Intent to destroy: Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine
"Russia's brutal invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shocked the world. And yet, to Ukrainians, this attack was painfully familiar, the latest episode in a centuries-long Russian campaign to divide and oppress Ukraine. In Intent to Destroy, political scientist Eugene Finkel uncovers these...
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Russia's brutal invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shocked the world. And yet, to Ukrainians, this attack was painfully familiar, the latest episode in a centuries-long Russian campaign to divide and oppress Ukraine. In Intent to Destroy, political scientist Eugene Finkel uncovers these deep roots of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Ukraine is a key borderland between Russia and the West, and, following the rise of Russian nationalism in the nineteenth century, dominating Ukraine became the cornerstone of Russian policy. Russia has long used genocidal tactics-killings, deportations, starvation, and cultural destruction-to successfully crush Ukrainian efforts to chart an independent path. As Finkel shows, today's violence is simply a more extreme version of the Kremlin's long-standing policy. But unlike in the past, the people of Ukraine-motivated by the rise of democracy in their nation-have overcome their deep internal divisions. For the first time, they have united in favor of independence from Russia. Whatever the outcome of the present war, Ukraine's staunch resistance has permanently altered its relationship to Russia and the West. Intent to Destroy offers the vital context we need to truly understand Europe's bloodiest conflict since World War II." |
| Beschreibung: | xvii, 316 Seiten Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781399809719 9781399809726 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS xii xvii Maps A Note on Places and Names Introduction Deep States chapter 2. Of Brothers and Empires chapter 3. Liberation from Freedom chapter 4. Blood and Chaos CHAPTER 5. Making a Model Republic chapter 6. Unite and Rule chapter 7. Phantom Pains chapter 8. Ukrainian Winter, Russian Spring chapter 9. To Kill Ukraine chapter io. Russian Roulette Conclusion chapter 1. 1 15 33 53 79 105 133 161 187 211 235 259 275 279 303 Acknowledgments Notes Index xi
Index adoption: forced adoption of Ukrainian children, 231-233 Afghanistan, war in, 251 agriculture history of Kyivan Rus’, 20-21 Soviet collectivization, 105-106,114-117, 123-125 See also Holodomor aid, international: war in the Donbas, 203 air strikes, 219,238, 251,253-254 Aivazovsky, Ivan, 229 Aksenov, Sergey, 193-194 Alexander II (tsar), 30,41,44 Alexei (17th-cent tsar), 24-25 Allison, Graham, 172 Alsace-Lorraine, 54-55 Amelina, Victoria, 235-236,255 American Relief Administration (ARA), 110 Andropov, Yurii, 150 An-sky, S., 65-66,70,73 anti-Semitism Beilis murder trial, 48-49,90 Bolsheviks, 103 the effect of education on, 267-268 Jewish blood libels, 47-48 Russia’s anti-Ukrainian rhetoric in 2023, 222 See also Jewish communities and individuals; pogroms armed forces (Russian and Soviet) bombardment from a distance, 251-252 Food Supply Army, 109 lack of mental preparation for the war, 243-246 lack of military discipline, 249-250 massacres in occupied areas, 242-249 Novorossiya fighters, 201-202 rape and murder by Russian troops, 220, 238-247, 249-251 technological superiority, 217-218 Wall Evidence graffiti project, 247 See also mass murder; plunder and looting; Red Army armed forces (Ukraine), 85-86,95-96,98,200, 206,217-218 assassinations, 79-80, 119,139,143 Association Agreement (Ukraine and EU), 185-186, 188 Austro-Hungarian Empire alliances and goals of World War 1,55 collapse and territorial splintering, 95-96 ethnic and political diversity, 56-60 partition of Poland, 27-28 Russian military victory, 61-62 Russia’s Great War objectives, 60-61 Ukrainophiles migrating
to, 42 See also Galicia; World War I authoritarianism, 137-138, 143, 170, 175, 185,266-267 autocracy Putin’s relations with the West, 177 Ukraine challenging the monarchy, 44-45 Ukraine threatening Russia’s, 3-4,10-11,162, 179-181, 185-186 303
Index autocracy (continued) Ukraine’s pluralism resisting, 169 Ukrainian secret societies, 39 Yanukovych’s administration, 189 autonomy, Ukrainian: post-World War I settlement, 84-85 Azov Battalion, 252-253 Babel, Isaac, 101 Baker, James, 172 Balitsky, Vsevolod, 117-118 Bandera, Stepan, 138-139,141-143,184, 207, 246, 271 Barrasso, John, 203 Basily, Nikolai, 66 beheadings, 241-242 Beilis, Menachem Mendel, 48-49,90 Belarus, 3,45,163-164,170,185-186,217 Belinskii, Vissarion, 37 Belovezha Accords, 164 Beria, Lavrentii, 145 Berkut police unit, 189-191, 196,199 Black Hundreds, 45-46 Black Sea coast, conquest of, 28 Black Sea Fleet, 30,165,173-174,185 Blinken, Antony, 216 blood libels, 47-48 Bobrinsky, Georgii, 66-68,70 Bohdanivka, Ukraine, 238 Boichuk, Mykhailo, 111 Bolsheviks anti-Semitism and xenophobia, 103 Communist revolt in Kyiv, 90-100,102 desire to control Ukraine, 103-104 opposition to the Provisional Government, 84, 86-87 opposition to the war, 82 Ukraine’s failed statehood, 8 White Russians’ goals, 88-89 winning the civil war, 80,107 See also Soviet Union books, destruction and censorship of, 41,229,238 Borodai, Alexander, 196-197 bourgeois nationalism, 121,148-150 Boychenko, Vadym, 252 Brezhnev, Leonid, 30,147-148 Brithwaite, Rodric, 158-159 Brodsky, Joseph, 163 Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 38-39,48-49 Bucha, Ukraine, 233,238-240,242-244,248-250 Budapest Memorandum (1994), 173,262,265 Bukovyna, 7,54-57,61-77,131,135 Bulgakov, Mikhail, 93-95,113-114 Buryak, Oleg, 227-228 Bush, George H.W., 156,171-172 cannibalism, 126 censorship, 41,209-210,231 Cheberyak,
Vera, 48,90 Chechnya, war in, 175,237,256-257 Cherkasov, Sergei, 14,213 Chernobyl Nuclear Plant, 151-153, 155,170 Chicken Kiev speech, 156 Chikhachev, Dmitrii, 66-67 children banned books, 41 cannibalization of, 126 forced Russification, 231-233 imprisonment, 228,240 Jewish blood libels, 47-48 mass murder in Bucha, 239 missile strikes targeting, 254 promulgating the Ukrainian identity, 267-268 Russian media’s fabricated atrocity stories, 201 Russian troops booby-trapping toys and books, 238 torture of Ukrainian detainees, 226 civil war, Russian, 107,188 declaration of Ukrainian autonomy, 85-90 defeat of the anti-Communist Whites, 8-9 fighting for control of Ukraine, 95-96 Russia’s Bolshevik coup, 86-87 Soviets gaining and losing control of Kyiv, 98-101 Ukraine as a factor in, 80 violence and regime change in Ukraine, 94-95 White Army pogroms, 101-103 White terror in Kyiv, 98 See also Bolsheviks; Lenin, Vladimir; Red Army; White anti-Communists Clinton, Bill, 171-173 Clinton, Hillary, 185 Club of Russian Nationalists, 46-48 coal mining, 30 cohesion, national, 269-271 Cold War: Soviet collapse, 149-150 collectivization of agriculture, Soviet, 105-106, 114-117, 123-125 colonialism, 28-29,136-138,198-200 Communist Party collapse of the Soviet Union, 157-158 Jewish representation, 102 304
Index Khrushchev’s ouster, 147 location of political power, 110-111 Southern anti-Communist opposition, 88 Stalins unitary state, 108 Ukraine elections of 1990, 154-155 Communist Party (Ukraine), 112-113,118-119, 154-155 Communist Party of Western Ukraine, 120 Communists and Communist ideals collapse of the Soviet Union, 149-150,156-157 early 20th-century Ukrainization, 111-113 Khrushchevs reforms, 147 post-Soviet identity, 268-269 post-Soviet nationalism, 170-171 Putins rise to power, 10 restoring the Soviet Union, 162-164 Soviet programs in Ukraine, 8, 110-113, 267-268 Stalins unitary state plan, 108 trial oftheSVU, 118-119 Ukraine’s self-determination, 89 See also civil war, Russian; Holodomor; Soviet Union Congress Poland, 36-37 Constantinople, 19,28 Constitutional Democrats (Kadets), 50-51, 84-85, 89, 92-93 Cooper, Merian C., 101 corruption in the DNR and LNR, 204 post-Soviet Ukraine, 176 Russian armed forces, 218 Ukraine’s 2004 election, 178-180 Yanukovych administration, 185 Cossack uprising (17th century), 6,21-25,144 Cossacks creation of, 20-21 Don Cossacks’ independence from Soviet Russia, 88 looting and murder in Austria-Hungary, 63-64 Russia’s war with Sweden, 26-27,153 Russification of Ukrainian literature, 41 universals, 85(fn) coups d’état Bolsheviks, 86 Khrushchev’s ouster, 147 to preserve the Soviet Union, 156-157 Ukraine’s 1914 change of power, 191 COVID-19 pandemic, 12, 35, 213-215 Crimea annexation as precursor to the war in Ukraine, 188 collapse of the Soviet Union, 160 decline of polarization in Ukraine, 205 failure to recover lost territories, 209
imperial Russia’s annexation, 6 mobilizing the nationalists, 197-200 the motive for the conflict, 262 Novorossiya project, 11-12 post-Soviet reunification plans, 164-166, 168 Russian annexation of, 16,191-195,215 Russian colonialism in the 19th century, 29 Russian lies about the war, 266 Soviet expulsion of Crimean Tatars, 134,145-147 targeting civilians, 237 Tatar exodus in the 19th century, 30 Ukrainian response to annexation, 195-196 World War II combat, 145 culture, Ukrainian creating national cohesion in Ukraine, 269-270 destruction as Russian policy, 257 ethnic Ukrainians in Russia, 204 growth and crackdown by the Soviets, 106 imperial claims of Russian history in Ukraine, 37-38 murders of Amelina and Vakulenko, 236 post-Soviet Russian dominance, 175-176 Russian nationalist fervor over suppressing, 49-52 Soviet expulsion ofCrimean Tatars, 145-147 Soviet indigenization program in Ukraine, 110-113 Soviet repression of Ukrainian narratives, 144 Stalin targeting Ukrainian culture and language, 120-122 See also language Declaration of Sovereignty, Ukraine’s, 155-156 dehumanizing the victims of war, 249 democracy creating national cohesion in Ukraine, 270-271, 274 Kadets’ nationalist goal, 50-51 Putin’s transformation of Russia’s, 10,175, 180-181 Ukraine threatening Russia’s autocracy, 3-4 Ukrainian post-Soviet independence, 173-174 305
Index democratic peace, 266 democratic transition, potential for Russia’s and Ukraine’s, 266-267 Denikin, Anton, 88,93,98-100 destruction of Ukraine. See genocide detention of resistance activists, 225-228 dictatorship laws, Ukraine’s, 189 Directory government, 93-103 disappeared individuals, 226-228 diversity, Ukraine’s concerns over Ukrainians outnumbering Russians, 45 Habsburgs governance of the AustroHungarian Empire, 57-58 19th-century migration to Ukraine, 30-31 Russian and Soviet “divide and repress” strategy, 4-5,9,212 17th-century Ukraine, 24 Skoropadsky’s rule diminishing, 92 Soviet repression of language and culture, 106-107 Ukraine’s solidarity and, 204-205 Ukrainian-Jewish cooperation in the ZUNR, 96-97 UNR composition, 87 Donbas, 262 civilian casualties, 203-204 collapse of the Soviet Union, 160 Communist support during the civil war, 89-90 destruction of towns and cities, 252-256 failure to recover lost territories, 209 flight of pro-Russian Ukrainians, 205 Great War strategy, 55-56 motive for the conflict, 262 19th-century migration, 30-31 Novorossiya project, 11-12 post-Soviet reunification plans, 164-166 post-Soviet territorial distribution, 169 Russian annexation of Crimea, 195-196 Russian lies about the war, 266 Russian preparation for war, 244 siege and destruction of Mariupol, 252-256 targeting civilians, 237 2022 campaign to liberate, 225 war and annexation, 197-203, 217,223-224 Yanukovych’s alignment, 177 Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR), 197-199,203, 216,224,252-253 Dontsov, Dmytro, 137-138 Dudykevych, Volodymyr, 68 Dugin, Alexander, 16, 166-167,198,
214,230 Dziuba, Ivan, 148, 169-170 economic growth, Ukraine, 183,209 education and academia the effect on anti-Semitic attitudes, 267-268 forced reeducation of Ukrainian children, 232 Habsburgs’ governance of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 57-58 imperial Russification, 51,53-54,71 Soviet indigenization program in Ukraine, 111-113 Soviet Russification, 120-122 Soviet Ukrainization, 120-121 von Eichhorn, Hermann, 92 elections collapse of the Soviet Union, 159 election fraud in 2004,176-180 Galicia’s pre-war electorate, 58 1990 republican parliament elections, 154 Poroshenko’s victory and political reforms, 206-208 Russian involvement in the US elections, 201 the Soviet collapse, 157-158 threatening Putin’s authoritarian rule, 162 threatening Russian regime stability, 44-45, 265 Ukraine’s disarmament, 173 Yanukovych’s triumph, 184-185 Zelensky’s triumph over Poroshenko, 208 Ems Ukase, 41-42, 58 espionage Cherkasov’s ICC infiltration attempt, 14,212-213 military troops’ paranoia over Ukraine, 248-249 Russian fears of Galician activists, 74-76 Russians in the Ukrainian armed forces, 217-218 ethnic cleansing: UPA targeting Poles, 141 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), 185-186 Euromaidan, 11,188-189,191-192,194,246, 252,272 EuropeanUnion (EU), 182,185-186, 259, 272-273 Evlogii (Archbishop), 71-73 famine. See Holodomor federal system, 110-111,175 Fedorov, Ivan, 227 Ferreira, Victor Muller, 14,212-213 fiction, Ukraine as. See legitimacy, Ukrainian Filatyev, Pavel, 245 filtration camps, 225-227 306
Index Finkel, Lev, 133-134 “five ears of grain law,” 124 Fomina, Ekaterina, 240 food ban, 195 food shortages the birth of independent Russia, 162 collapse of the Soviet Union, 153-154 driving Soviet control over Ukraine, 108-110 Russian occupation of Galicia, 73-74 Russian Revolution, 81-82,108 Soviet collectivization of agriculture, 105-106, 114-117, 123-125 See also Holodomor Food Supply Army, 109 food supply dictatorship, 108-109 forced disappearances, 226-228 The Foundations of Geopolitics (Dugin), 167 France, 54-55,93,203 Frolkin, Daniil, 239-240 Gabidullin, Marat, 202 Galicia anti-Semitic policies, 67-68 apportioning to Austria, 28 Austro-Hungarian and Russian conflict, 59, 61-62 combining xenophobia and Russian nationalism, 54 development of Ukrainian identity, 7 importance to the Habsburg empire, 56-57 liberals’ “peace without annexations,” 82 nationalism, 158 Polish conquest, 18-19 Polish-Soviet treaty ending the civil war, 103-104 post-Soviet territorial distribution, 169 property confiscation and plunder, 68-69 Russian claims to lost homelands, 260 Russian pogroms, 63-66 the Russians’ Great Retreat and reconquest, 74-77 Russia’s Great War unification objectives, 61 Russification, 66-77 Second Polish Republic repression of Ukrainians, 137 17th-century Cossack uprising, 22 special general governorship, 66 targeted Russian violence, 61-62 Ukraine’s failed statehood, 8 Ukrainian identity driving Great War objectives, 56 Ukrainian-Jewish cooperation in the ZUNR, 96-97 Ukrainophiles fleeing to, 42 World War I battlefield dynamics, 55-56 Galkina, Liza, 232 genocide, 2
Armenian civilians, 55 cultural destruction and looting, 228-230 defining Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, 13-14 forced Russification of children, 231-232 Holodomor as, 183-184 motivations for, 4 nationalist ideology driving, 198 as punishment for resistance, 12 Putin’s accusations of the West, 217 rank-and-file perpetrators of mass violence, 242-249 reconciliation between Russia and Ukraine, 271-272 Russia’s filtration and detention system, 225-227 Russia’s response to Ukrainian resistance, 220-222 Soviet repression of Ukraine, 106-107 World War I radical policies, 67-68 See also Holocaust; mass murder Georgia, 107,182-183,251 Gerasimov, Valery, 194 Germany: World War 1,54-55,90-93,203 Girkin, Igor “Strelkov,” 197-198,200 Gisel, Innokentiy, 26,35 Golden Horde, 18-20 Golubev, Vladimir, 48 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 149-152, 154-157 Gorlice-Tarnôw offensive, 74-75 GPU (State Political Directorate), 117-120,130 Grabar’, Vladimir, 53-54,66-67 graffiti project, 246-247 Great Retreat (1915), 74-75, 80-81 Great Russia, 6-7, 27, 33-34, 38, 52, 61 Great Terror, Stalin’s, 129-131 Great War. See World War I Greek Catholic Church, 7,12,20,43-44,57, 71-73,144 Grossman, Vasily, 127 GRU (Russian military intelligence), 14,213 guerrilla warfare against the Soviets, 141-143 Habsburg states. See Austro-Hungarian Empire Hague Convention (1899), 62 Hanover, Nathan, 22-24 307
Index the threat of minority nationalisms in the 19th century, 33-35 See also historical unity of Russia and Ukraine identity, Ukrainian claiming Igor Sikorsky, 33-34 creating national cohesion, 269-271 destruction as Russian policy, 257 destruction of Ukraine’s past and future, 231-233 ethnic Ukrainians in Russia, 204 failure of statehood in the civil war, 104 Great War drivers, 56 growth of civic national identity, 11-12 as a Habsburg plot, 42-43 the influence of Galicia, 59-60 Kadets’ acceptance of, 50-51 nationalists and monarchists rejecting, 50-51 19th-century diversity of choices, 31-32 rebelling against 19th-century Russification, 7 Shevchenko as symbol of Russian assault, 228-230 shift from ethnic to civic, 206 Soviet control of, 117-118 See also culture, Ukrainian; historical unity of Russia and Ukraine; language imperialism and imperialistic nationalism, 19, 86, 163-164, 261-262 independence, Ukrainian collapse of the Soviet Union, 157 creating national cohesion, 269-270 Fourth Universal, 90 history of, 15-16 perestroika and Soviet system collapse, 134 post-Soviet public opinion, 169 threatening the Russian Empire, 56-57 Ukraine’s united front in 2022,220 Western and Soviet refusal to accept, 157-159 See also statehood, Ukrainian indigenization program in Ukraine, 110-113 International Criminal Court (ICC), 14,213,233 international law: the legality of the war, 53-54 Internet Research Agency, 201 irredentism, 59,260, 263,267, 274 “Israel on the Dnipro,” Ukraine as, 262-263, 265,272 lur’ev, Mikhail, 181-182 historical unity of Russia and Ukraine annexation of
Crimea, 192-194 the birth of independent Russia, 163-164 collapse of the Soviet Union, 149 conflating Little Russian and Russian identities, 42-43 destruction replacing unification, 162 effect on occupying troops, 247-249 imperial claims of Russian history in Ukraine, 37-38 imperial efforts to eradicate alternative identities, 34-35 modern Ukraine’s resistance to, 220 motivating Russian volunteer troops, 187-188 origins of, 25-26 Pereiaslav treaty anniversary, 144-145 post-Soviet reunification plans, 164-166, 168 post-Soviet rise of nationalist fervor, 9-10 the process of creating, 52 Putins narrative, 35,185-187 retaliation for Ukrainian resistance, 236-237 Russian occupation of Galicia and Bukovyna, 74-77 Russia’s Great War policies, 60-61,66-67 the shift to genocide, 212 shifting public opinion through education, 268 shifting Russia’s belief in, 267 Ukraine’s desire for independence from Russia, 259-260 See also Russification Hitler, Adolf, 9 Holocaust, 9,116,133-134,140-141, 184,243,268,273 Holodomor (death by hunger) “divide and repress” strategy, 212 extent of the casualties, 125-127 as genocide, 183-184,270 goals and causes of, 128-129 legacies of, 131 Russification of Mariupol, 230 targeting Ukrainians, 5,9,105-107, 212 Ukrainian call for statehood, 155,159 Holodomor Remembrance Day, 176 Hrushevsky, Mykhailo, 42, 47,57, 79-80,83-84, 87, 112,118,120 identity, Russian and Soviet, 260-262 annexation of Crimea, 191-195 driving the decision to invade, 215-216 Little Russian, 42-43 post-Soviet Russian identity, 268 Jewish communities and individuals blood libels, 47-48
exclusion from Galicia’s food programs, 73-74 exclusion from the Union of the Russian People, 45-46 Galicia’s pre-war demographic, 57 308
Index identity choices affecting religious and secular activities, 34-35 Khmelnytsky statue symbolism, 43-44 looting and pogroms by Russian troops in Austria, 63-66 oppression and expulsion as policy, 5 OUN ideology, 138 Russia’s 2023 anti-Ukrainian rhetoric, 222 17th-century Cossack uprising, 22-24 Soviet invasion of Ukraine in 1939, 135-136 Stalins Great Terror, 130-131 Ukraine’s diversity, 150 Ukraine’s failed statehood, 8 World War I policies of violence and confiscation, 66-69 World War II reduction of Ukraine’s diversity, 9 xenophobia in Soviet troops, 103 ZUNR stance, 96-97 See also anti-Semitism; pogroms Jones, Gareth, 127 Kadets (Constitutional Democrats), 50-51, 84-85,89, 92-93 Kadyrov, Ramzan, 253-254 Kaganovich, Lazar, 123-125 Kalynovych, Victoria, 105-106, 116 Khanate, Crimean, 22,24,28 Kharkiv, Ukraine, 89-91, 110,118-119,122, 217, 225, 229, 251 Kherson, Ukraine, 28,217,224-227, 229,232-233 khlopomany (admirers of peasants), 39-40 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 15-16, 21, 24-25, 43-44, 122-123,144-145 Khmelnytsky Regiment (Ukraine), 85-86 Khomiakov, Aleksei, 37 Khrushchev, Nikita, 30, 130, 144, 147 Khvylovy, Mykola, 111, 121 kill lists, 219,226, 242-243 Konovalets, Yevhen, 137-139 Kopelev, Lev, 126 korenizatsiia (indigenization) program, 110-113 Kostomarov, Mykola, 38-39,48-49 Kovalchuk, Yurii, 214 Kramatorsk, Ukraine, 255 Krasovsky, Anton, 221-222 Kravchuk, Leonid, 154-158,172-173 Kravtsov, legor, 254 Kuchma, Leonid, 173, 176,178 Kuindzhi, Arkhip, 229 Kulish, Panteleimon, 38-39 kurkuT (wealthy peasant), 116 Kyiv, Ukraine the 2022 attack on, 218 abdication of Nicholas
II, 83 autonomy and separation from Russia, 83-87 blood libel, 47-48 Bulgakov’s The White Guard, 93-94 imperial-era Russian nationalist identity, 43-47, 49-50, 52-53 invasion and resistance in 2022, 219-220 Khmelnytsky monument, 43-44 Muscovy’s expansion of Kyivan Rus’, 20-28 origins of, 17-19 post-imperial independence, 89-93 Putin’s narrative, 35 relocating the capital, 122-123 Russian civil war, 94-95,98-101,104 Russian troops retaliation against civilians, 246 Russia’s national identity, 36-39 Sikorsky family, 33-34 See also Holodomor Kyivan Rus’ lands imperial Russian nationalist identity, 54-55 Jews in, 22 origins and history of, 15-18 origins of Russia and Ukraine, 3-6,9 Putin’s narrative on Russian-Ukrainian relations, 35 the rise of Muscovy, 19-20 Russian suppression of a Ukrainian identity, 52-53 Russification of Ukrainian textbooks, 231 Stalin’s attempts to unite, 135-136 See also Galicia; historical unity of Russia and Ukraine; legitimacy, Ukrainian; Moscow (principality) language building the UNR, 87-88 creating national cohesion in Ukraine, 269-270 identity elimination in Galicia and Bukovyna, 69-70 19th-century Russification, 7,31 “nonexistence” of the Ukrainian language, 93 relaxing imperial restrictions on publishing, 44-45 Russian occupation of Austria-Hungary, 62 Russian violence during the Great War, 61 Russification through the Valuev Circular, 41 Second Polish Republic repression of Ukrainians, 137 309
Index language (continued) Soviet accommodation of Ukraine, 144 Soviet indigenization program in Ukraine, 110-113 Stalin targeting Ukrainian culture and language, 120-122 Ukraine under Habsburg governance, 57-58 Ukrainian growth and crackdown by the Soviets, 106 Ukrainian identity driving Great War objectives, 56 Ukrainian-language gospel, 40-41 UNR ethnic diversity, 87 See also culture; Russification legitimacy, Ukrainian establishing a Ukrainian identity, 169-170 Kadets denying self-governance, 92-93 nationalists and the fiction of Ukrainian ethnicity, 46-47 onset of the war on Ukraine, 11-12 Orange Revolution justifying Putin’s expansion, 181 origins and history of Kyiv, 17 post-Soviet preservation of, 176 Putin discounting, 182-183 Sikorsky family opinion, 33-34 See also historical unity of Russia and Ukraine Lemkin, Raphael, 2 Lenin, Vladimir, 8,84,86,89-91,107-110 libraries, destruction of, 229 Limonov, Eduard, 166,198 Lithuania, 153,264 Cossacks, 25 NATO membership, 264 OUN contact, 138 Polish and Soviet conflict, 100 Polish uprisings, 36,40 Rus' kingdom conquest and expansion, 17-18,20 Russian nationalism as state policy, 39-40 Soviet collapse, 153-154 Little Russia, 6-7,27, 33-36, 38,40-43,169-170. See also Kyiv, Ukraine looting. See plunder and looting Luhansk People's Republic (LNR), 198, 203,216,224 Lukin, Vladimir, 167-168,190 Lvova-Belova, Maria, 231-233 Lysyvets, Anastasiia, 125-126 Maidan, 179,188-191. See also Euromaidan Malasia Airlines flight MH17,203-204 310 Mangushev, Igor, 242 Margolin, Arnold, 49,87-88,99,171 Mariupol, siege of,
217,229-232,251-254,257 Marunyak, Viktor, 227 mass murder, 2 by forces retreating from Ukraine, 220 massacres by Russian troops, 238-239, 242-249,251 occupation of Bucha, 238-240 reconciliation between Russia and Ukraine, 271-272 root causes, 4 See also genocide Mazepa, Ivan, 26-27 Mearsheimer, John, 170-171 media coup' to preserve the Soviet Union, 156-157 dramatizing Novorossiya resistance, 200-201 Kievlianin daily paper, 43 post-World War I Ukrainian autonomy, 85 preservation of the Soviet Union, 158 Zelensky closing Medvedchuks TV channels, 213 Russia’s calls for genocide, 221-222 Russification in Galicia, 70 supporting Russian nationalist factions, 198 trial oftheSVU, 118-119 Ukraine’s 2004 election fraud, 179-180 Zelensky’s censorship allegations, 209-210 Zelensky closing Medvedchuk’s TV channels, 213 See also propaganda Medvedchuk, Viktor, 209-210,213-214 Medvedev, Dmitry, 174,182-185,222,224-225 Melitopol, Ukraine, 205,227 Menshikov, Mikhail, 56 mercenary forces, 201-202,223-224,242 Mezhevyi, Yevhen, 232 Miasoedov, Sergei, 75 Milyukov, Pavel, 51-52,77,82,92-93 minority nationalisms, 33-34 Minsk Protocols (2014,2015), 202-203,208-209 missile attacks, 251-252,255 Mizintsev, Mikhail, 257 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 123-124 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939), 135,153-154 Mongols, 18, 35 Moscow (principality), 6, 18-20, 24-26, 35 Moskalenko, Lucy, 249 murder Cossack uprising, 22-23 looting and violence in Austria-Hungary, 62-64
Index murders of Amelina and Vakulenko, 235-236 political assassinations, 79-80, 119,139,143 ritual murder, 34-35,48-49,201 as Russian policy towards Ukraine, 257 trial of the SVU, 119 See also genocide; mass murder museums, looting and destruction of, 229 Muslim Crimean Khanate, 20-21 narodnost (nationality), 38 National Autonomy Law (1918), 87,92 National Bolsheviks (Natsboly) party, 164,166 national Communists (Ukraine), 112,121, 155 nationalism, Russian and Soviet, 153-154 annexation of Crimea, 191-195 annexation of the Donbas, 196-197 Beilis murder trial, 48-49 changing attitudes of nationalists, 260-261 countries leaving the Soviet Union, 157-158 defining Russia through religion, autocracy, and narodnost, 38 depiction of Mongol rule, 19 early 20th-century extremist groups, 45-49 genocide as response to Ukrainian resistance in 2022,220-223 Lenin’s proposed Soviet Union, 108 motives for destroying Ukraine, 162 Novorossiya project, 204 opposition to the Shevchenko monument, 49-50 post-Soviet recovery of Crimea, 166 post-Soviet rise of, 9-10 Putin reviving symbols of, 175 Putins radicalization, 213-215 red-brown coalition, 164-165 as state policy, 39-40 the threat of minority nationalisms in the 19th century, 33-35 war in the Donbas, 197-200 See also Russification nationalism, Ukrainian creation of the SVU, 118-119 failure of civil war-era statehood, 104 the influence of Galicia, 59-60 peasant resistance, 116-117 Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union, 158-159 NATO explaining Russia’s failure to conquer Ukraine, 261 Russia’s neighbors joining, 264 Russia’s potential
membership, 176 NATO, Ukraine’s membership annexation of Crimea, 191-192 Donbas war precluding, 209 failed application, 182-183 neutrality as an alternative to, 262 Poroshenko’s alignment with the West, 207 pros and cons of, 263-265 public support, 259 Putin’s invasion plan, 215 trading territories for, 225 Yanukovych blocking, 185 Navalny, Alexei, 195 Nayem, Mustafa, 188 Nazi Germany, 135,140-141,273. See also Holocaust; World War II Nazi ideology, 166,201-202 neo-imperialism, 10,168 neo-Nazis, 201-202,207,252 New Economic Policy (NEP), 109-110 Nicholas (Grand Duke), 60,66,72-73,81 Nicholas I (tsar), 72-73 Nicholas II (tsar), 44,48,61,81-82 Novorossiya (New Russia) project, 11,28-29, 167,197-204, 252 nuclear weapons, 170-174,263-265 Obama, Barack, 203 Olympic Games (2014 Winter Games), 190 Orange Revolution, 179-182,192,246,272 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), 119-120,136-141,143,176, 207,273 orphans, forced Russification of, 231-232 Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Christians, 6-7, 12,17-28, 37-39, 45-49, 56-57, 71-73,148 Ottoman Empire, 6,19,21,28,55 passportization, forced, 230-231 peace negotiations Brest-Litovsk talks in World War 1, 90-91 Minsk II agreement, 203 Polish-Soviet treaty ending the civil war, 103-104 Poroshenko’s failure, 208-209 Putin’s refusal to negotiate, 11-12,188 peasant resistance, Ukrainian, 39-40,91-92, 116-117 Pereiaslav treaty (1654), 25, 144-145 perestroika (restructuring), 134,151-154 Peter I “the Great,” 26-27,214, 224 Petliura, Symon, 79-80,86,93,99-100,102-103 Petrushevych, Yevhen, 97,100 311
Index Pilsudski, Jôzef, 100 Pinchefsky, Hanna, 115-116 plunder and looting by forces retreating from Ukraine, 220 Imperial Russian troops in Austria-Hungary, 63-66 lack of Russian military discipline leading to, 249-250 in “liberated" Ukrainian territories, 237-238 museums, 229 property confiscation in Galicia, 68-69 Soviet invasion of Ukraine, 135-136 Pogodin, Mikhail, 37 pogroms Imperial Russian troops in Austria-Hungary, 63-66 lack of Russian military discipline leading to, 249-250 Nazi troops, 140 Polish troops in Lviv, 96-97 property confiscation and looting in Galicia, 68-69 Russians blaming the 1905 violence on Ukraine, 44 by the White forces, 101-103 Poland confiscation of Khmelnytsky’s lands, 21-22 conquest of the ZUNR, 97-98 emergence of the Cossacks, 21 Muscovy’s expansion of Kyivan Rus’, 20 OUN targeting Poles, 141 partition, 27-28 Polish-Soviet treaty ending the civil war, 103-104 Rus’conquest, 18-19 Russian claims to lost homelands, 260 Russia’s Great War unification strategy, 60-61 Second Polish Republic repression of Ukrainians, 137 Soviet and German invasion in World War II, 9, 135-136 war on the Red Army, 100-101 Poles in Ukraine Galicia’s pre-war demographic, 57 GPU targeting, 120 the 19th-century Polish uprising, 36-37 opposition to the ZUNR, 96 victims ofStalin’s Great Terror, 129-130 World War I policies of violence and confiscation, 66-67 police violence, 50, 95,189-190 Polish Military Organization, 120 Polish uprisings (1830-1831,1863-1864), 36-37,39-40 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 5-6,15-16, 20-22,24-26 Polish-Soviet War (1919-1921), 80,107
Poltava, Ukraine, 26-27 Ponomarenko, Maria, 254 Poroshenko, Petro, 202-203,206-208 Prigozhin, Yevgeny, 201-202 private military companies (PMCs), 201-202, 223-224, 242 procurement quotas, grain, 8-9,114-115, 121,123-125 propaganda accusing Ukrainians of genocide, 143 anti-Jewish framing of World War 1,64 effect on Russian soldiers, 247-248 hiding the truth of the Holodomor, 127 Novorossiya project, 200-201 portraying the war as “liberation,” 246-247 Russia’s response to Ukrainian resistance in 2022, 221-222 targeting Euromaidan, 191 Ukraine as a fictional entity, 11-12 Ukrainian-Russian integration, 194 Wall Evidence graffiti project, 247 Provisional Government, 80,82,84-86,88-89 Pushkin, Alexander, 26-27 Putin, Vladimir annexation of Crimea, 191-195 autocratic rule, 185 background and rise to power, 174-176 controlling Ukraine’s 2004 elections, 176-180 destruction replacing unification, 162 February invasion, 216-217 global geopolitical goals, 1-2 imperial restoration and conquest, 10 increasing tensions with the US, 177-178 motives for Ukrainian destruction, 212 Orange Revolution, 179-180 radicalization of, 213-215 rewarding violence against civilians, 250 Soviet myths of World War II, 148 Ukrainian legitimacy and NATO membership, 182-183 views on Russian-Ukrainian relations, 35-36 war in the Donbas, 197-198 Winter Olympic Games, 190 See also genocide 312
Index Racheva, Elena, 187, 201,242 racism: the fiction of Ukrainian ethnicity, 46-47 Raffalovich, George/Sands, Bedwin, 59 Red Army, 143 conquest of Georgia, 107 controlling xenophobia in the troops, 103 invasions of Ukraine, 90-91,93,95,136 Jewish conscript, 133-134 Khmelnytsky’s importance, 16 liberating Crimea, 145 Nazi invasion of the USSR, 136,140 the Polish offensive, 100-101 See also Bolsheviks; civil war, Russian; Soviet Union Red broom, 125-126 Red Russians (Bolsheviks). See Bolsheviks; civil war, Russian red-brown coalition, 164-167 refugees, 65,139-140,225-226,231 regime security, Ukraine’s threat to, 3-4,106, 117,265. See also democracy religion. See Jewish communities and individuals; Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Christians resistance, Ukrainian, 211-212,218-222, 226-228, 236,245-248 Revolution of Dignity/Euromaidan, 11,188-189, 191-192,194, 220, 246, 252, 272 ritual murder, 34-35, 48-49, 201 Rukh movement, 153-155, 170 Russian Empire collapse of, 7-8, 80-82 defining through religion, autocracy, and narodnost, 38 Great War objectives and tactics, 55-56 incorporation of the Hetmanate, 26-28 looting by military personnel, 237 occupation of Austro-Hungarian lands, 61-63 origins of, 18-20 Orthodox Ukrainians’ self-identification, 33-34 peasants and bourgeoisie clamoring for change, 40-41 Polish uprising, 36-37 Soviet revival of the imperial past, 122 territorial expansion, 6 See also World War I Russian Revolution, 80-82 Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), 108 Russian World (Russkii Mir), 175-176 Russification of Ukraine, 2,53-54 Brezhnev’s
rule increasing, 148-149 claiming Russian history in Ukraine, 37-38 demise of the UNR, 8 DNR and LNR, 204 Habsburg-Russian Empire relations, 58-59 history of, 7 imperial restrictions on Ukrainian language use, 45-46 land transfer and identity elimination in Galicia and Bukovyna, 68-80 manipulation of Little Russia, 42-44 moving the capital of Ukraine, 122-123 occupation and destruction of Mariupol, 229-230 post-war Sovietization of Ukraine, 134 post-World War I Provisional Government, 83-84 the Romanovs’ southern expansion, 28-29, 31 Russia’s response to Ukrainian resistance in 2022,220-222 Ukrainians’ increasing self-identity, 205-206 Valuev Circular, 41 White terror in Kyiv, 98 Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), 44 Russophiles in Ukraine, 58-61,68,72,74, 76 Ryabkov, Sergei, 215-216 sanctions, 194-195, 219 Sands, Bedwin (Raffalovich, George), 59 Schulz, Bruno, 139 Schwarzbard, Sholem, 79 scorched-earth policy, 74-75 security, national, 260-262 Bolshevik revolution, 103-104 claims to Kyivan Rus’ lands, 52 moving the capital of Ukraine, 122-123 NATO membership addressing Russian fears, 263 peasant revolts against Stalin’s collectivization, 117 Ukraine as threat to Russia, 4 Ukraine’s nuclear disarmament, 171-174 UNR destruction, 8 See also historical unity of Russia and Ukraine; regime security, Ukraine’s threat to self-determination, 82, 84,86,89,181 self-rule, Ukrainian, 82-85, 98,110 313
Index Semosenko, Ivan, 102 serfdom, 20-21 Sevastopol, Ukraine, 145,147,165 sexual violence lack of Russian military discipline leading to, 249-250 pogroms in Austria, 64 in Russian detention centers, 226-227 by Russian troops, 220,238-247,249-251 White Army pogroms, 101-102 Shakhnazarov, Georgy, 158 Shchegolev, Sergei, 46,51 Shcherbachev, Dmitrii, 75 Shcherbytsky, Volodymyr, 152-154 Shelef, Nadav, 260 Sheptytsky, Andrey, 72 Sherman, Wendy, 215-216 Shevchenko, Taras, 38-39,49-50,121, 163,228-230 Short Course of the History of the USSR, 122 Shukhevych, Roman, 138-139,142,184 Shulgin, Vasily, 48, 85 Sich Riflemen, 95-96,98 Siewinsky, Antoni, 70 Sikorsky, Igor, 33-34 Sikorsky, Ivan, 33-34,46-48 “Sirens” (Amelina), 235-236 Sixty-Fourth Motor Rifle Brigade (Russia), 250-251 Skoropadsky, Pavlo, 79-80,92-93 Skrypnyk, Mykola, 120-121 slavery: Ukrainian Jews, 23 Slovyansk, Ukraine, 197,200-201 socialists: Ukrainian nationalists, 42,52 Solovyov, Vladimir, 225 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 158,163,165,183 Sosnovsky, Yevhen, 253-254 sovereign democracy, Russia’s, 180-181 sovereignty, 155-156,180-181, 220, 273 Soviet Union attemptstopreserve, 157-160 the birth of independent Russia, 162-164 Brest-Litovsk peace negotiations, 90-91 Chernobyl Nuclear Plant disaster, 151-153 civil war goals, 88-90 claims on Bulgakov, 94 collapse of, 9-10,149-151,155-157 collectivization of agriculture, 105-106, 114-117,123-125 commemoration of Khmelnytsky, 16 controlling Ukraine to control the world, 101-102 creation of, 110-111 expulsion of Crimean Tatars, 145-147 indigenization program in Ukraine, 111-114
leveraging Ukraine’s diversity, 5 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 135 Novorossiya leadership, 199 OUN resistance, 138-139 Polish-Soviet treaty ending the civil war, 103-104 post-collapse separation of Russia and Ukraine, 161-162 post-war Sovietization of Ukraine, 134 resurrection through conquest of Ukraine, 211-212 reviving the imperial past, 122 Russian nationalism in the 1980s, 154 Sovietization and Russification of Mariupol and other cities, 230 Stalin targeting Ukrainian culture, 120-121 Stalin’s Great Terror, 129-131 trial of the SVU, 118-120 Ukraine’s departure from a Soviet identity, 207 Ukrainization campaign, 8-9 UPA guerrilla war against, 141-143 World War II myths and symbols, 147-148 See also civil war, Russian; historical unity öf Russia and Ukraine; Holodomor Stalin, Joseph anti-Ukraine policies, 267 attacking Ukrainization, 113-114 death of, 144 determination to secure Ukraine, 106-107 the Great Terror, 129-131 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 135 motives for the Holodomor, 128 Soviet collectivization of agriculture, 114-117, 123-125 targeting Ukrainian language and culture, 120-122 trial of the SVU, 119 Ukrainization campaign, 8-9 unitary state plan, 107-108 statehood, Ukrainian Bolshevik march on Kyiv, 90-91 Brest-Litovsk peace negotiations, 90-91 Cossack statehood, 24 history of, 17-18 increasing commitment to, 206 Polish-Soviet treaty ending the civil war, 103-104 post World War I “Ukrainian territory,” 95-96 314
Index the post-war Ukrainian national movement, 83-84 Soviet assassinations of supporters, 79-80 White movements commitment to, 98-99 See also independence, Ukrainian; Ukrainian Peoples Republic Strozhenko, Andrey, 47 Struve, Petr, 51 suicide-drone attacks, 255 Sultan, Amet-khan, 145-146 Sweden, Russia’s war against (1700-1721), 26-27 Synopsis (Gisel), 26 Syrian civil war, 217,237,256-257 Tatars, Crimean, 22-23, 30,145-146, 194,204 territorial expansion claims to lost homelands, 260 driving Great War policies, 60-61 ensuring Ukraine’s future safety, 261 incorporation of the Hetmanate, 26-28 Lenin’s attempt to salvage imperial lands, 107-108 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 135 Muscovy’s expansion of Kyivan Rus’, 20 the Romanovs’ southward expansion, 28-29 Russian annexation of LNR and DNR, 224 Russian response to Euromaidan, 192-193 Russia’s 18th-century conquests, 6 the war in the Donbas, 197-200 See also Crimea thermobaric rockets, 256 Tolstoy, Leo, 29-30 torture, 226-228, 238-240, 242-247 tourism: 18th-century elites in Ukraine, 36 Treaty on Friendship, Cooperation, and Partnership (1997), 173-174 Trotsky, Leon, 89,91,93,109 Turchynov, Oleksandr, 200 Tymoshenko, Yulia, 184-185 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), 134,140-144, 155, 176, 207, 271,273 Ukrainian Military Organization (UVO), 119-120 Ukrainian national movement, 5,8,45-47,49, 58-59,83,86-88,103,119 Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR), 8,87, 90-93, 95, 97-100,102-103,155 Ukrainization programs, 110-113, 117-118, 120-121,136-137 UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 228 Uniates. See Greek Catholic Church
unification of Russia and Ukraine. See historical unity of Russia and Ukraine Union for the Liberation of Ukraine (SVU), 118-120 Union of the Russian People, 45-46 unitary state, Russian, 108,113 United Kingdom, 93,141,158-159,173. See also the West United States aid for the Donbas war, 203 the Orange Revolution, 180 OUN attracting anti-Soviet forces, 141 preservation of the Soviet Union, 156 Putin’s relationship building, 176 Russian conspiratorial thinking, 265 Ukraine’s nuclear disarmament, 171-174 See also the West unity of Russia and Ukraine. See historical unity of Russia and Ukraine Vakulenko, Volodymyr, 235 Valuev, Petr, 41 Valuev Circular, 41-42,58 Veksliarov, Petro, 150 Vikings in Kyivan Rus’ lands, 17-18 Vilnius NATO summit (2023), 263 violence attack on Yushchenko, 178 causes of, 242-243 food search brigades, 125-126 Great War expansion of, 7 historical roots of Russian policies, 54 long history of, 13-14 1919 fighting in Ukraine, 94 OUN use of, 138-139 as punishment for resistance, 12 against student protesters, 188-190 Ukrainian resistance to collectivization, 116-117 White terror in Kyiv, 98 See also genocide; mass murder; murder; pogroms; sexual violence Volhynia, 18-19,22-24, 75-76, 103-104, 131, 137, 141 Volodymyr (prince), 28, 165 Volunteer Army (White force), 88, 98, 101-103 voter turnout: Ukraine’s 2004 election, 178-180 Vynnychenko, Volodymyr, 84, 87 315
Index Wagner Group, 201-202, 223-224, 242 Wall Evidence (Nastinni Dokazy) project, 246-247 War Communism, 109-110 Wells, Grant Carveth, 127 the West as the cause of the February invasion, 217 the importance of supporting Ukraine, 273 preservation of the Soviet Union, 158 Putins fears of Ukraine’s collaboration with, 10-11 Russian annexation of Crimea, 191-195 Russia’s increasing tensions, 177-178 skepticism over Russia’s threat, 214-215 Stalin’s fear of, 114 supporting Poland in the civil war, 101 supporting the Ukrainian resistance campaign, 219 Ukraine as an anti-Russian weapon of, 46-47 Yushchenko’s alignment, 177 See also European Union; United Kingdom; United States West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR), 96-98, 102, 136-137, 144, 155 White anti-Communists, 8,45,88,90-95, 99-104,107. See also civil war The White Guard (Bulgakov), 93-95,113-114 World War 1 the Great Retreat, 74-75,80-81 looting and pogroms by Russian troops, 63-66 nationalist objectives, 54 Provisional Government, 80,82,84-86,88-89 Russian fears of espionage and treason, 74-76 Russian occupation of Galicia and Bukovyna, 7,61-62 Russian violation of the Hague Convention in Austria Hungary, 62-63 Russian-Ukrainian rapprochement, 60 Russification in Galicia and Bukovyna, 66-77 See also Austro-Hungarian Empire; Bukovyna; Galicia 316 World War II cultural loss through Sovietization, 133-134 fighting in the Crimea, 145 Holocaust, 9,116,133-134,140-141,184, 243, 268, 273 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the invasion of Poland, 135 romanticizing Russian success, 175 Soviet myths associated with, 147-148 Soviet
occupation of Ukraine, 136-141 xenophobia, 31-32,60-61,63-64,74-76,204. See also anti-Semitism; Jewish communities and individuals Yahidne, Ukraine, 240 Yanukovych, Viktor aborted EU deal, 185-186 constitutional reforms, 190-191 Donbas protesters, 196 election fraud, 10,176-180 election victory and policies, 184-185 Russia-Ukraine integration, 192-193 student protests against, 188-190 Yanushkevich, Nikolai, 60,71-72,75 Yeltsin, Boris, 10,154-155,157,159,164,167, 173-174, 266-267 youth movements (Russia), 180 youth movements (Ukraine), 118 Yushchenko, Viktor, 176-180,182-184 Yushchinsky, Andrii, 47-48 Zelensky, Volodymyr, 161 claiming Sikorsky for Ukraine, 33-34 closing Medvedchuk’s TV channels, 213 Putin’s refusal to negotiate with, 11-12, 208-209 Russian propaganda in 2022, 221 skepticism over Russia’s military buildup to the invasion, 215 Zor’kin, Valery, 180-181 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Finkel, Evgeny 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1021292214 |
| author_facet | Finkel, Evgeny 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Finkel, Evgeny 1978- |
| author_variant | e f ef |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049922200 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1455722054 (DE-599)KXP1882769643 |
| dewey-full | 947.7086 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 947 - Russia & east Europe |
| dewey-raw | 947.7086 |
| dewey-search | 947.7086 |
| dewey-sort | 3947.7086 |
| dewey-tens | 940 - History of Europe |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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And yet, to Ukrainians, this attack was painfully familiar, the latest episode in a centuries-long Russian campaign to divide and oppress Ukraine. In Intent to Destroy, political scientist Eugene Finkel uncovers these deep roots of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Ukraine is a key borderland between Russia and the West, and, following the rise of Russian nationalism in the nineteenth century, dominating Ukraine became the cornerstone of Russian policy. Russia has long used genocidal tactics-killings, deportations, starvation, and cultural destruction-to successfully crush Ukrainian efforts to chart an independent path. As Finkel shows, today's violence is simply a more extreme version of the Kremlin's long-standing policy. But unlike in the past, the people of Ukraine-motivated by the rise of democracy in their nation-have overcome their deep internal divisions. For the first time, they have united in favor of independence from Russia. 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Intent to Destroy offers the vital context we need to truly understand Europe's bloodiest conflict since World War II."</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Vorgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4138921-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Unterdrückung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4257314-2</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)106969780X</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ukraine</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4061496-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russian Invasion of Ukraine, 2022 / Causes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russia (Federation) / Relations / Ukraine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Ukraine / Relations / Russia (Federation)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Unterdrückung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4257314-2</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Ukraine</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4061496-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)106969780X</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Vorgeschichte</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4138921-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="775" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Äquivalent</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe, Hardback</subfield><subfield code="z">9781399809719</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-399-80974-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - 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| geographic | Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049922200 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-28T11:14:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781399809719 9781399809726 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035260760 |
| oclc_num | 1455722054 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xvii, 316 Seiten Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20250117 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Basic Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Finkel, Evgeny 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1021292214 aut Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine Eugene Finkel London Basic Books 2024 xvii, 316 Seiten Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Russia's brutal invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 shocked the world. And yet, to Ukrainians, this attack was painfully familiar, the latest episode in a centuries-long Russian campaign to divide and oppress Ukraine. In Intent to Destroy, political scientist Eugene Finkel uncovers these deep roots of the Russo-Ukrainian War. Ukraine is a key borderland between Russia and the West, and, following the rise of Russian nationalism in the nineteenth century, dominating Ukraine became the cornerstone of Russian policy. Russia has long used genocidal tactics-killings, deportations, starvation, and cultural destruction-to successfully crush Ukrainian efforts to chart an independent path. As Finkel shows, today's violence is simply a more extreme version of the Kremlin's long-standing policy. But unlike in the past, the people of Ukraine-motivated by the rise of democracy in their nation-have overcome their deep internal divisions. For the first time, they have united in favor of independence from Russia. Whatever the outcome of the present war, Ukraine's staunch resistance has permanently altered its relationship to Russia and the West. Intent to Destroy offers the vital context we need to truly understand Europe's bloodiest conflict since World War II." Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 gnd rswk-swf Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd rswk-swf Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russian Invasion of Ukraine, 2022 / Causes Russia (Federation) / Relations / Ukraine Ukraine / Relations / Russia (Federation) Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 s Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Geschichte z DE-604 Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X s Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 s Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Hardback 9781399809719 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-399-80974-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035260760&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035260760&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Finkel, Evgeny 1978- Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 gnd Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4138921-9 (DE-588)4257314-2 (DE-588)106969780X (DE-588)4061496-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine |
| title_auth | Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine |
| title_exact_search | Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine |
| title_full | Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine Eugene Finkel |
| title_fullStr | Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine Eugene Finkel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intent to destroy Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine Eugene Finkel |
| title_short | Intent to destroy |
| title_sort | intent to destroy russia s two hundred year quest to dominate ukraine |
| title_sub | Russia's two-hundred-year quest to dominate Ukraine |
| topic | Vorgeschichte (DE-588)4138921-9 gnd Unterdrückung (DE-588)4257314-2 gnd Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd |
| topic_facet | Vorgeschichte Unterdrückung Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg Ukraine Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035260760&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035260760&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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