A Tale of Two Cities: a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Alphen aan den Rijn
Wolters Kluwer Law International
2023
|
| Edition: | 1st ed |
| Series: | Energy and Environmental Law and Policy Series
|
| Online Access: | DE-2070s |
| Item Description: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Physical Description: | 1 Online-Ressource (215 Seiten) |
| ISBN: | 9789403542478 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A Tale of Two Cities |b a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| 250 | |a 1st ed | ||
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| 505 | 8 | |a Intro -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Comparability: Reasons for Selecting the Targeted Areas -- 1 Comparability in Geographical, Environmental, and Social Conditions -- 2 Comparability in Air Pollution -- 3 Comparability in Improvement of Air Quality -- CHAPTER 2 Methodology: The Environmental Governance Model -- 1 EG Model as a Whole -- 2 Two Circles -- 3 Equilateral Triangle -- 4 Symbol of Two Overlaying Circles -- 5 Relation Between the Two Circles and the Triangle -- 6 Theoretical Foundation of the EG Model -- 7 Internal Logic -- CHAPTER 3 Air Pollution Governance in Los Angeles Area -- 1 Political Profile of the United States -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks on Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Development of Environmental Ethic Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 Monitoring Air Pollutants -- 3.1.1.1 Establishment of the Air Quality Monitoring Network -- 3.1.1.2 Establishment of Community Air Protection Program -- 3.1.2 Regulation of Incinerators -- 3.1.3 Regulation of Transportation Sector -- 3.1.3.1 Study of Air Quality -- 3.1.3.2 California Air Resources Board -- 3.1.3.3 First Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Regulations -- 3.1.3.4 California's Smog Check Program -- 3.1.3.5 Low Emission Vehicles Program -- 3.1.3.6 SCAQMD Clean Fleets Program -- 3.1.3.7 Reducing Diesel Exhaust Pollution from Locomotive Transportation -- 3.1.3.8 Regulation of Gasoline -- 3.1.4 Regulation of Ports -- 3.1.4.1 Clean Air Action Plan (2006, 2017) -- 3.1.4.2 Important Elements for the Plan's Success -- 3.1.4.2.1 Action and Clear Responsibilities of the Responsible Agencies -- 3.1.4.2.2 San Pedro Bay Standards | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.1.4.2.3 Public Participation -- 3.1.5 Regulation of Building Industry -- 3.1.5.1 California Energy Code -- 3.1.5.2 California Green Building Standards Code -- 3.1.5.3 Energy Efficiency of Buildings -- 3.1.5.4 Economic Building Enterprises -- 3.1.5.5 Water Conservation Ordinance -- 3.1.5.6 Planning and Zoning Code -- 3.1.6 Regulation of Utility Sector -- 3.1.6.1 Power Plant Equipment Improvement and Emission Standards -- 3.1.6.2 Emission Permit System -- 3.1.6.3 Cleaning the Sources of Electricity -- 3.1.7 Regulation of Oil Refineries and Gas Stations -- 3.1.8 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.1.8.1 Joint Research Council on Power Plant Air Pollution Control -- 3.1.8.2 Urban Forestry Projects -- 3.1.8.3 Partnership Between Government and Organizations-Green Business Certification -- 3.1.8.4 City Energy Project -- 3.1.8.5 Energy Efficiency and Solar Incentive Programs -- 3.1.9 Market-Based Regulations and Policies -- 3.1.9.1 Pollution Trading -- 3.1.9.2 Vehicle Labeling Requirements -- 3.1.9.3 Rebate Program -- 3.1.10 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Programs -- 3.1.10.1 Energy Star -- 3.1.10.2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -- 3.1.10.3 Financial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.10.4 Nonfinancial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.11 Governmental Environmental Education -- 3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 3.2.1 Supervision by Federal Government -- 3.2.2 Supervision by Nongovernmental Organizations -- 3.2.3 Supervision by Enterprises -- 3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Media Disclosure and Public Responses -- 3.3.2 NGOs' Participation in Litigations -- 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.2 Value Change of the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 4 Air Pollution Governance in BTH Area of China | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 1 Political Profile of China -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks for Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.1 National Framework -- 2.1.2 Local Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Traditional Chinese Environmental Ethics -- 2.2.2 Contemporary Stimulations from International Society -- 2.2.2.1 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment -- 2.2.2.2 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development -- 2.2.3 Contemporary Chinese Environmental Ethical Ideas -- 2.2.3.1 Scientific Outlook on Development -- 2.2.3.2 Ecological Civilization -- 2.2.3.3 Green Growth -- 2.2.4 Development of Environmental Ethics Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 National Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.1.1 Goals and Targets -- 3.1.1.2 Funding -- 3.1.1.3 Action Plans -- 3.1.1.4 Emission Trading -- 3.1.1.5 Assessment -- 3.1.2 Local Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.2.1 Local Regulations, Plans and Targets -- 3.1.2.2 Emission Permit -- 3.1.2.3 Improving Industrial Structure -- 3.1.2.4 Technology Innovation -- 3.1.2.5 Optimizing Energy Structure -- 3.1.2.6 Regulating of Major Polluting Sources -- 3.1.2.6.1 Automobiles -- 3.1.2.6.2 Port -- 3.1.2.6.3 Dusts -- 3.1.2.7 Phasing out Polluting Industries and Replacement of Employees -- 3.1.2.8 Ban of Open Burning -- 3.1.2.9 Law Enforcement -- 3.2 The Relation of Supervision on Regulators -- 3.2.1 The Supervision of the National Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.2 Supervision by the Local Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.3 Ecological and Environmental Inspection -- 3.3 Relation on Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Supervision by NGOs -- 3.3.1.1 Participating in Governmental Decision-Making Processes -- 3.3.1.2 Reporting -- 3.3.1.3 Public Interest Litigation -- 3.3.2 Supervision by News Media -- 3.3.3 The "Supervision" by Courts | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Achievements -- 4.1.1 Optimization of Energy Structure and Energy Consumption -- 4.1.1.1 Nationally Optimization -- 4.1.1.2 Optimization in the BTH Area -- 4.1.2 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.1.3 Air Pollution Governance -- 4.1.3.1 Regulatory Relation -- 4.1.3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 4.1.3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 4.2 Value Change in the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 5 Comparison and Findings -- 1 Macro Comparison -- 1.1 Correlation Between Political Profiles and Air Quality Improvement -- 1.2 Correlation Between Economic Structure and Air Quality Improvement -- 2 Micro Comparison -- 2.1 Comparison of Legal and Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.1 Comparison of Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.2 Comparison of Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.2.1 Comparison of Historical Developments of Environmental Ethics in the United States and China -- 2.1.2.1.1 Peak Times -- 2.1.2.1.2 Evolutionary Trends -- 2.1.2.1.3 Driving Forces -- 2.1.3 Comparison of Value Change of Society -- 2.2 Comparison of Regulatory and Other Measures -- 2.2.1 Measures Categorized by Political Relations -- 2.2.2 Measures Categorized by Actors -- 2.2.3 Measures Categorized by Nature -- 2.2.4 Measures Categorized by Function -- 2.2.5 A Summary -- 2.3 Comparison of Governance Processes -- 2.3.1 Comparison of Relation of Regulation -- 2.3.2 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 2.3.3 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 2.3.4 A General Pattern of Air Pollution Governance -- CHAPTER 6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ottinger, Richard |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Druck-Ausgabe |a Wang, Xi |t A Tale of Two Cities: a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |d Alphen aan den Rijn : Wolters Kluwer Law International,c2023 |z 9789403542379 |
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| contents | Intro -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Comparability: Reasons for Selecting the Targeted Areas -- 1 Comparability in Geographical, Environmental, and Social Conditions -- 2 Comparability in Air Pollution -- 3 Comparability in Improvement of Air Quality -- CHAPTER 2 Methodology: The Environmental Governance Model -- 1 EG Model as a Whole -- 2 Two Circles -- 3 Equilateral Triangle -- 4 Symbol of Two Overlaying Circles -- 5 Relation Between the Two Circles and the Triangle -- 6 Theoretical Foundation of the EG Model -- 7 Internal Logic -- CHAPTER 3 Air Pollution Governance in Los Angeles Area -- 1 Political Profile of the United States -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks on Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Development of Environmental Ethic Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 Monitoring Air Pollutants -- 3.1.1.1 Establishment of the Air Quality Monitoring Network -- 3.1.1.2 Establishment of Community Air Protection Program -- 3.1.2 Regulation of Incinerators -- 3.1.3 Regulation of Transportation Sector -- 3.1.3.1 Study of Air Quality -- 3.1.3.2 California Air Resources Board -- 3.1.3.3 First Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Regulations -- 3.1.3.4 California's Smog Check Program -- 3.1.3.5 Low Emission Vehicles Program -- 3.1.3.6 SCAQMD Clean Fleets Program -- 3.1.3.7 Reducing Diesel Exhaust Pollution from Locomotive Transportation -- 3.1.3.8 Regulation of Gasoline -- 3.1.4 Regulation of Ports -- 3.1.4.1 Clean Air Action Plan (2006, 2017) -- 3.1.4.2 Important Elements for the Plan's Success -- 3.1.4.2.1 Action and Clear Responsibilities of the Responsible Agencies -- 3.1.4.2.2 San Pedro Bay Standards 3.1.4.2.3 Public Participation -- 3.1.5 Regulation of Building Industry -- 3.1.5.1 California Energy Code -- 3.1.5.2 California Green Building Standards Code -- 3.1.5.3 Energy Efficiency of Buildings -- 3.1.5.4 Economic Building Enterprises -- 3.1.5.5 Water Conservation Ordinance -- 3.1.5.6 Planning and Zoning Code -- 3.1.6 Regulation of Utility Sector -- 3.1.6.1 Power Plant Equipment Improvement and Emission Standards -- 3.1.6.2 Emission Permit System -- 3.1.6.3 Cleaning the Sources of Electricity -- 3.1.7 Regulation of Oil Refineries and Gas Stations -- 3.1.8 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.1.8.1 Joint Research Council on Power Plant Air Pollution Control -- 3.1.8.2 Urban Forestry Projects -- 3.1.8.3 Partnership Between Government and Organizations-Green Business Certification -- 3.1.8.4 City Energy Project -- 3.1.8.5 Energy Efficiency and Solar Incentive Programs -- 3.1.9 Market-Based Regulations and Policies -- 3.1.9.1 Pollution Trading -- 3.1.9.2 Vehicle Labeling Requirements -- 3.1.9.3 Rebate Program -- 3.1.10 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Programs -- 3.1.10.1 Energy Star -- 3.1.10.2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -- 3.1.10.3 Financial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.10.4 Nonfinancial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.11 Governmental Environmental Education -- 3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 3.2.1 Supervision by Federal Government -- 3.2.2 Supervision by Nongovernmental Organizations -- 3.2.3 Supervision by Enterprises -- 3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Media Disclosure and Public Responses -- 3.3.2 NGOs' Participation in Litigations -- 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.2 Value Change of the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 4 Air Pollution Governance in BTH Area of China 1 Political Profile of China -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks for Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.1 National Framework -- 2.1.2 Local Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Traditional Chinese Environmental Ethics -- 2.2.2 Contemporary Stimulations from International Society -- 2.2.2.1 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment -- 2.2.2.2 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development -- 2.2.3 Contemporary Chinese Environmental Ethical Ideas -- 2.2.3.1 Scientific Outlook on Development -- 2.2.3.2 Ecological Civilization -- 2.2.3.3 Green Growth -- 2.2.4 Development of Environmental Ethics Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 National Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.1.1 Goals and Targets -- 3.1.1.2 Funding -- 3.1.1.3 Action Plans -- 3.1.1.4 Emission Trading -- 3.1.1.5 Assessment -- 3.1.2 Local Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.2.1 Local Regulations, Plans and Targets -- 3.1.2.2 Emission Permit -- 3.1.2.3 Improving Industrial Structure -- 3.1.2.4 Technology Innovation -- 3.1.2.5 Optimizing Energy Structure -- 3.1.2.6 Regulating of Major Polluting Sources -- 3.1.2.6.1 Automobiles -- 3.1.2.6.2 Port -- 3.1.2.6.3 Dusts -- 3.1.2.7 Phasing out Polluting Industries and Replacement of Employees -- 3.1.2.8 Ban of Open Burning -- 3.1.2.9 Law Enforcement -- 3.2 The Relation of Supervision on Regulators -- 3.2.1 The Supervision of the National Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.2 Supervision by the Local Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.3 Ecological and Environmental Inspection -- 3.3 Relation on Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Supervision by NGOs -- 3.3.1.1 Participating in Governmental Decision-Making Processes -- 3.3.1.2 Reporting -- 3.3.1.3 Public Interest Litigation -- 3.3.2 Supervision by News Media -- 3.3.3 The "Supervision" by Courts 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Achievements -- 4.1.1 Optimization of Energy Structure and Energy Consumption -- 4.1.1.1 Nationally Optimization -- 4.1.1.2 Optimization in the BTH Area -- 4.1.2 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.1.3 Air Pollution Governance -- 4.1.3.1 Regulatory Relation -- 4.1.3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 4.1.3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 4.2 Value Change in the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 5 Comparison and Findings -- 1 Macro Comparison -- 1.1 Correlation Between Political Profiles and Air Quality Improvement -- 1.2 Correlation Between Economic Structure and Air Quality Improvement -- 2 Micro Comparison -- 2.1 Comparison of Legal and Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.1 Comparison of Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.2 Comparison of Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.2.1 Comparison of Historical Developments of Environmental Ethics in the United States and China -- 2.1.2.1.1 Peak Times -- 2.1.2.1.2 Evolutionary Trends -- 2.1.2.1.3 Driving Forces -- 2.1.3 Comparison of Value Change of Society -- 2.2 Comparison of Regulatory and Other Measures -- 2.2.1 Measures Categorized by Political Relations -- 2.2.2 Measures Categorized by Actors -- 2.2.3 Measures Categorized by Nature -- 2.2.4 Measures Categorized by Function -- 2.2.5 A Summary -- 2.3 Comparison of Governance Processes -- 2.3.1 Comparison of Relation of Regulation -- 2.3.2 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 2.3.3 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 2.3.4 A General Pattern of Air Pollution Governance -- CHAPTER 6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-30-PQE)EBC31052971 (ZDB-30-PAD)EBC31052971 (ZDB-89-EBL)EBL31052971 (OCoLC)1466907291 (DE-599)BVBBV049871548 |
| edition | 1st ed |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Comparability: Reasons for Selecting the Targeted Areas -- 1 Comparability in Geographical, Environmental, and Social Conditions -- 2 Comparability in Air Pollution -- 3 Comparability in Improvement of Air Quality -- CHAPTER 2 Methodology: The Environmental Governance Model -- 1 EG Model as a Whole -- 2 Two Circles -- 3 Equilateral Triangle -- 4 Symbol of Two Overlaying Circles -- 5 Relation Between the Two Circles and the Triangle -- 6 Theoretical Foundation of the EG Model -- 7 Internal Logic -- CHAPTER 3 Air Pollution Governance in Los Angeles Area -- 1 Political Profile of the United States -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks on Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Development of Environmental Ethic Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 Monitoring Air Pollutants -- 3.1.1.1 Establishment of the Air Quality Monitoring Network -- 3.1.1.2 Establishment of Community Air Protection Program -- 3.1.2 Regulation of Incinerators -- 3.1.3 Regulation of Transportation Sector -- 3.1.3.1 Study of Air Quality -- 3.1.3.2 California Air Resources Board -- 3.1.3.3 First Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Regulations -- 3.1.3.4 California's Smog Check Program -- 3.1.3.5 Low Emission Vehicles Program -- 3.1.3.6 SCAQMD Clean Fleets Program -- 3.1.3.7 Reducing Diesel Exhaust Pollution from Locomotive Transportation -- 3.1.3.8 Regulation of Gasoline -- 3.1.4 Regulation of Ports -- 3.1.4.1 Clean Air Action Plan (2006, 2017) -- 3.1.4.2 Important Elements for the Plan's Success -- 3.1.4.2.1 Action and Clear Responsibilities of the Responsible Agencies -- 3.1.4.2.2 San Pedro Bay Standards</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.1.4.2.3 Public Participation -- 3.1.5 Regulation of Building Industry -- 3.1.5.1 California Energy Code -- 3.1.5.2 California Green Building Standards Code -- 3.1.5.3 Energy Efficiency of Buildings -- 3.1.5.4 Economic Building Enterprises -- 3.1.5.5 Water Conservation Ordinance -- 3.1.5.6 Planning and Zoning Code -- 3.1.6 Regulation of Utility Sector -- 3.1.6.1 Power Plant Equipment Improvement and Emission Standards -- 3.1.6.2 Emission Permit System -- 3.1.6.3 Cleaning the Sources of Electricity -- 3.1.7 Regulation of Oil Refineries and Gas Stations -- 3.1.8 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.1.8.1 Joint Research Council on Power Plant Air Pollution Control -- 3.1.8.2 Urban Forestry Projects -- 3.1.8.3 Partnership Between Government and Organizations-Green Business Certification -- 3.1.8.4 City Energy Project -- 3.1.8.5 Energy Efficiency and Solar Incentive Programs -- 3.1.9 Market-Based Regulations and Policies -- 3.1.9.1 Pollution Trading -- 3.1.9.2 Vehicle Labeling Requirements -- 3.1.9.3 Rebate Program -- 3.1.10 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Programs -- 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Framework -- 2.1.2 Local Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Traditional Chinese Environmental Ethics -- 2.2.2 Contemporary Stimulations from International Society -- 2.2.2.1 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment -- 2.2.2.2 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development -- 2.2.3 Contemporary Chinese Environmental Ethical Ideas -- 2.2.3.1 Scientific Outlook on Development -- 2.2.3.2 Ecological Civilization -- 2.2.3.3 Green Growth -- 2.2.4 Development of Environmental Ethics Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 National Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.1.1 Goals and Targets -- 3.1.1.2 Funding -- 3.1.1.3 Action Plans -- 3.1.1.4 Emission Trading -- 3.1.1.5 Assessment -- 3.1.2 Local Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.2.1 Local Regulations, Plans and Targets -- 3.1.2.2 Emission Permit -- 3.1.2.3 Improving Industrial Structure -- 3.1.2.4 Technology Innovation -- 3.1.2.5 Optimizing Energy Structure -- 3.1.2.6 Regulating of Major Polluting Sources -- 3.1.2.6.1 Automobiles -- 3.1.2.6.2 Port -- 3.1.2.6.3 Dusts -- 3.1.2.7 Phasing out Polluting Industries and Replacement of Employees -- 3.1.2.8 Ban of Open Burning -- 3.1.2.9 Law Enforcement -- 3.2 The Relation of Supervision on Regulators -- 3.2.1 The Supervision of the National Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.2 Supervision by the Local Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.3 Ecological and Environmental Inspection -- 3.3 Relation on Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Supervision by NGOs -- 3.3.1.1 Participating in Governmental Decision-Making Processes -- 3.3.1.2 Reporting -- 3.3.1.3 Public Interest Litigation -- 3.3.2 Supervision by News Media -- 3.3.3 The "Supervision" by Courts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Achievements -- 4.1.1 Optimization of Energy Structure and Energy Consumption -- 4.1.1.1 Nationally Optimization -- 4.1.1.2 Optimization in the BTH Area -- 4.1.2 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.1.3 Air Pollution Governance -- 4.1.3.1 Regulatory Relation -- 4.1.3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 4.1.3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 4.2 Value Change in the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 5 Comparison and Findings -- 1 Macro Comparison -- 1.1 Correlation Between Political Profiles and Air Quality Improvement -- 1.2 Correlation Between Economic Structure and Air Quality Improvement -- 2 Micro Comparison -- 2.1 Comparison of Legal and Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.1 Comparison of Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.2 Comparison of Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.2.1 Comparison of Historical Developments of Environmental Ethics in the United States and China -- 2.1.2.1.1 Peak Times -- 2.1.2.1.2 Evolutionary Trends -- 2.1.2.1.3 Driving Forces -- 2.1.3 Comparison of Value Change of Society -- 2.2 Comparison of Regulatory and Other Measures -- 2.2.1 Measures Categorized by Political Relations -- 2.2.2 Measures Categorized by Actors -- 2.2.3 Measures Categorized by Nature -- 2.2.4 Measures Categorized by Function -- 2.2.5 A Summary -- 2.3 Comparison of Governance Processes -- 2.3.1 Comparison of Relation of Regulation -- 2.3.2 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 2.3.3 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 2.3.4 A General Pattern of Air Pollution Governance -- CHAPTER 6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ottinger, Richard</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Druck-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="a">Wang, Xi</subfield><subfield code="t">A Tale of Two Cities: a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China</subfield><subfield code="d">Alphen aan den Rijn : Wolters Kluwer Law International,c2023</subfield><subfield code="z">9789403542379</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035211023</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/hwr/detail.action?docID=31052971</subfield><subfield code="l">DE-2070s</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield><subfield code="q">HWR_PDA_PQE</subfield><subfield code="x">Aggregator</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV049871548 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-06T13:11:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789403542478 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035211023 |
| oclc_num | 1466907291 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-2070s |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (215 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE HWR_PDA_PQE |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Law International |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Energy and Environmental Law and Policy Series |
| spelling | Wang, Xi Verfasser aut A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China 1st ed Alphen aan den Rijn Wolters Kluwer Law International 2023 ©2023 1 Online-Ressource (215 Seiten) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Energy and Environmental Law and Policy Series Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Intro -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Comparability: Reasons for Selecting the Targeted Areas -- 1 Comparability in Geographical, Environmental, and Social Conditions -- 2 Comparability in Air Pollution -- 3 Comparability in Improvement of Air Quality -- CHAPTER 2 Methodology: The Environmental Governance Model -- 1 EG Model as a Whole -- 2 Two Circles -- 3 Equilateral Triangle -- 4 Symbol of Two Overlaying Circles -- 5 Relation Between the Two Circles and the Triangle -- 6 Theoretical Foundation of the EG Model -- 7 Internal Logic -- CHAPTER 3 Air Pollution Governance in Los Angeles Area -- 1 Political Profile of the United States -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks on Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Development of Environmental Ethic Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 Monitoring Air Pollutants -- 3.1.1.1 Establishment of the Air Quality Monitoring Network -- 3.1.1.2 Establishment of Community Air Protection Program -- 3.1.2 Regulation of Incinerators -- 3.1.3 Regulation of Transportation Sector -- 3.1.3.1 Study of Air Quality -- 3.1.3.2 California Air Resources Board -- 3.1.3.3 First Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Regulations -- 3.1.3.4 California's Smog Check Program -- 3.1.3.5 Low Emission Vehicles Program -- 3.1.3.6 SCAQMD Clean Fleets Program -- 3.1.3.7 Reducing Diesel Exhaust Pollution from Locomotive Transportation -- 3.1.3.8 Regulation of Gasoline -- 3.1.4 Regulation of Ports -- 3.1.4.1 Clean Air Action Plan (2006, 2017) -- 3.1.4.2 Important Elements for the Plan's Success -- 3.1.4.2.1 Action and Clear Responsibilities of the Responsible Agencies -- 3.1.4.2.2 San Pedro Bay Standards 3.1.4.2.3 Public Participation -- 3.1.5 Regulation of Building Industry -- 3.1.5.1 California Energy Code -- 3.1.5.2 California Green Building Standards Code -- 3.1.5.3 Energy Efficiency of Buildings -- 3.1.5.4 Economic Building Enterprises -- 3.1.5.5 Water Conservation Ordinance -- 3.1.5.6 Planning and Zoning Code -- 3.1.6 Regulation of Utility Sector -- 3.1.6.1 Power Plant Equipment Improvement and Emission Standards -- 3.1.6.2 Emission Permit System -- 3.1.6.3 Cleaning the Sources of Electricity -- 3.1.7 Regulation of Oil Refineries and Gas Stations -- 3.1.8 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.1.8.1 Joint Research Council on Power Plant Air Pollution Control -- 3.1.8.2 Urban Forestry Projects -- 3.1.8.3 Partnership Between Government and Organizations-Green Business Certification -- 3.1.8.4 City Energy Project -- 3.1.8.5 Energy Efficiency and Solar Incentive Programs -- 3.1.9 Market-Based Regulations and Policies -- 3.1.9.1 Pollution Trading -- 3.1.9.2 Vehicle Labeling Requirements -- 3.1.9.3 Rebate Program -- 3.1.10 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Programs -- 3.1.10.1 Energy Star -- 3.1.10.2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -- 3.1.10.3 Financial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.10.4 Nonfinancial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.11 Governmental Environmental Education -- 3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 3.2.1 Supervision by Federal Government -- 3.2.2 Supervision by Nongovernmental Organizations -- 3.2.3 Supervision by Enterprises -- 3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Media Disclosure and Public Responses -- 3.3.2 NGOs' Participation in Litigations -- 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.2 Value Change of the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 4 Air Pollution Governance in BTH Area of China 1 Political Profile of China -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks for Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.1 National Framework -- 2.1.2 Local Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Traditional Chinese Environmental Ethics -- 2.2.2 Contemporary Stimulations from International Society -- 2.2.2.1 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment -- 2.2.2.2 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development -- 2.2.3 Contemporary Chinese Environmental Ethical Ideas -- 2.2.3.1 Scientific Outlook on Development -- 2.2.3.2 Ecological Civilization -- 2.2.3.3 Green Growth -- 2.2.4 Development of Environmental Ethics Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 National Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.1.1 Goals and Targets -- 3.1.1.2 Funding -- 3.1.1.3 Action Plans -- 3.1.1.4 Emission Trading -- 3.1.1.5 Assessment -- 3.1.2 Local Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.2.1 Local Regulations, Plans and Targets -- 3.1.2.2 Emission Permit -- 3.1.2.3 Improving Industrial Structure -- 3.1.2.4 Technology Innovation -- 3.1.2.5 Optimizing Energy Structure -- 3.1.2.6 Regulating of Major Polluting Sources -- 3.1.2.6.1 Automobiles -- 3.1.2.6.2 Port -- 3.1.2.6.3 Dusts -- 3.1.2.7 Phasing out Polluting Industries and Replacement of Employees -- 3.1.2.8 Ban of Open Burning -- 3.1.2.9 Law Enforcement -- 3.2 The Relation of Supervision on Regulators -- 3.2.1 The Supervision of the National Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.2 Supervision by the Local Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.3 Ecological and Environmental Inspection -- 3.3 Relation on Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Supervision by NGOs -- 3.3.1.1 Participating in Governmental Decision-Making Processes -- 3.3.1.2 Reporting -- 3.3.1.3 Public Interest Litigation -- 3.3.2 Supervision by News Media -- 3.3.3 The "Supervision" by Courts 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Achievements -- 4.1.1 Optimization of Energy Structure and Energy Consumption -- 4.1.1.1 Nationally Optimization -- 4.1.1.2 Optimization in the BTH Area -- 4.1.2 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.1.3 Air Pollution Governance -- 4.1.3.1 Regulatory Relation -- 4.1.3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 4.1.3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 4.2 Value Change in the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 5 Comparison and Findings -- 1 Macro Comparison -- 1.1 Correlation Between Political Profiles and Air Quality Improvement -- 1.2 Correlation Between Economic Structure and Air Quality Improvement -- 2 Micro Comparison -- 2.1 Comparison of Legal and Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.1 Comparison of Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.2 Comparison of Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.2.1 Comparison of Historical Developments of Environmental Ethics in the United States and China -- 2.1.2.1.1 Peak Times -- 2.1.2.1.2 Evolutionary Trends -- 2.1.2.1.3 Driving Forces -- 2.1.3 Comparison of Value Change of Society -- 2.2 Comparison of Regulatory and Other Measures -- 2.2.1 Measures Categorized by Political Relations -- 2.2.2 Measures Categorized by Actors -- 2.2.3 Measures Categorized by Nature -- 2.2.4 Measures Categorized by Function -- 2.2.5 A Summary -- 2.3 Comparison of Governance Processes -- 2.3.1 Comparison of Relation of Regulation -- 2.3.2 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 2.3.3 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 2.3.4 A General Pattern of Air Pollution Governance -- CHAPTER 6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index Ottinger, Richard Sonstige oth Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Wang, Xi A Tale of Two Cities: a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China Alphen aan den Rijn : Wolters Kluwer Law International,c2023 9789403542379 |
| spellingShingle | Wang, Xi A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China Intro -- Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- About the Authors -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- CHAPTER 1 Comparability: Reasons for Selecting the Targeted Areas -- 1 Comparability in Geographical, Environmental, and Social Conditions -- 2 Comparability in Air Pollution -- 3 Comparability in Improvement of Air Quality -- CHAPTER 2 Methodology: The Environmental Governance Model -- 1 EG Model as a Whole -- 2 Two Circles -- 3 Equilateral Triangle -- 4 Symbol of Two Overlaying Circles -- 5 Relation Between the Two Circles and the Triangle -- 6 Theoretical Foundation of the EG Model -- 7 Internal Logic -- CHAPTER 3 Air Pollution Governance in Los Angeles Area -- 1 Political Profile of the United States -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks on Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Development of Environmental Ethic Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 Monitoring Air Pollutants -- 3.1.1.1 Establishment of the Air Quality Monitoring Network -- 3.1.1.2 Establishment of Community Air Protection Program -- 3.1.2 Regulation of Incinerators -- 3.1.3 Regulation of Transportation Sector -- 3.1.3.1 Study of Air Quality -- 3.1.3.2 California Air Resources Board -- 3.1.3.3 First Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Regulations -- 3.1.3.4 California's Smog Check Program -- 3.1.3.5 Low Emission Vehicles Program -- 3.1.3.6 SCAQMD Clean Fleets Program -- 3.1.3.7 Reducing Diesel Exhaust Pollution from Locomotive Transportation -- 3.1.3.8 Regulation of Gasoline -- 3.1.4 Regulation of Ports -- 3.1.4.1 Clean Air Action Plan (2006, 2017) -- 3.1.4.2 Important Elements for the Plan's Success -- 3.1.4.2.1 Action and Clear Responsibilities of the Responsible Agencies -- 3.1.4.2.2 San Pedro Bay Standards 3.1.4.2.3 Public Participation -- 3.1.5 Regulation of Building Industry -- 3.1.5.1 California Energy Code -- 3.1.5.2 California Green Building Standards Code -- 3.1.5.3 Energy Efficiency of Buildings -- 3.1.5.4 Economic Building Enterprises -- 3.1.5.5 Water Conservation Ordinance -- 3.1.5.6 Planning and Zoning Code -- 3.1.6 Regulation of Utility Sector -- 3.1.6.1 Power Plant Equipment Improvement and Emission Standards -- 3.1.6.2 Emission Permit System -- 3.1.6.3 Cleaning the Sources of Electricity -- 3.1.7 Regulation of Oil Refineries and Gas Stations -- 3.1.8 Public-Private Partnerships -- 3.1.8.1 Joint Research Council on Power Plant Air Pollution Control -- 3.1.8.2 Urban Forestry Projects -- 3.1.8.3 Partnership Between Government and Organizations-Green Business Certification -- 3.1.8.4 City Energy Project -- 3.1.8.5 Energy Efficiency and Solar Incentive Programs -- 3.1.9 Market-Based Regulations and Policies -- 3.1.9.1 Pollution Trading -- 3.1.9.2 Vehicle Labeling Requirements -- 3.1.9.3 Rebate Program -- 3.1.10 Voluntary Energy Efficiency Programs -- 3.1.10.1 Energy Star -- 3.1.10.2 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -- 3.1.10.3 Financial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.10.4 Nonfinancial Incentives of the Clean Vehicle Rebate Program -- 3.1.11 Governmental Environmental Education -- 3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 3.2.1 Supervision by Federal Government -- 3.2.2 Supervision by Nongovernmental Organizations -- 3.2.3 Supervision by Enterprises -- 3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Media Disclosure and Public Responses -- 3.3.2 NGOs' Participation in Litigations -- 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.2 Value Change of the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 4 Air Pollution Governance in BTH Area of China 1 Political Profile of China -- 2 Legal and Ethical Frameworks for Air Pollution Control -- 2.1 Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.1 National Framework -- 2.1.2 Local Framework -- 2.2 Ethical Framework -- 2.2.1 Traditional Chinese Environmental Ethics -- 2.2.2 Contemporary Stimulations from International Society -- 2.2.2.1 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment -- 2.2.2.2 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development -- 2.2.3 Contemporary Chinese Environmental Ethical Ideas -- 2.2.3.1 Scientific Outlook on Development -- 2.2.3.2 Ecological Civilization -- 2.2.3.3 Green Growth -- 2.2.4 Development of Environmental Ethics Since the 1950s -- 3 Political Relations in Air Pollution Governance -- 3.1 Relation of Regulation -- 3.1.1 National Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.1.1 Goals and Targets -- 3.1.1.2 Funding -- 3.1.1.3 Action Plans -- 3.1.1.4 Emission Trading -- 3.1.1.5 Assessment -- 3.1.2 Local Regulatory Measures -- 3.1.2.1 Local Regulations, Plans and Targets -- 3.1.2.2 Emission Permit -- 3.1.2.3 Improving Industrial Structure -- 3.1.2.4 Technology Innovation -- 3.1.2.5 Optimizing Energy Structure -- 3.1.2.6 Regulating of Major Polluting Sources -- 3.1.2.6.1 Automobiles -- 3.1.2.6.2 Port -- 3.1.2.6.3 Dusts -- 3.1.2.7 Phasing out Polluting Industries and Replacement of Employees -- 3.1.2.8 Ban of Open Burning -- 3.1.2.9 Law Enforcement -- 3.2 The Relation of Supervision on Regulators -- 3.2.1 The Supervision of the National Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.2 Supervision by the Local Peoples' Congresses -- 3.2.3 Ecological and Environmental Inspection -- 3.3 Relation on Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 3.3.1 Supervision by NGOs -- 3.3.1.1 Participating in Governmental Decision-Making Processes -- 3.3.1.2 Reporting -- 3.3.1.3 Public Interest Litigation -- 3.3.2 Supervision by News Media -- 3.3.3 The "Supervision" by Courts 4 Achievements and Challenges -- 4.1 Achievements -- 4.1.1 Optimization of Energy Structure and Energy Consumption -- 4.1.1.1 Nationally Optimization -- 4.1.1.2 Optimization in the BTH Area -- 4.1.2 Improvement of Air Quality -- 4.1.3 Air Pollution Governance -- 4.1.3.1 Regulatory Relation -- 4.1.3.2 Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 4.1.3.3 Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 4.2 Value Change in the Society -- 4.3 Challenges -- CHAPTER 5 Comparison and Findings -- 1 Macro Comparison -- 1.1 Correlation Between Political Profiles and Air Quality Improvement -- 1.2 Correlation Between Economic Structure and Air Quality Improvement -- 2 Micro Comparison -- 2.1 Comparison of Legal and Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.1 Comparison of Legal Frameworks -- 2.1.2 Comparison of Ethical Frameworks -- 2.1.2.1 Comparison of Historical Developments of Environmental Ethics in the United States and China -- 2.1.2.1.1 Peak Times -- 2.1.2.1.2 Evolutionary Trends -- 2.1.2.1.3 Driving Forces -- 2.1.3 Comparison of Value Change of Society -- 2.2 Comparison of Regulatory and Other Measures -- 2.2.1 Measures Categorized by Political Relations -- 2.2.2 Measures Categorized by Actors -- 2.2.3 Measures Categorized by Nature -- 2.2.4 Measures Categorized by Function -- 2.2.5 A Summary -- 2.3 Comparison of Governance Processes -- 2.3.1 Comparison of Relation of Regulation -- 2.3.2 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Regulators -- 2.3.3 Comparison of Relation of Supervision Over Enterprises and Other Polluters -- 2.3.4 A General Pattern of Air Pollution Governance -- CHAPTER 6 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index |
| title | A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| title_auth | A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| title_exact_search | A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| title_full | A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| title_fullStr | A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Tale of Two Cities a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
| title_short | A Tale of Two Cities |
| title_sort | a tale of two cities a comparison of air pollution governance in the los angeles area of the usa and the beijing tianjin hebei area of china |
| title_sub | a Comparison of Air Pollution Governance in the Los Angeles Area of the USA and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Area of China |
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