix UNESCO s Arid Zone Research Series 300
References 302
Index 317
IX
|
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| spelling | Heathcote, Ronald Leslie 1934-2010 Verfasser (DE-588)170075281 aut The arid lands their use and abuse R. L. Heathcote 1. publ. London [u.a.] Longman 1983 XX, 323 S. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Aride gebieden gtt Economische ontwikkeling gtt Régions arides Wirtschaftsentwicklung Arid regions Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd rswk-swf Bewässerung (DE-588)4006306-9 gnd rswk-swf Ressourcen (DE-588)4076675-5 gnd rswk-swf Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 gnd rswk-swf Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 s Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 s DE-604 Bewässerung (DE-588)4006306-9 s Ressourcen (DE-588)4076675-5 s 1\p DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000075244&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Heathcote, Ronald Leslie 1934-2010 The arid lands their use and abuse Aride gebieden gtt Economische ontwikkeling gtt Régions arides Wirtschaftsentwicklung Arid regions Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd Bewässerung (DE-588)4006306-9 gnd Ressourcen (DE-588)4076675-5 gnd Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 gnd |
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| title | The arid lands their use and abuse |
| title_auth | The arid lands their use and abuse |
| title_exact_search | The arid lands their use and abuse |
| title_full | The arid lands their use and abuse R. L. Heathcote |
| title_fullStr | The arid lands their use and abuse R. L. Heathcote |
| title_full_unstemmed | The arid lands their use and abuse R. L. Heathcote |
| title_short | The arid lands |
| title_sort | the arid lands their use and abuse |
| title_sub | their use and abuse |
| topic | Aride gebieden gtt Economische ontwikkeling gtt Régions arides Wirtschaftsentwicklung Arid regions Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd Bewässerung (DE-588)4006306-9 gnd Ressourcen (DE-588)4076675-5 gnd Trockengebiet (DE-588)4060958-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Aride gebieden Economische ontwikkeling Régions arides Wirtschaftsentwicklung Arid regions Bodennutzung Bewässerung Ressourcen Trockengebiet |
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