Evaporation into the atmosphere: theory, history, and applications
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht u.a.
Reidel
1982
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Environmental fluid mechanics.
1. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | X, 299 S., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9027712646 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Evaporation into the atmosphere |b theory, history, and applications |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Atmosphère | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Meteorologie |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Verdamping |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Évaporation (Météorologie) | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Evaporation into the atmosphere
Autor: Brutsaert, Wilfried
Jahr: 1982
Table of Contents
PAGE
FOREWORD ix
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION I
1.1. Definitions 1
1.2. Practical Scope 1
a. The Water Budget I
b. The Energy Budget 2
1.3. Global Climatology 3
1.4. The Transfer of Other Admixtures at the Earth-Atmosphere Interface 10
CHAPTER 2. HISTORY OF THE THEORIES OF EVAPORATION - A
CHRONOLOGICAL SKETCH 12
2.1. Greek Antiquity 12
2.2. The Roman Period and the Middle Ages 17
2.3. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: Initial Measurements and
Experimentation 25
2.4. Foundations of Present Theories in the Nineteenth Century 31
CHAPTER 3. THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE 37
3.1. Moist Air 37
a. Some Parameter Definitions 37
b. Useful Forms of the First Law of Thermodynamics 38
c. Saturation Vapor Pressure 40
3.2. Hydrostatic Stability of Partly Saturated Atmosphere 42
a. Small Adiabatic Displacements 42
b. Potential Temperature 44
3.3. Atmospheric Transport of Water Vapor 45
a. Conservation of Water Vapor 45
b. Other Conservation Equations 48
c. Solution of the Transport Equations 51
3.4. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer 52
vi Table of Contents
CHAPTER 4. MEAN PROFILES AND SIMILARITY IN A
STATIONARY AND HORIZONTALLY UNIFORM ABL 57
4.1. The Dynamic Sublayer ^
a. The Logarithmic Profile 57
b. The Power Law Approximation 63
4.2. The Surface Sublayer 64
a. The Mean Profiles 64
b. Some Flux-Profile Functions 67
4.3. Bulk Parameterization of the Whole ABL 72
a. Similarity for the Mean Profiles in the Outer Sublayer 72
b. Bulk Transfer Equations for the ABL 76
4.4. The Interfacial Sublayers 86
a. Similarity for the Mean Profiles 86
b. Interfacial Bulk Transfer Equations for Scalar Admixtures 87
c. Smooth Surfaces: The Viscous Sublayer 89
d. Surfaces with Bluff Roughness Elements 92
e. Surfaces with Permeable Roughnesses: The Canopy Sublayer 97
CHAPTER 5. THE SURFACE ROUGHNESS PARAMETERIZATION 113
5.1. The Momentum Roughness 113
a. Land Surfaces 113
b. Water Surfaces 117
5.2. The Scalar Roughness 121
a. Calculation from Interfacial Transfer Coefficients 122
b. Values Over Water 124
CHAPTER 6. ENERGY FLUXES AT THE EARTH S SURFACE 128
6.1. Net Radiation 128
a. Global Short Wave Radiation 131
b. Albedo 133
c. Long-Wave or Terrestrial Radiation 137
6.2. Energy Absorption by Photosynthesis 144
6.3. Energy Flux at Lower Boundary of the Layer 145
a. Land Surfaces 145
b. Whole Water Bodies 152
c. Water Surfaces 152
6.4. Remaining Terms 153
a. Energy Advection 153
b. Rate of Change of Energy Stored in the Layer 153
CHAPTER 7. ADVECTION EFFECTS NEAR CHANGES IN SURFACE
CONDITIONS 154
7.1. The Internal Boundary Layer 154
a. Equations for the Mean Field 155
b. Methods of Closure for Disturbed Boundary Layers : A Brief Survey 157
c. Some General Features of Local Momentum Advection. Fetch
Requirement ^4
Tabfe of Contents vii
7.2. Evaporation with Local Advection 167
a. Analytical Solutions with Power Laws 168
b. Numerical Studies 183
CHAPTER 8. METHODS BASED ON TURBULENCE MEASUREMENTS 190
8.1. Direct or Eddy-Correlation Method 190
a. Instruments 190
b. Requirements on Instrumentation 191
8.2, The Dissipation Method 193
a. The Direct Variance Dissipation Method 194
b. The Inertial Dissipation (or Spectral Density) Method 194
CHAPTER 9. METHODS BASED ON MEASUREMENTS OF MEAN
PROFILES 197
9.1. Mean Profile Method With Similarity Formulations 197
a. Measurements in the Surface Sublayer 197
b. Measurements in the Dynamic Sublayer 200
c. Upper-Air Measurements: The ABL Profile Method 200
9.2. Bulk Transfer Approach 201
a. Over a Uniform Surface 202
b. Evaporation From Lakes 203
9.3. Sampling Times 207
CHAPTER 10. ENERGY BUDGET AND RELATED METHODS 209
10.1. Standard Application 210
a. With Bowen Ratio (EBBR) 210
b. With Profiles of Mean Wind and of One Scalar (EBWSP) 212
10.2. Simplified Methods for Wet Surfaces 214
a. Some Comments on Potential Evaporation 214
b. The EBWSP Method With Measurements at One Level 215
c. Advection-Free Evaporation from Wet Surfaces 218
10.3. Simplified Methods for Actual Evapotranspiration 223
a. Adjustment of Penman s Approach With Bulk Stomatal Resistance 223
b. Complementary Relationships between Actual and Potential
Evaporation 224
c. Extensions of Equilibrium Evaporation Concept 228
CHAPTER 11. MASS BUDGET METHODS 231
11.1. Terrestrial Water Budget 231
a. Soil Water Depletion and Seepage 231
b. River Basins and Other Hydrological Catchments 241
c. Lakes and Open-water Reservoirs 247
d. Water Budget-Related Instruments; Evaporimeters 248
11.2. Atmospheric Water Budget 257
a. Concept and Formulation 257
b. Application of the Method 259
viii Table of Contents
HISTORICAL REFERENCES (PRIOR TO 1900) 263
REFERENCES 269
INDEX 293
|
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| id | DE-604.BV000106646 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T15:08:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9027712646 |
| language | English |
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| publisher | Reidel |
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| series | Environmental fluid mechanics. |
| series2 | Environmental fluid mechanics. |
| spelling | Brutsaert, Wilfried Verfasser aut Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications Dordrecht u.a. Reidel 1982 X, 299 S., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Environmental fluid mechanics. 1. Atmosfeer gtt Atmosphère Meteorologie gtt Verdamping gtt Évaporation (Météorologie) Atmosphere Evaporation (Meteorology) Ocean-atmosphere interaction Verdunstung (DE-588)4187636-2 gnd rswk-swf Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd rswk-swf Verdunstung (DE-588)4187636-2 s Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 s DE-604 Environmental fluid mechanics. 1. (DE-604)BV000019636 1 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000055519&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Brutsaert, Wilfried Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications Environmental fluid mechanics. Atmosfeer gtt Atmosphère Meteorologie gtt Verdamping gtt Évaporation (Météorologie) Atmosphere Evaporation (Meteorology) Ocean-atmosphere interaction Verdunstung (DE-588)4187636-2 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4187636-2 (DE-588)4003397-1 |
| title | Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications |
| title_auth | Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications |
| title_exact_search | Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications |
| title_full | Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications |
| title_fullStr | Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaporation into the atmosphere theory, history, and applications |
| title_short | Evaporation into the atmosphere |
| title_sort | evaporation into the atmosphere theory history and applications |
| title_sub | theory, history, and applications |
| topic | Atmosfeer gtt Atmosphère Meteorologie gtt Verdamping gtt Évaporation (Météorologie) Atmosphere Evaporation (Meteorology) Ocean-atmosphere interaction Verdunstung (DE-588)4187636-2 gnd Atmosphäre (DE-588)4003397-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Atmosfeer Atmosphère Meteorologie Verdamping Évaporation (Météorologie) Atmosphere Evaporation (Meteorology) Ocean-atmosphere interaction Verdunstung Atmosphäre |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000055519&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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