The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa.:
Since 1963, when the African integration project was born, regional Economic Communities (RECs) have been an indispensable part of the continent's deeper socioeconomic and political integration. More than half a century later, such regional institutions continue to evolve, keeping pace with an...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | , |
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York, NY ; Cape Town, South Africa :
African Minds,
2016.
Published by African Minds on behalf of Open Society Foundations, [2016] |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | DE-862 DE-863 |
| Summary: | Since 1963, when the African integration project was born, regional Economic Communities (RECs) have been an indispensable part of the continent's deeper socioeconomic and political integration. More than half a century later, such regional institutions continue to evolve, keeping pace with an Africa that is transforming itself amid challenges and opportunities. RECs represent a huge potential to be the engines that drive the continent's economic growth and development as well as being vehicles through which a sense of a continental community is fostered. It is critical therefore that citizens understand the multi-faceted and bureaucratic operations of regional institutions in order to use them to advance their collective interests. |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| ISBN: | 192833119X 9781928331193 |
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| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| 260 | |b African Minds, |c 2016. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY ; |a Cape Town, South Africa : |b Published by African Minds on behalf of Open Society Foundations, |c [2016] | |
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| 520 | |a Since 1963, when the African integration project was born, regional Economic Communities (RECs) have been an indispensable part of the continent's deeper socioeconomic and political integration. More than half a century later, such regional institutions continue to evolve, keeping pace with an Africa that is transforming itself amid challenges and opportunities. RECs represent a huge potential to be the engines that drive the continent's economic growth and development as well as being vehicles through which a sense of a continental community is fostered. It is critical therefore that citizens understand the multi-faceted and bureaucratic operations of regional institutions in order to use them to advance their collective interests. | ||
| 504 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index. | ||
| 505 | 0 | |a Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Acknowledgements; Background; 1. Executive summary; 1.1 Regional Economic Communities; 1.2 Historical background and legal framework; 1.3 Organs and institutions; 1.4 Decision-making processes; 1.5 Budgets and financing; 1.6 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 1.7 Engagement with civil society; 1.8 Current debates within the RECs; 2. The East African Community; Abbreviations and acronyms; 2.1 Historical background and legal framework; 2.1.1 A brief history of the EAC; 2.1.2 Legal framework of the EAC. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.1.3 Policy priorities in the EAC2.2 EAC organs and institutions; 2.2.1 The composition and legal basis of key organs; 2.2.2 The Summit; 2.2.3 The Council of Ministers; 2.2.4 The Coordination Committee; 2.2.5 Sectoral committees; 2.2.6 The East African Court of Justice; 2.2.7 The Secretariat; 2.2.8 The East African Legislative Assembly; 2.2.9 Specialised institutions of the EAC; 2.3 Decision-making at the EAC; 2.3.1 General basis for decision-making; 2.3.2 Decision-making in practice; 2.3.3 Decision-making by the Summit; 2.3.4 Decision-making by the Council of Ministers. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.3.5 The Calendar of Activities2.3.6 Opportunities for engagement; 2.4 Budgets and financing of EAC activities; 2.4.1 General information on budgets and budgeting; 2.4.2 The budgeting cycle; 2.4.3 Points of influence; 2.5 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 2.5.1 Cross-membership of RECs; 2.5.2 EAC partner states' role in IGAD; 2.6 Communication; 2.7 Civil society in the EAC; 2.7.1 Recognition of civil society in the EAC; 2.7.2 Observer status at the EAC; 2.7.3 Memoranda of understanding; 2.7.4 The EAC CSO mobilisation strategy; 2.7.5 The Consultative Dialogue Framework. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.8 Current debates in the EAC2.8.1 The emerging peace and security architecture in the EAC; 2.8.2 The emerging two-speed integration process; 2.8.3 Tanzania's "defensiveness" in engaging with the EAC; 2.8.4 The COMESA-EAC-SADC tripartite engagement; 2.8.5 Expanding the membership of the EAC; 2.8.6 Rising poverty levels within a situation of deepening integration; 2.8.7 Challenges in implementation of the Customs Union; 2.8.8 Challenges in implementation of the Common Market; 2.8.9 Funding for the EAC and the issue of self-reliance; Bibliography and resources. | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3. The Economic Community of West African StatesAbbreviations and acronyms; 3.1 Historical background and legal framework; 3.1.1 Historical background of ECOWAS; 3.1.2 Institutional reform in the ECOWAS framework; 3.1.3 The ECOWAS legal framework; 3.2 Organs and institutions of ECOWAS; 3.2.1 The ECOWAS Authority; 3.2.2 The Council of Ministers; 3.2.3 The ECOWAS Parliament; 3.2.4 The ECOWAS Commission; 3.2.5 The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice; 3.2.6 The ECOWAS Conflict Management Protocol; 3.2.7 Permanent Representatives; 3.2.8 ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development. | |
| 610 | 2 | 0 | |a East African Community. |
| 610 | 2 | 0 | |a Economic Community of West African States. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80060817 |
| 610 | 2 | 0 | |a Southern African Development Community. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89200076 |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a East African Community |2 fast |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Economic Community of West African States |2 fast |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Southern African Development Community |2 fast |
| 650 | 0 | |a Regionalism |z Africa. | |
| 651 | 0 | |a Africa |x Economic integration. | |
| 651 | 0 | |a Africa |x Economic conditions. |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85001548 | |
| 650 | 6 | |a Régionalisme |z Afrique. | |
| 651 | 6 | |a Afrique |x Intégration économique. | |
| 651 | 6 | |a Afrique |x Conditions économiques. | |
| 650 | 7 | |a "Museum, historic sites, gallery & art guides." |2 bicssc | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Chitiga, Rudi, |e author. | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ebobrah, Solomon, |e author. |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjD7wkVkqvbmq9RBhpxygq |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2010083073 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zaidi, Ali, |e editor. |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMHfrJqqgkqCFJVpx9jyd |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2009180621 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mössmer, Marthina, |e editor. |1 https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjxkr9RqY93THxR8PvmtGb |0 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n99256185 | |
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| author | Odhiambo, Morris Chitiga, Rudi Ebobrah, Solomon |
| author2 | Zaidi, Ali Mössmer, Marthina |
| author2_role | edt edt |
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| author_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2005202118 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2010083073 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2009180621 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n99256185 |
| author_facet | Odhiambo, Morris Chitiga, Rudi Ebobrah, Solomon Zaidi, Ali Mössmer, Marthina |
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| callnumber-raw | HC800 .C568 2016 |
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| callnumber-subject | HC - Economic History and Conditions |
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| contents | Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Acknowledgements; Background; 1. Executive summary; 1.1 Regional Economic Communities; 1.2 Historical background and legal framework; 1.3 Organs and institutions; 1.4 Decision-making processes; 1.5 Budgets and financing; 1.6 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 1.7 Engagement with civil society; 1.8 Current debates within the RECs; 2. The East African Community; Abbreviations and acronyms; 2.1 Historical background and legal framework; 2.1.1 A brief history of the EAC; 2.1.2 Legal framework of the EAC. 2.1.3 Policy priorities in the EAC2.2 EAC organs and institutions; 2.2.1 The composition and legal basis of key organs; 2.2.2 The Summit; 2.2.3 The Council of Ministers; 2.2.4 The Coordination Committee; 2.2.5 Sectoral committees; 2.2.6 The East African Court of Justice; 2.2.7 The Secretariat; 2.2.8 The East African Legislative Assembly; 2.2.9 Specialised institutions of the EAC; 2.3 Decision-making at the EAC; 2.3.1 General basis for decision-making; 2.3.2 Decision-making in practice; 2.3.3 Decision-making by the Summit; 2.3.4 Decision-making by the Council of Ministers. 2.3.5 The Calendar of Activities2.3.6 Opportunities for engagement; 2.4 Budgets and financing of EAC activities; 2.4.1 General information on budgets and budgeting; 2.4.2 The budgeting cycle; 2.4.3 Points of influence; 2.5 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 2.5.1 Cross-membership of RECs; 2.5.2 EAC partner states' role in IGAD; 2.6 Communication; 2.7 Civil society in the EAC; 2.7.1 Recognition of civil society in the EAC; 2.7.2 Observer status at the EAC; 2.7.3 Memoranda of understanding; 2.7.4 The EAC CSO mobilisation strategy; 2.7.5 The Consultative Dialogue Framework. 2.8 Current debates in the EAC2.8.1 The emerging peace and security architecture in the EAC; 2.8.2 The emerging two-speed integration process; 2.8.3 Tanzania's "defensiveness" in engaging with the EAC; 2.8.4 The COMESA-EAC-SADC tripartite engagement; 2.8.5 Expanding the membership of the EAC; 2.8.6 Rising poverty levels within a situation of deepening integration; 2.8.7 Challenges in implementation of the Customs Union; 2.8.8 Challenges in implementation of the Common Market; 2.8.9 Funding for the EAC and the issue of self-reliance; Bibliography and resources. 3. The Economic Community of West African StatesAbbreviations and acronyms; 3.1 Historical background and legal framework; 3.1.1 Historical background of ECOWAS; 3.1.2 Institutional reform in the ECOWAS framework; 3.1.3 The ECOWAS legal framework; 3.2 Organs and institutions of ECOWAS; 3.2.1 The ECOWAS Authority; 3.2.2 The Council of Ministers; 3.2.3 The ECOWAS Parliament; 3.2.4 The ECOWAS Commission; 3.2.5 The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice; 3.2.6 The ECOWAS Conflict Management Protocol; 3.2.7 Permanent Representatives; 3.2.8 ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)946704581 |
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| dewey-search | U337.1 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MAIN</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Odhiambo, Morris,</subfield><subfield code="e">author.</subfield><subfield code="1">https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjtkkD3Kpk9w78QTYvppT3</subfield><subfield code="0">http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2005202118</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">African Minds,</subfield><subfield code="c">2016.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York, NY ;</subfield><subfield code="a">Cape Town, South Africa :</subfield><subfield code="b">Published by African Minds on behalf of Open Society Foundations,</subfield><subfield code="c">[2016]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield 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More than half a century later, such regional institutions continue to evolve, keeping pace with an Africa that is transforming itself amid challenges and opportunities. RECs represent a huge potential to be the engines that drive the continent's economic growth and development as well as being vehicles through which a sense of a continental community is fostered. It is critical therefore that citizens understand the multi-faceted and bureaucratic operations of regional institutions in order to use them to advance their collective interests.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Acknowledgements; Background; 1. 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| geographic | Africa Economic integration. Africa Economic conditions. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85001548 Afrique Intégration économique. Afrique Conditions économiques. |
| geographic_facet | Africa Economic integration. Africa Economic conditions. Afrique Intégration économique. Afrique Conditions économiques. |
| id | ZDB-4-EBA-ocn946704581 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-04-11T08:43:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 192833119X 9781928331193 |
| language | English |
| oclc_num | 946704581 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | MAIN DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| owner_facet | MAIN DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-863 DE-BY-FWS |
| physical | 1 online resource |
| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA FWS_PDA_EBA ZDB-4-EBA |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | African Minds, Published by African Minds on behalf of Open Society Foundations, |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Odhiambo, Morris, author. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjtkkD3Kpk9w78QTYvppT3 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2005202118 The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. African Minds, 2016. New York, NY ; Cape Town, South Africa : Published by African Minds on behalf of Open Society Foundations, [2016] ©2016 1 online resource text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Print version record. Since 1963, when the African integration project was born, regional Economic Communities (RECs) have been an indispensable part of the continent's deeper socioeconomic and political integration. More than half a century later, such regional institutions continue to evolve, keeping pace with an Africa that is transforming itself amid challenges and opportunities. RECs represent a huge potential to be the engines that drive the continent's economic growth and development as well as being vehicles through which a sense of a continental community is fostered. It is critical therefore that citizens understand the multi-faceted and bureaucratic operations of regional institutions in order to use them to advance their collective interests. Includes bibliographical references and index. Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Acknowledgements; Background; 1. Executive summary; 1.1 Regional Economic Communities; 1.2 Historical background and legal framework; 1.3 Organs and institutions; 1.4 Decision-making processes; 1.5 Budgets and financing; 1.6 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 1.7 Engagement with civil society; 1.8 Current debates within the RECs; 2. The East African Community; Abbreviations and acronyms; 2.1 Historical background and legal framework; 2.1.1 A brief history of the EAC; 2.1.2 Legal framework of the EAC. 2.1.3 Policy priorities in the EAC2.2 EAC organs and institutions; 2.2.1 The composition and legal basis of key organs; 2.2.2 The Summit; 2.2.3 The Council of Ministers; 2.2.4 The Coordination Committee; 2.2.5 Sectoral committees; 2.2.6 The East African Court of Justice; 2.2.7 The Secretariat; 2.2.8 The East African Legislative Assembly; 2.2.9 Specialised institutions of the EAC; 2.3 Decision-making at the EAC; 2.3.1 General basis for decision-making; 2.3.2 Decision-making in practice; 2.3.3 Decision-making by the Summit; 2.3.4 Decision-making by the Council of Ministers. 2.3.5 The Calendar of Activities2.3.6 Opportunities for engagement; 2.4 Budgets and financing of EAC activities; 2.4.1 General information on budgets and budgeting; 2.4.2 The budgeting cycle; 2.4.3 Points of influence; 2.5 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 2.5.1 Cross-membership of RECs; 2.5.2 EAC partner states' role in IGAD; 2.6 Communication; 2.7 Civil society in the EAC; 2.7.1 Recognition of civil society in the EAC; 2.7.2 Observer status at the EAC; 2.7.3 Memoranda of understanding; 2.7.4 The EAC CSO mobilisation strategy; 2.7.5 The Consultative Dialogue Framework. 2.8 Current debates in the EAC2.8.1 The emerging peace and security architecture in the EAC; 2.8.2 The emerging two-speed integration process; 2.8.3 Tanzania's "defensiveness" in engaging with the EAC; 2.8.4 The COMESA-EAC-SADC tripartite engagement; 2.8.5 Expanding the membership of the EAC; 2.8.6 Rising poverty levels within a situation of deepening integration; 2.8.7 Challenges in implementation of the Customs Union; 2.8.8 Challenges in implementation of the Common Market; 2.8.9 Funding for the EAC and the issue of self-reliance; Bibliography and resources. 3. The Economic Community of West African StatesAbbreviations and acronyms; 3.1 Historical background and legal framework; 3.1.1 Historical background of ECOWAS; 3.1.2 Institutional reform in the ECOWAS framework; 3.1.3 The ECOWAS legal framework; 3.2 Organs and institutions of ECOWAS; 3.2.1 The ECOWAS Authority; 3.2.2 The Council of Ministers; 3.2.3 The ECOWAS Parliament; 3.2.4 The ECOWAS Commission; 3.2.5 The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice; 3.2.6 The ECOWAS Conflict Management Protocol; 3.2.7 Permanent Representatives; 3.2.8 ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development. East African Community. Economic Community of West African States. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80060817 Southern African Development Community. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89200076 East African Community fast Economic Community of West African States fast Southern African Development Community fast Regionalism Africa. Africa Economic integration. Africa Economic conditions. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85001548 Régionalisme Afrique. Afrique Intégration économique. Afrique Conditions économiques. "Museum, historic sites, gallery & art guides." bicssc BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International Economics. bisacsh BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International General. bisacsh Chitiga, Rudi, author. Ebobrah, Solomon, author. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjD7wkVkqvbmq9RBhpxygq http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2010083073 Zaidi, Ali, editor. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjMHfrJqqgkqCFJVpx9jyd http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2009180621 Mössmer, Marthina, editor. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjxkr9RqY93THxR8PvmtGb http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n99256185 |
| spellingShingle | Odhiambo, Morris Chitiga, Rudi Ebobrah, Solomon The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Tables; Figures; Acknowledgements; Background; 1. Executive summary; 1.1 Regional Economic Communities; 1.2 Historical background and legal framework; 1.3 Organs and institutions; 1.4 Decision-making processes; 1.5 Budgets and financing; 1.6 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 1.7 Engagement with civil society; 1.8 Current debates within the RECs; 2. The East African Community; Abbreviations and acronyms; 2.1 Historical background and legal framework; 2.1.1 A brief history of the EAC; 2.1.2 Legal framework of the EAC. 2.1.3 Policy priorities in the EAC2.2 EAC organs and institutions; 2.2.1 The composition and legal basis of key organs; 2.2.2 The Summit; 2.2.3 The Council of Ministers; 2.2.4 The Coordination Committee; 2.2.5 Sectoral committees; 2.2.6 The East African Court of Justice; 2.2.7 The Secretariat; 2.2.8 The East African Legislative Assembly; 2.2.9 Specialised institutions of the EAC; 2.3 Decision-making at the EAC; 2.3.1 General basis for decision-making; 2.3.2 Decision-making in practice; 2.3.3 Decision-making by the Summit; 2.3.4 Decision-making by the Council of Ministers. 2.3.5 The Calendar of Activities2.3.6 Opportunities for engagement; 2.4 Budgets and financing of EAC activities; 2.4.1 General information on budgets and budgeting; 2.4.2 The budgeting cycle; 2.4.3 Points of influence; 2.5 Relationship with the AU and other RECs; 2.5.1 Cross-membership of RECs; 2.5.2 EAC partner states' role in IGAD; 2.6 Communication; 2.7 Civil society in the EAC; 2.7.1 Recognition of civil society in the EAC; 2.7.2 Observer status at the EAC; 2.7.3 Memoranda of understanding; 2.7.4 The EAC CSO mobilisation strategy; 2.7.5 The Consultative Dialogue Framework. 2.8 Current debates in the EAC2.8.1 The emerging peace and security architecture in the EAC; 2.8.2 The emerging two-speed integration process; 2.8.3 Tanzania's "defensiveness" in engaging with the EAC; 2.8.4 The COMESA-EAC-SADC tripartite engagement; 2.8.5 Expanding the membership of the EAC; 2.8.6 Rising poverty levels within a situation of deepening integration; 2.8.7 Challenges in implementation of the Customs Union; 2.8.8 Challenges in implementation of the Common Market; 2.8.9 Funding for the EAC and the issue of self-reliance; Bibliography and resources. 3. The Economic Community of West African StatesAbbreviations and acronyms; 3.1 Historical background and legal framework; 3.1.1 Historical background of ECOWAS; 3.1.2 Institutional reform in the ECOWAS framework; 3.1.3 The ECOWAS legal framework; 3.2 Organs and institutions of ECOWAS; 3.2.1 The ECOWAS Authority; 3.2.2 The Council of Ministers; 3.2.3 The ECOWAS Parliament; 3.2.4 The ECOWAS Commission; 3.2.5 The ECOWAS Community Court of Justice; 3.2.6 The ECOWAS Conflict Management Protocol; 3.2.7 Permanent Representatives; 3.2.8 ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development. East African Community. Economic Community of West African States. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80060817 Southern African Development Community. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89200076 East African Community fast Economic Community of West African States fast Southern African Development Community fast Regionalism Africa. Régionalisme Afrique. "Museum, historic sites, gallery & art guides." bicssc BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International Economics. bisacsh BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International General. bisacsh |
| subject_GND | http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80060817 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89200076 http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85001548 |
| title | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_auth | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_exact_search | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_full | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_fullStr | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_short | The Civil Society Guide to Regional Economic Communities in Africa. |
| title_sort | civil society guide to regional economic communities in africa |
| topic | East African Community. Economic Community of West African States. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80060817 Southern African Development Community. http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89200076 East African Community fast Economic Community of West African States fast Southern African Development Community fast Regionalism Africa. Régionalisme Afrique. "Museum, historic sites, gallery & art guides." bicssc BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International Economics. bisacsh BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International General. bisacsh |
| topic_facet | East African Community. Economic Community of West African States. Southern African Development Community. East African Community Economic Community of West African States Southern African Development Community Regionalism Africa. Africa Economic integration. Africa Economic conditions. Régionalisme Afrique. Afrique Intégration économique. Afrique Conditions économiques. "Museum, historic sites, gallery & art guides." BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International Economics. BUSINESS & ECONOMICS International General. |
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