Biodegradation of pesticides:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Plenum Pr.
1982
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 312 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0306408570 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biodegradation of pesticides |c ed. by Fumio Matsumura ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Plenum Pr. |c 1982 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 312 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Pesticides - Biodégradation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biodegradation, Environmental | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Environmental Health | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pesticides | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pesticides |x Biodegradation | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents
PART I • BIODEGRADA TION OF PESTICIDES: PRINCIPLES
AND MECHANISMS
Chapter 1
Degradation of Pesticides by Animals
H. Wyman Dorough and Sue K. Ballard
1.1. Introduction ........................................... 3
1.2. Phase I Metabolism..................................... 4
1.2.1. Dehydrohalogenation and Dehalogenation........... 4
1.2.2. Desulfuration.................................. 6
1.2.3. Epoxidation.................................... 6
1.2.4. Hydrolysis..................................... 7
1.2.5. Hydroxylation.................................. 8
1.2.6. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.................... 10
1.2.7. Isomerization.................................. 11
1.2.8. Nitrosation .................................... 12
1.3. Phase II Metabolism .................................... 12
1.3.1. Glycoside Formation............................ 13
1.3.2. Sulfoconjugation................................ 13
1.3.3. Other Conjugation Reactions...................... 15
1.4. Conclusion............................................ 16
References ............................................ 17
m
x Contents
Chapter 2
Pesticide Metabolism in Plants: Reactions and Mechanisms
Richard H. Shimabukuro, Gerald L Lamoureux, and
D. Stuart Frear
2.1. Introduction ........................................... 21
2.2. Pesticide Metabolism in Plants............................ 22
2.2.1. Absorption.................................... 22
2.2.2. Translocation and Distribution .................... 22
2.2.3. Metabolism.................................... 23
2.3. Degradation Reactions of Pesticides in Plants................ 23
2.3.1. Oxidation..................................... 24
2.3.2. Reduction..................................... 36
2.3.3. Hydrolysis..................................... 37
2.3.4. Conjugation ................................... 42
2.3.5. Bound or Insoluble Residues...................... 56
2.4. Conclusion............................................ 57
References............................................ 58
Chapter 3
Degradation of Pesticides in the Environment by Microorganisms
and Sunlight
Fumio Matsumura
3.1. Introduction ........................................... 67
3.2. Characteristics of Microbial Metabolism.................... 68
3.2.1. Enzymatic Degradation.......................... 69
3.2.2. Criteria for Distinguishing One Type of Metabolism
from Another.................................. 70
3.3. Commonly Occurring Metabolic Processes in Microorganisms .. 73
3.3.1. Hydrolytic Processes............................ 73
3.3.2. Reductive Systems.............................. 75
3.3.3. Oxidative Reactions............................. 77
3.4. Other Metabolic Reactions Related to Pesticide Degradation___ 79
3.4.1. Dehydrochlorination............................. 79
3.4.2. Isomerization .................................. 79
3.4.3. Synthetic Metabolism............................ 80
3.4.4. Polymerization................................. 80
3.5. Degradation by Sunlight and Other Physical Factors........... 81
3.5.1. Hydrolysis: Nucleophilic Reaction................. 82
3.5.2. Dehalogenation................................. 83
Contents xi
3.5.3. Oxidation..................................... 83
3.5.4. Isomerization and Polymerization.................. 84
3.6. Conclusion............................................ 84
References............................................ 85
PART II • APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF
BIODEGRADA T/ON OF PESTICIDES
Chapter 4
Microbial Degradation of Pesticides in Tropical Soils
N. Sethunathan, T. K. Adhya, and K. Raghu
4.1. Introduction ........................................... 91
4.2. Residues in Soil........................................ 92
4.3. Microbial Degradation................................... 93
4.3.1. Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides............... 94
4.3.2. Organophosphorus Insecticides.................... 97
4.3.3. Carbamate Insecticides...........................101
4.3.4. Fungicides.....................................102
4.4. Factors Influencing Persistence of Pesticides................. 103
4.4.1. SoilMoisture..................................103
4.4.2. Organic Matter.................................105
4.4.3. Redox Conditions...............................105
4.4.4. Soil Acidity ...................................106
4.4.5. Soil Temperature...............................106
4.4.6. Sorption-Desorption.............................107
4.4.7. Mineral Constituents............................107
4.4.8. Pesticide Combinations..........................109
4.5. Conclusion............................................110
References........................................... Ill
Chapter 5
Persistence and Biodegradation of Herbicides
Floyd M. Ashton
5.1. Introduction ...........................................117
5.2. Persistence ............................................12°
xii Contents
5.3. Degradation ...........................................123
5.3.1. Biodegradation.................................124
5.3.2. Nonbiodegradation..............................126
5.4. Man s Activities........................................126
5.5. Conclusion............................................128
References........................................... 129
Chapter 6
Biodegradation of Agricultural Fungicides
Hugh D. Sister
6.1. Introduction ...........................................133
6.2. Toxicity of Fungicides to Nontarget Organisms...............134
6.3. Stability of Fungicides...................................135
6.4. Biodegradation of Selected Fungicides......................136
6.4.1. Triphenyltins...................................136
6.4.2. PCNB (Terraclor, Quintozene)....................137
6.4.3. Dithiocarbamates...............................138
6.4.4. Substituted Phthalimides.........................142
6.4.5. Chloroneb.....................................145
6.4.6. Benzimidazoles.................................146
6.5. Effect of Fungicides on Pesticide Degradation................149
6.6. Summary and Conclusions ...............................150
References............................................151
Chapter 7
Biodegradable Insecticides: Their Application in Forestry
Carl £ Crisp
7.1. Introduction ...........................................157
7.2. Need for Insecticides....................................159
7.3. Use of DDT: 1945-1974.................................161
7.4. Alternatives to DDT and Other Insecticides..................162
7.5. Insecticide Evaluation Research ...........................165
7.6. Testing Protocol........................................167
7.6.1. Laboratory Testing and Evaluation................. 168
7.6.2. Bioassay Studies................................ 174
7.6.3. Individual Tree Evaluations....................... 174
7.6.4. FieldTesting................................... 176
7.7. Systemic Insecticides.................................... 178
Contents xiii
7.8. Trends in Forest Pest Management.........................180
7.9. Conclusions ...........................................181
References............................................ 181
Chapter 8
The Use of Biodegradable Pesticides in Public Health Entomology
Gene R. DeFoliart
8.1. Introduction ...........................................193
8.2. The Nature and Diversity of Arthropod-Bome Disease.........194
8.3. Insecticides: The Recent Past.............................195
8.3.1. Mosquito Control in the United States..............195
8.3.2. Malaria Control................................198
8.4. Integrated Pest and Vector Management ....................200
8.5. Source Reduction.......................................203
8.5.1. Salt Marsh Mosquitoes ..........................204
8.5.2. Aedes vexans ..................................204
8.5.3. Aedes aegypti..................................205
8.5.4. Aedes triseriatus................................205
8.6. Mass-Produced Biocontrol Agents .........................207
8.6.1. Larvivorous Fish ...............................208
8.6.2. Insectan Predators ..............................209
8.6.3. Bacterial Pathogens.............................209
8.6.4. Fungi.........................................210
8.6.5. Protozoa......................................211
8.6.6. Nematodes ....................................212
8.7. Insecticides for Mosquito Control..........................213
8.7.1. Conventional Larvicides .........................213
8.7.2. Synthetic Pyrethroids............................219
8.7.3. Insect Growth Regulators ........................221
8.8. The Need to Apply Existing Knowledge....................224
References........................................... 227
Chapter 9
Pesticides for Stored Products
J. R. Plimmer
9.1. Introduction ...........................................239
9.2. Fumigants.............................................241
9.3. Protectants ............................................244
x/v Contents
9.4. Alternative Chemical Control Techniques ...................247
9.4.1. Compounds That Affect Insect Development.........249
9.4.2. Compounds That Affect Insect Behavior............250
9.5. Conclusion............................................252
References............................................253
Chapter 10
Application of Biodegradable Pesticides in India
C. R. Krishna Murti and T. S. S. Dikshith
10.1. Introduction ...........................................257
10.2. The Pesticide Industry in India............................261
10.2.1. Consumption of Pesticides in India.................264
10.2.2. Development of Process Technology
within the Country......................................264
10.3. Biodegradation of Pesticides by Microorganisms..............267
10.4. Insecticides of Plant Origin...............................268
10.5. Farm Management and Metabolism........................271
10.5.1. Organophosphorus Compounds....................271
10.5.2. Organochlorine Insecticides.......................272
10.5.3. Carbamate Compounds..........................274
10.5.4. Fungicides, Herbicides, and Fumigants.............275
10.6. Postharvest Storage.....................................277
10.7. Bioefficacy and Residue Effects of Pesticides................281
10.8. Pesticides in Forestry....................................283
10.9. Safety Evaluation Studies ................................284
10.9.1. Toxicity to Fish................................284
10.9.2. Toxicity to Wildlife.............................286
10.9.3. Toxicity to Animals.............................287
10.9.4. Toxicity to Man................................291
10.10. Future Perspectives .....................................293
References............................................294
Index........................................................307
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| language | English |
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| physical | XIV, 312 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Biodegradation of pesticides ed. by Fumio Matsumura ... New York u.a. Plenum Pr. 1982 XIV, 312 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pesticides - Biodégradation Biodegradation, Environmental Environmental Health Pesticides Pesticides Biodegradation Pestizid (DE-588)4137948-2 gnd rswk-swf Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd rswk-swf Pestizid (DE-588)4137948-2 s Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 s DE-604 Matsumura, Fumio Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000008949&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Biodegradation of pesticides Pesticides - Biodégradation Biodegradation, Environmental Environmental Health Pesticides Pesticides Biodegradation Pestizid (DE-588)4137948-2 gnd Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4137948-2 (DE-588)4145625-7 |
| title | Biodegradation of pesticides |
| title_auth | Biodegradation of pesticides |
| title_exact_search | Biodegradation of pesticides |
| title_full | Biodegradation of pesticides ed. by Fumio Matsumura ... |
| title_fullStr | Biodegradation of pesticides ed. by Fumio Matsumura ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biodegradation of pesticides ed. by Fumio Matsumura ... |
| title_short | Biodegradation of pesticides |
| title_sort | biodegradation of pesticides |
| topic | Pesticides - Biodégradation Biodegradation, Environmental Environmental Health Pesticides Pesticides Biodegradation Pestizid (DE-588)4137948-2 gnd Biologischer Abbau (DE-588)4145625-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pesticides - Biodégradation Biodegradation, Environmental Environmental Health Pesticides Pesticides Biodegradation Pestizid Biologischer Abbau |
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