Seeing red: Russian propaganda and American news
"Donald Trump could be the greatest gift to the Russians in the history of propaganda. This is not because the Russians held secret information on him or manipulated him through some undetected network. Trump became a foreign asset because he produced both words and actions that could be used t...
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2024]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Donald Trump could be the greatest gift to the Russians in the history of propaganda. This is not because the Russians held secret information on him or manipulated him through some undetected network. Trump became a foreign asset because he produced both words and actions that could be used to attack democracy itself, a key strategic goal of the Russians. Trump consistently denies reality, vilifies the free media, and broadcasts disinformation. This opens the door for foreign disinformation to flow into the U.S. news, hidden in plain sight by Kremlin-style rhetoric from a U.S. president and amplified by the right-wing media. Through the 2020 election, the Stop the Steal conspiracy, and the Capitol insurrection, Russians found myriad ways to publicize the end of American democracy and the rise of Russia. The convergence of strategic narratives from a U.S. president and the Kremlin created historic opportunities for Russian information warfare. While Russian propaganda may have less opportunity to profit from the war in Ukraine, the struggles of U.S. democracy and traditional media empowered Russia's global narrative for the massive invasion in 2022. This elevation of Russian soft power could not have happened without Trump, who has been aided and abetted by politicians and U.S. outlets that favor propaganda over information." |
| Beschreibung: | viii, 205 Seiten Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780197696439 9780197696422 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV049776848 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20250115 | ||
| 007 | t| | ||
| 008 | 240711s2024 xx |||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9780197696439 |c pbk |9 978-0-19-769643-9 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780197696422 |c hbk |9 978-0-19-769642-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1466933235 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV049776848 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-521 |a DE-Re13 | ||
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Oates, Sarah |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1046435132 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Seeing red |b Russian propaganda and American news |c Sarah Oates and Gordon Neil Ramsay |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Russian propaganda and American news |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b Oxford University Press |c [2024] | |
| 300 | |a viii, 205 Seiten |b Diagramme |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a "Donald Trump could be the greatest gift to the Russians in the history of propaganda. This is not because the Russians held secret information on him or manipulated him through some undetected network. Trump became a foreign asset because he produced both words and actions that could be used to attack democracy itself, a key strategic goal of the Russians. Trump consistently denies reality, vilifies the free media, and broadcasts disinformation. This opens the door for foreign disinformation to flow into the U.S. news, hidden in plain sight by Kremlin-style rhetoric from a U.S. president and amplified by the right-wing media. Through the 2020 election, the Stop the Steal conspiracy, and the Capitol insurrection, Russians found myriad ways to publicize the end of American democracy and the rise of Russia. The convergence of strategic narratives from a U.S. president and the Kremlin created historic opportunities for Russian information warfare. While Russian propaganda may have less opportunity to profit from the war in Ukraine, the struggles of U.S. democracy and traditional media empowered Russia's global narrative for the massive invasion in 2022. This elevation of Russian soft power could not have happened without Trump, who has been aided and abetted by politicians and U.S. outlets that favor propaganda over information." | |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Trump, Donald |d 1946- |0 (DE-588)118834312 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Information warfare |0 (DE-588)4461975-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Massenmedien |0 (DE-588)4037877-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Desinformation |0 (DE-588)4252093-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Information warfare / Russia (Federation) | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Propaganda, Russian / United States | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Mass media and propaganda | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Mass media / Political aspects / United States | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Disinformation | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Fake news | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Political campaigns / United States / History / 21st century | |
| 653 | 2 | |a United States / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / United States | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Trump, Donald |d 1946- |0 (DE-588)118834312 |D p |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a USA |0 (DE-588)4078704-7 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Massenmedien |0 (DE-588)4037877-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Desinformation |0 (DE-588)4252093-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Information warfare |0 (DE-588)4461975-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ramsay, Gordon Neil |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1344930638 |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-0-19-769644-6 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-0-19-769646-0 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Gemischte Register |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20250115 | |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 070.9 |e 22/bsb |f 090513 |g 73 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 070.9 |e 22/bsb |f 090513 |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 090513 |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 090513 |g 73 |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035117901 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1822497701834522624 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents Acknowledgments vii 1. Introduction 1 2. American News in the 21st Century 27 3. Strategic Narratives: What Do the Russians Want? 53 4. U.S. 2020 Presidential Campaign Narratives and Russian Propaganda 81 5. Curating Chaos: Election Fraud Claims and the Capitol Insurrection 115 6. Russian Strategic Narratives and the War in Ukraine: From Neo-Nazis to NATO 142 7. Conclusions 172 References Index 183 201
References Aalberg, Torii, Jesper Strömbäck, and Claes H. de Vreese. 2012. “The Framing of Politics as Strategy and Game: A Review of Concepts, Operationalizations and Key Findings.” Journalism. 13 (2): 162-178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911427799 . Abernathy, Penny. 2022. “The State of Local News: The 2022 Report.” Localnewsinitiative. northwestern.edu. June 29. Accessed March 27,2023. https.7/localnewsinitiative.north western.edu/research/state-of-local-news/report/. Abrams, Abigail. 2019. “Here’s What We Know So Far About Russia’s 2016 Meddling.” Time.com. April 18. Accessed April 5, 2023. https.7/time.com/5565991/russia-influe nce-2016-election/. Ad Fontes Media, n.d. “Interactive Media Bias Chart.” Adfontesmedia.com. Accessed January 25,2023. https://adfontesmedia.com/interactive-media-bias-chart/. Allsides, n.d. “Media Bias Ratings" Allsides.com. Accessed April 3, 2023. https://www. allsides.com/media-bias/ratings. Antle, W. James. 2020. “Public Split on Whether Joe Biden Has Been Honest About Son Hunter’s Business Activities, Washington Examiner/YouGov Poll Finds.” Washingtonexaminer.com. October 21. Accessed April 11,2023. https ://www.washing tonexaminer.com/news/public-split-on-whether-joe-biden-has-been-honest-aboutson-hunters-business-activities-washington-examiner-yougov-poll- finds. Associated Press. 2021. “Transcript of Trump’s Speech at Rally Before US Capitol Riot.” USNews.com. January 13. Accessed April 27, 2O23.https://www. usnews.com/news/ politics/articles/2021-01-13/transcript-of-trumps-speech-at-rally-before-us-capi tol-riot. Atkeson, Lonna Rae,
Wendy L. Hansen, Maggie Toulouse Oliver, Cherie D. Maestas, and Eric C. Wiemer. 2022. “Should I Vote-by-Mail or in Person? The Impact of COVID19 Risk Factors and Partisanship on Vote Mode Decisions in the 2020 Presidential Election.” PLOS ONE. 17 (9): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274357. Atlantic Council. February 2023. Narrative Warfare: How the Kremlin and Russian News Outlets Justified a War of Aggression Against Ukraine. Washington, D.C.: Atlantic Council. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/NarrativeWarfare-Final.pdf. Bagdikian, Ben. 2004. The New Media Monopoly. Boston: Beacon Press. Baker, Peter. 2022'. “In Threatening Ukraine, Russia Pushes for a Realm Free from NATO.” The New York Times. January 10. Accessed April 26, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/ 2022/01/09/us/politics/russia-ukraine-james-baker.html. Baragona, Justin. 2020. “Right-Wing Media Stars Begin Pushing Conspiracy That Dems Infected Trump.” Thedailybeast.com. October 6. Accessed March 27, 2023. https:// www.thedailybeast.com/rush-limbaugh-and-newsmax-tv-host-greg-kelly-push-con spiracy-that-democrats-infected-trump. Barnett, Brooke, and Laura Roselle. 2008. “Patriotism in the News: ‘Rally Round the Flag.”’ Electronic News. 2 (1): 10-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312430701807713.
184 REFERENCES Bauder, David. 2021. “Journalists Recount Harrowing Attacks amid Capitol Riot.” APNews.com. January 8. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/don ald-trump-new-york-journalists-media-social-media-cba6bd7b93be0adelda714a32 c33d74c. Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. 2018. Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, Hal Roberts, and Ethan Zuckerman. 2017. “Study: BreitbartLed Right-Wing Media Ecosystem Altered Broader Media Agenda.” CJR.org. March 3. Accessed March 31,2023. https://www.cjr.org/analysis/breitbart-media-trump-harv ard-study.php. Bennett, W. Lance. 2016. News: The Politics of Illusion. 10th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Blake, Aaron. 2022. “What Rand Paul’s Russia Exchange with Antony Blinken Was Really About.” The Washington Post. April 27. Accessed October 16, 2023. https://www.was hingtonpost.com/politics/2022/04/27/paul-nato-blinken/. Blinova, Ekaterina. 2020. “What’s Really Behind Trump’s Legal Team’s Strategy Do His Lawyers Believe in Victory?” Sputniknews.com. November 17. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201117/whats-really-behind-trumps-legal-teamsstrategy--do-his-lawyers-believe-in-victory-1081194580.html. Boczkowski, Pablo J., and Eugenia Mitchelstein. 2013. The News Gap: When the Information Preferences of the Media and the Public Diverge. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Boghardt, Thomas. 2009. “Soviet Bloc Intelligence and Its AIDS Disinformation Campaign.” Studies in
Intelligence. 53 (4): 1-24. Bokat-Lindell, Spencer. 2022. “Is More War the Only Path to Peace in Ukraine?” The New York Times. May 4. Accessed October 16, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/ 05/04/opinion/peace-ukraine.html. Bollfrass, Alexander K., and Stephen Herzog. 2022. “The War in Ukraine and Global Nuclear Order.” Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 64 (4): 7-32. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00396338.2022.2103255. Borger, Julian. 2020. ‘“Wildly inappropriate’: VOA Purge Continues as Foreign Journalists’ Visas Not Renewed.” Theguardian.com. July 10. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www. theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/10/wildly-inappropriate-voa-purge-continues-asforeign-journalists-visas-cancelledv. Borshchevskaya, Anna. 2023. “Russia’s Disinformation Machine Has a Middle East Advantage.” Foreignpolicy.com. March 23. Accessed April 30, 2023. https.7/foreignpol icy.com/2023/03/23/russia-ukraine-war-disinformation-middle-east-rt-sputnik- arabic/. Bossie, David. 2020. “Trump Clearly Defeats Biden in First Presidential Debate.” Foxnews, com. September 30. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/davidbossie-trump-clearly-defeats-biden-in-first-presidential-debate. Bradshaw, Samantha, and Philip N. Howard. 2019. “The Global Disinformation Disorder: 2019 Global Inventory of Organised Social Media Manipulation.” Working Paper 2019. Oxford: Project on Computational Propaganda. Brandenburg V. Ohio. 1969.492 U.S. 444 (U.S. Supreme Court. 1969). https://supreme.jus tia.com/cases/federal/us/395/444/. Brandt, Jessica, Bret Schafer, Valerie Wirtschafter, and Peter
Benzoni. September 2023. Echoes Across the Airwaves: How Kremlin Narratives About Ukraine Spread (or Don’t)
REFERENCES 185 on U.S. Political Podcasts. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. https://www. brookings.edu/articles/echoes-across-the-airwaves. Brenan, Megan. 2022. “Americans’ Trust in Media Remains Near Record Low.” Gallup, com. October 18. Accessed May 1,2023. https://news.gallup.com/poll/403166/americ ans-trust-media-remains-near-record-low.aspx. British Broadcasting Corporation. 2022. BBC Group Annual Report and Accounts 2021/ 22. BBC.co.uk. Accessed March 24, 2023. https://downloads.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/ reports/annualreport/ara-2021-22.pdf. Bucay, Yemile, Vittoria Elliott, Jennie Kamin, and Andrea Parik. 2017. “Americas Growing News Deserts.” CJR.org. May 8. Accessed April 27, 2023. https://www.cjr.org/local_n ews/american-news-deserts-donuts-local.php. Burunov, Oleg. 2020. “CIA Head Gina Haspel ‘Should Be Fired’ over Election Software ‘Glitches,’ Trump Lawyer Says.” Sputniknews.com. November 16. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201116/cia-head-gina-haspel-should-be-firedover-election-software-glitches-trump-lawyer-says-1081181430.html . Cappella, Joseph, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 1997. Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good. New York: Oxford University Press. Card, Dallas, Amber E. Boydstun, Justin H. Gross, Philip Resnik, and Noah A. Smith. 2015. “The Media Frames Corpus: Annotations of Frames Across Issues.” Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers): 438-444.
https://aclanthology.org/P15-2072/ . Carlson, Matt. 2016. “The Question of Objectivity in the 2016 Presidential Election.” In US Election Analysis 2016: Media, Voters and the Campaign, edited by Darren Lilleker, Daniel Jackson, Einar Thorsen and Anastasia Veneti. Bournemouth, UK: Centre for the Study of Journalism, Culture Community, Bournemouth University, 11. Carlson, Matt, Sue Robinson, and Seth C. Lewis. 2021. News After Trump: Journalism’s Crisis ofRelevance in a Changed Media Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Carlson, Tucker. 2022. “Everything That Tulsi Gabbard Said About Biolabs in Ukraine Is True.” Foxnews.com. March 14. Access April 22,2022. https://www.foxnews.com/opin ion/tucker- everything- tulsi-gabbard- said- true. Carnevale, Anthony P., and Emma Wenzinger. 2022. Stop the Presses: Journalism Employment and the Economic Value of850 Journalism and Communication Programs. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. http://cew.georgetown.edu/journalism. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.d. “CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline.” CDC.gov. Accessed March 10, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covi dl9.html. Chegodaeva, Sofia. 2020. “Senate Majority Leader Rep. Mitch McConnell Congratulates Biden on Winning Presidential Election.” Sputniknews.com. December 15. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201215/senate-majority-leader-repmitch-mcconnell-congratulates-biden-on-winning-presidential-election-1081469 878.html. Cillizza, Chris. 2020. “Donald Trump Is Now Openly Begging for Votes.” CNN.com.
October 14. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/14/politics/ 2020-election-donald-trump-suburban-women-voters/index.html. Clark, Neil. 2020. “Masking Their Deficiencies—Why Biden and the Democrats Deserve to Lose in November.” Sputniknews.com. September 2. Accessed March 22, 2023.
186 REFERENCES https://sputniknews.com/columnists/202009021080350348-masking-their-deficienc ies—why-biden-and-the-democrats-deserve-to-lose-in-november/. Clinton, Hillary. 2022. “Madeline Albright Warned Us, and She Was Right.” The New York Times. March 27. Accessed April 26,2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/25/opin ion/madeleine-albright-secretary-of-state.html. CNN. 2023. “CNN Worldwide Fact Sheet.” CNNpressroom.blogs.CNN.com. February 2023. Accessed March 31, 2023. https://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/cnn-factsheet/#. Cochrane, Emily. 2020. “Republican Congressional Leaders Remain Silent on Biden Victory as Trump Refuses to Concede.” The New York Times. November 8. Accessed March 9,2023. https://www.nytimes.eom/2020/l 1/08/us/elections/republican-congre ssional-leaders-remain-silent-on-biden-victory-as-trump-refuses- to-concede.html. Cohen, Marshall, Oliver Darcy, and Zachary Cohen. 2020. “How Team Trump Used Fox News as a Laundromat for Unverified Russian Information About Top Democrats.” CNN.com. October 10. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/ll/ politics/fbx-news-ratcliffe-russia-intelligence/index.html. Comcast Corporation. 2022. Annual Report 2022. Cmcsa.com. https://www.cmcsa.com/ Static-files/156da323-653e-4cc6-9bb4-d239937e9d2f. Committee to Protect Journalists. N.d. “58 Journalists Killed in Russia Between 1992 and 2023.” New York: Committee to Project Journalists. Accessed April 27, 2023. https:// cpj.org/data/killed/europe/russia/?status=Killed8 motiveConfirmed%5B%5D= Confirmed type%5B%5D=Journalist cc_fips%5B%5D=RS start_year=1992 end_
year=2023 group_by=location. Corporation for Public Broadcasting. 2023. Combined Financial Statements and Report of Independent Certified Public Accountants. CPB.org. Accessed March 24, 2023. https:// cpb.org/sites/default/files/aboutcpb/financials/audited/cpb_combinedstatements_fy2 022.pdf. Cortes, Corinna, and Vladimir Vapnik. 1995. “Support-Vector Networks.” Machine Learning. 20:273-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994018. Crilley, Rhys, Marie Gillespie, Bertie Vigden, and Alistair Willis. 2022. “Understanding RT s Audiences: Exposure Not Endorsement for Twitter Followers of Russian StateSponsored Media.” The International Journal ofPress/Politics. 27 (1): 1-23. https://doi. org/10.1177/1940161220980692. Cummings, William, Joey Garrison, and Jim Sergent. 2021. “By the Numbers: President Donald Trumps Failed Efforts to Overturn the Election.” Usatoday.com. January 6. Accessed March 9, 2023. https://eu.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/politics/elections/ 2021/01/06/trumps-failed-efforts-overturn-election-numbers/4130307001/. Cunningham, Finian. 2020a. “Russia’s Threat. of Peace.” Sputniknews.com. October 26. Accessed March 22,2023. https://sputniknews.com/columnists/202010261080881 386-russias-threat-of-peace/. Cunningham, Finian. 2020b. “Trump and Dems Take Turns Playing ‘Russian Card’— Which Only Proves It’s the Joker.” RT.com. August 28. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.rt.com/op-ed/499346-trump-dems-russian-card/. Darcy, Oliver. 2022. "RT America Ceases Productions and Lays Off Most of Its Staff.” CNN.com. March 3. Accessed April 30, 2023,
https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/03/ media/rt-america-layoffs/index.html. Davis, Mark. 2019. “A New, Online Culture War? The Communication World of Breitbart, com.” Communication Research and Practice. 5 (3): 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 22041451.2018.1558790.
REFERENCES 187 Department of Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, 2012. Leveson Inquiry—Report into the Culture, Practices and Ethics of the Press. London: HMSO. Deutsche Welle. 2016. “Dont Politicize Teen ‘Rape,’ Berlin Asks Moscow.” DW.com. January 27. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www.dw.com/en/germany-warns-russiaagainst-using-teen-rape-case-for-political-ends/a-19007807. Drenon, Brandon. 2023. “How Much Money Has the US Given to Ukraine?” BBC.com/ news. February 21. Accessed April 30,2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-can ada-64656301. Dunaway, Johanna, and Regina G. Lawrence. 2015. “What Predicts the Game Frame? Media Ownership, Electoral Context, and Campaign News.” Political Communication. 32 (I): 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.880975; Dunn, Amina. 2023. “As Russian Invasion Nears One-Year Mark, Partisans Grow Further Apart on U.S. Support for Ukraine.” Pewresearch.org. January 31. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/01/31/as-russian-invasionnears-one-year-mark-partisans-grow-further-apart-on-u-s-suppört-for-ukraine/ . Eady, Gregory, Tom Paskhalis, Jan Zilinsky, Richard Bonneau, Jonathan Nagler, and Joshua A. Tucker. 2023. “Exposure to the Russian Internet Research Agency Foreign Influence on Twitter in the 2016 US Election and Its Relationship to Attitudes and Voting Behavior.” Nature Communications. 14, Article number 62: 1-11. https://www. nature.com/articles/s41467-022-35576-9. Edmondson, Catie, Marc Santora, Jenny Gross, Neil Vigdor, and Michael Cooper. 2020. “More Republicans Assail Trump’s False Claims of
Election Fraud, While Others Defend Them.” Nytimes.com. November 6. Accessed March 9, 2023. https://www.nyti mes.com/2020/ll/06/us/elections/more-republicans-assail-trumps-false-claims-ofelection-fraud-while-others-defend-them.html. Edmondson, Catie and Edward Wong. 2020. “With Push from Trump, Senate Moves to Install Contentious Filmmaker at U.S. Media Agency.” Nytimes.com. May 8. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www.nytimes.corn/2020/05/08/us/politics/michael-packvoa.html. Ekimenko, Svetlana. 2020. “Independent Probe Claims FBI Showing ‘Proactive Interest’ in Pursuing Allegations of Voter Fraud.” Sputniknews.com. November 30. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201130/independent-probe-claimsfbi-showing-proactive-interest-in-pursuing-allegations-of-voter-fraud- 1081314 312.html. Elswah, Mona, and Philip Μ. Howard. 2020. ‘“Anything That Causes Chaos’: The Organizational BehaviourofRussiaToday (RT).”/ourMa/o/CommuniCUtion. 70 (5): 623645. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa027. Entman, Robert Μ. 1993. “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” Journal of Communication 43 (4): 51-58. https://doi.Org/10.llll/j.1460-2466.1993. tbO 1304.x. Entman, Robert Μ. 2003. “Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House’s Frame After 9/11.” Political Communication 20 (4): 415-432. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846 00390244176. Federal Communications Commission. 1974. Fairness Report. 39 Fed. Reg. 26372 (1974). Feierstein, Mitchell. 2020. “US Political Discourse Is so Toxic Divided That Friends of 30 Years No Longer Talk to Me. The America I Loved Has Gone
Forever.” RT.com. October 1. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.rt.com/op-ed/502235-us-politicstoxic-civil-war/.
188 REFERENCES Fleitz, Fred. 2020. ‘‘Report Claims Hillary OK’d Effort to Defeat Trump in 2016 with False Russia Collusion Charge.” Foxnews.com. October 1. Accessed March 22,2023. https:// www.foxnews.com/opinion/hillary-clinton-trump-russia-collusion. Flint, Joe. 2023. “Surge in Newsmax Ratings Shook Fox News, Then Faded.” The Wall Street Journal. March 16. Accessed April 20,2023. https://www.wsj.com/articles/surgein-newsmax-ratings-shook-fox-news-then-faded-59ele373. Flood, Brian. 2020. “Twitter Slaps Trump Tweet with Another Disclaimer Claiming ‘Voting by Mail Is Safe and Secure.’” Foxnews.com. October 7. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.foxnews.com/media/twitter-slaps-trump-tweet-with-another-dis claimer. Fox Corporation. 2022. Annual Report 2022. Media.foxcorporation.com. Accessed March 31, 2023. https://media.foxcorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/prod/2022/ 09/19142833/FOX-2022-Annual-Report_Final_Web.pdf. Gaber, Ivor, and Rodney Tiffen. 2018. “Politics and the Media in Australia and the United Kingdom: Parallels and Contrasts.” Media International Australia. 167 (1): 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X18766721. Galeotti, Mark. 2017. Controlling Chaos: How Russia Manages Its Political War in Europe. Berlin: European Council on Foreign Relations. Gao, Pengjie, Chang Lee, and Dermot Murphy. 2018. Financing Dies in Darkness? The Impact of Newspaper Closures on Public Finance. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. Garcia-Navarro, Lulu, Thomas L. Friedman, Ross Douthan, and Yara Bayomy. 2022. “Four Times Opinion Writers on War in Ukraine: ‘It Is Very Clear Putin
Has No Plan B.’” Nytimes.com. March 2. Accessed on April 26, 2023.https://www.nytimes.com/ 2022/03/02/opinion/war-ukraine-putin.html. Gatov, Vasily. 2015. “Russia’s Stalinist Diplospeak.” Thedailybeast.com. July 25. Accessed April 17,2023. https://www.thedailybeast.com/russias-stalinist-diplospeak . Geydarova, Asya. 2020. “General Services Administration Tells Biden Transition Can Formally Begin.” Sputniknews.com. November 23. Accessed March 27, 2023. https:// sputniknews.com/20201123/general-services-administration-reportedly-tells-bidentransition-can-formally-begin-1081254104.html. Gibbons-Neff, Thomas. 2023. “Nazi Symbols on Ukraine’s Front Lines Highlight Thorny Issues of History.” The New York Times. June 7. Accessed 28, 2023. https://www.nyti mes.com/2023/06/05/world/europe/nazi-symbols-ukraine.htmI. Giles, Keir. 2016. Handbook of Russian Information Warfare. Rome: NATO Defense College. Gorbachev, Max. 2020. “More Voters Believe Joe Biden Was Engaged in Corruption as Situation Heats Up Before Election.” Sputniknews.com. October 30. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://sputniknews.eom/20201030/more-voters-believe-joe-biden-wasengaged-in-corruption-as-situation-heats-up-before-election-1080931762.html. Gottfried, Jeffrey, Michael Barthel and Amy Mitchell. 2017. “Trump, Clinton Voters Divided in Their Main Source for Election News.” Pewresearch.org. January 18. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2017/01/18/trumpclinton-voters-divided-in-their-main-source-for-election-news/. Graber, Doris, and Johanna L. Dunaway. 2005. Mass Media and American
Politics, seventh edition. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Grieco, Elizabeth, Nami Sumida, and Sophia Fedeli. 2018. “About a third of large U.S. newspapers have suffered layoffs since 2017.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. July 23. Accessed April 27, 2023.https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/
REFERENCES 189 2018/07/23/about-a-third-of-large-u-s-newspapers-have-suffered-layoffs-since2017/. Groeling, Tim. 2008. “Who’s the Fairest of Them All? An Empirical Test for Partisan Bias on ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox News.” Presidential Studies Quarterly. 38 (4): 631-657. https://doi.Org/10.llll/j.1741-5705.2008.02668.x. Hallin, Daniel, and Paolo Mancini. 2004. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Halverson, Jeffrey R., H. L. Goodall Jr., and Steven R. Corman. 2011. Master Narratives of Islamist Extremism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Harcup, Tony and Deirdre O’Neill. 2017. “What Is News? News Values Revisited (Again).” Journalism Studies. 18 (12): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193. Harris, Shane, Ellen Nakashima, Greg Miller, and Josh Dawsey. 2020. “White House Was Warned Giuliani Was Target of Russian Intelligence Operation to Feed Misinformation to Trump.” Wahsingtonpost.com. October 15. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www. washingtonpost.com/national-security/giuliani-biden-ukraine-russian-disinformat ion/2020/10/15/43158900-0ef5-11 eb-b le8- 16b59b92b36d_story.html. Hearns-Branaman, Jesse Owen. 2016. Journalism and the Philosophy of Truth: Beyond Objectivity and Balance. London: Routledge. Heese, Jonas, Gerardo Pérez-Cavazos, and Caspar David Peter. 2022. “When the Local Newspaper Leaves Town: The Effects of Local Newspaper Closures on Corporate Misconduct.” Journal of Financial Economics. 145 (2): 445-463. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.08.015. Helmus, Todd C„ Elizabeth Bodine-
Baron, Andrew Radin, Madeline Magnuson, Joshua Mendelsohn, William Marcellino, Adnriy Bega, and Zev Winkelman. 2018. Russian Social Media Influence: Understanding Russian Propaganda in Eastern Europe. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Herd, Graeme P. 2016. “Russian Information Operations Seek Strategic Realignment in Europe.” The Concordian: Journal of European Security and Defense Issues (Special Edition): 6-13. Herman, Edward S., and Noam Chomsky. 1988. Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon. Higgins, Tucker. 2020. “Obama Response to 2016 Russian Election Meddling Had ‘Many Flaws,’ Senate Report Finds.” CNBC.com. February 6. Accessed April 5, 2023. https:// www.cnbc.com/2020/02/06/obama-response-to-2016-russian-meddling-had-manyflaws-senate-report.html. Hill, Fiona, and Angela Stent. 2022. “The World Putin Wants: How Distortions About the Past Feed Delusions About the Future.” Foreign Affairs 103 (5): 108-123. Hinck, Robert S., Skye C. Cooley, and Randolph Klüver. 2020. Global Media and Strategic Narratives of Contested Democracy: Chinese, Russian, and Arabic Media Narratives of the U.S. Presidential Elections. New York: Routledge. Hinck, Robert S., Randolph Klüver, and Skye Cooley. 2018. “Russia Re-Envisions the World: Strategic Narratives in Russian Broadcast and News Media During 2015.” Russian Journal of Communication 10 (1): 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/19409 419.2017.1421096. Hoffman, Frank G. 2007. Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise ofHybrid Wars. Arlington, VA: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. Holmstrom,
Miranda. 2015. “The Narrative and Social Media.” Defence Strategic Communications: The Official Journal of the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence. 1 (1): 118-133.
190 REFERENCES Horwitz, Jeff. 2021. “The Facebook Whistleblower, Frances Haugen, Says She Wants to Fix the Company, Not Harm It.” WSJ.com. October 3. Accessed April 28,2023. https:// www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-whistleblower-frances-haugen-says-she-wants-tofix-the-company-not-harm-it-11633304122. Howard, Philip N„ Bharath Ganesh, Dimitra Liotsiou, John Kelly, and Camille François. 2018. The IRA, Social Media and Political Polarization in the United States, 2012-2018. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute. Hsu, Tiffany. 2022. “The Sandy Hook Defamation Cases Have Put Alex Jones’s Finances Under Scrutiny.” Nytimes.com. August 5. Accessed April 8, 2023. https://www.nyti mes.com/2022/08/05/us/alex-jones-finances.html. Infowars.com. 2023. “Russia Wont Play by the ‘Rules’ Imposed by West—Putin.” Infowars, com. April 29. Accessed April 30,2023. https://www.infowars.com/posts/russia-wontplay-by-rules-imposed-by-west-putin/. Inskeep, Steve. 2021. “Timeline: What Trump Told Supporters for Months Before They Attacked.” NPR.org. February 8. Accessed March 8, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2021/ 02/08/965342252/timeline-what-trump-told-supporters-for-months-before-theyattacked. Iyengar, Shanto. 1996. “Framing Responsibility for Political Issues.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 546: 59-70. https://www.jstor.org/ stable/1048170. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. 2018. Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President— What We Don’t, Can’t, and Do Know. New York: Oxford University Press. Justwan, Florian, and Ryan D. Williamson. 2022. “Trump and Trust:
Examining the Relationship Between Claims of Fraud and Citizen Attitudes.” PS: Political Science Politics. 55 (3): 462-469. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096522000221 . Kaczynski, Andrew, Chris Massie, and Nathan McDermott. 2017. “80 Times Trump Talked About Putin.” CNN.com. March 2017. Accessed April 17,2023. https.7/edition. cnn.com/interactive/2017/03/politics/trump-putin-russia-timeline/. Kalmoe, Nathan P., and Lilliana Mason. 2019. Lethal Mass Partisanship: Prevalence, Correlates, and Electoral Contingencies. Washington, D.C.: National Capital Area American Political Science Association American Politics Meeting. Kanno-Youngs, Zolan. 2020. “Warnings of Russian Efforts Against Biden Were Blocked.” Nytimes.com. September 3. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/ 2020/09/02/us/politics/trump-biden-russia-election.html. Kami, Annie, and Maggie Haberman. 2020. “Fox’s Arizona Call for Biden Flipped the Mood at Trump Headquarters.” Nytimes.com. November 16. Accessed March 9,2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/ll/04/us/politics/trump-fox-news-arizona.html . Kessler, Glenn, Meg Kelly, Salvador Rizzo, Leslie Shapiro, and Lee Dominguez. 2021. “A Term of Untruths.” Washingtonpost.com. January 23. Accessed April 8, 2023. https:// www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2021/timeline-trump-claims-aspresident/?itid=lk_inline_manual_10. Kessler, Glenn, and Salvador Rizzo. 2020. “President Trump’s False Claims of Vote Fraud: A Chronology.” Washingtonpost.com. November 5. Accessed March 8, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/ll/05/president-trumps-false-cla
ims-vote-fraud-chronology/. Kiderra, Inga. 2022. “Partisan Gap on Trust in U.S. Elections Has Grown Even Wider, Survey Finds.” San Diego: University of California San Diego. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://today.ucsd.edu/story/yankelovich-center-survey-trust-in-us-elections-2022 .
REFERENCES 191 Kivimäki, Veli-Pekka. 2014. “Russian State Television Shares Fake Images of MH17 Being Attacked.” Bellingcat.com. November 14, 2014. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www. bellingcat.com/news/2014/ll/14/russian-state-television-shares-fake-images-of- mhl7-being-attacked/. Kolga, Marcus. 2019. Stemming the Virus: Understanding and Responding to the Threat of Russian Disinformation. Ottawa, ON: Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Kovach, Bill, and Tom Rosenstiel. 2001. The Elements of Journalism: What Newspeople Should Know and the Public Should Expect. New York: Three Rivers Press. Kramer, Mark. 2009. “The Myth of a No-NATO-Enlargement Pledge to Russia.” The Washington Quarterly 32 (2): 39-61. DOI: 10.1080/01636600902773248. Lachlan, Kenneth A., Patric R. Spence, and Matthew Seeger. 2016. “Terrorist Attacks and Uncertainty Reduction: Media Use After September 11.” Behavioural Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression. 1 (2): 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/1943447090 2771683. Laruelle, Marlene. 2019. “Mirror Games? Ideological Resonances Between Russian and U.S. Radical Conservatism.” In Contemporary Russian Conservatism: Problems, Paradoxes, and Perspectives, edited by Mikhail Suslov and Dmitry Uzlaner. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 177-204. Laruelle, Marlene. 2021. Is Russia Fascist?: Unraveling Propaganda East and West. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Lawrence, Regina G. 2001. “Game-Framing the Issues: Tracking the Strategy Frame in Public Policy News.” Political Communication. 17 (2): 93-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 105846000198422. Leskovec, Jure,
Lars Backstrom, and Jon Kleinberg. 2009. “Meme-Tracking and Dynamics of the News Cycle.” Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Paris, France. Letterman, Clark. 2018. Image of Putin, Russia Suffers Internationally. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Levine, Sam. 2023. ‘“Dominion wins but the public loses’: Fox Settlement Avoids Paying the Highest Price.” Theguardian.com. April 18. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www. theguardian.com/us-news/2023/apr/18/dominion-wins-but-the-public-loses-fox-set tlement-avoids-paying-the-highest-price. Li, Yuan. 2022. “Why the Chinese Internet Is Cheering Russia’s Invasion.” Nytimes.com. February 28. Accessed April 26,2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/27/business/ china-russia-ukraine-invasion.html. Liedke, Jacob, and Jeffrey Gottfried. 2022. “U.S. Adults Under 30 Now Trust Information from Social Media Almost as Much as from National News Outlets.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. October 27. Accessed April 28, 2023. https://www.pewr esearch.org/short-reads/2022/10/27/u-s-adults-under-30-now-trust-informationfrom-social-media-almost-as-much-as-from-national-news-outlets/ . Lokot, Tetyana. 2021. Beyond the Protest Square: Digital Media and Augmented Dissent. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield. Looney, Dennis, and Natalia Lusin. 2018. Enrollments in Languages Other Than English in United States Institutions of Higher Education. New York: Modern Languages Association of America. Malic, Nebojsa. 2020. “Battle for the Soul of America? That’s Turning Out to Be True, but Not
in the Way Joe Biden Intended.” RT.com. November 2. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.rt.com/op-ed/505303-battle-soul-america-election/.
192 REFERENCES Martin, Alexander. 2022. “Ukraine Invasion: Facebook and Instagram to Block RT and Sputnik in the UK Following Government Request.” News.sky.com. March 4. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://news.sky.com/story/ukraine-invasion-facebook-and-instag ram-to-block-rt-and-sputnik-in-the-uk-following-government-request-12557469. Mascaro, Lisa, and Farnoush Amiri. 2023. “McCarthy Defends Giving Tucker Carlson Jan. 6 Trove Access.” APNews.com. February 28. Accessed May 1,2023. https://apnews. com/article/jan-6-capitol-riot-mccarthy-tucker-carlson-50a41c27108279a448682 3a5db284dcl. McFaul, Michael. 2022. “Vladimir Putin Does Not Think Like We Do.” The Washington Post. February 18. Accessed October 16,2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opini ons/2022/01/26/vladimir-putin-does-not-think-like-we-do/. Meaney, Thomas. 2022. “The Return of ‘the West.”’ The New York Times. March 13. Accessed October 16, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/ll/opinion/nato-rus sia-the-west-ukraine.html. Mearsheimer, John J. 2014. “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delusions That Provoked Putin.” Foreign Affairs 93 (5): 77-89. Meister, Stefan. 2016. “The ‘Lisa Case’: Germany as a Target of Russian Disinformation.” NATO.int. July 25. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www.nato.int/docu/review/ articles/2016/07/25/the-lisa-case-germany-as-a-target-of-russian-disinformation/ index.html. Miskimmon, Alister, Ben O’Loughlin, and Laura Roselle, eds. 2017. Forging the World: Strategic Narratives and International Relations. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. Mitchell, Amy, Jeffrey
Gottfried, Michael Barthel, and Nami Sumida. 2018. “Distinguishing Between Factual and Opinion Statements in the News.” Pewresearch, org. June 18. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/ 2018/06/18/distinguishing-between-factual-and-opinion-statements-in.-the-news/. Moore, Martin. 2018. Democracy Hacked: Political Turmoil and Information Warfare in the Digital Age. London: Perlego Books. Moore, Martin, and Thomas Colley. 2022. “Two International Propaganda Models: Comparing RT and CGTN’s 2020 US Election Coverage.” Journalism Practice. Online Publication: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2022.2086157. Morris, Jonathan, S. 2005. “The Fox News Factor.” International Journal of Press/Politics. 10(3): 56-79. https://doi.Org/10.l 177/1081180X05279264. Morrow, Allison. 2022. “How Much Is Vladimir Putin Worth? Almost No One Knows ■ for Sure.” Edition.CNN.com. February 28. Accessed April 5,2023. https://edition.cnn. com/2022/02/28/business/vladimir-putin-wealth-sanctions/index.html. Mueller, Robert S. III. 2019. Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice. Accessed April 12,2023. https://www.justice.gov/archives/sco/file/1373816/download. Mullin, Benjamin. 2022. “Profits Slump at CNN as Ratings Plummet.” Nytimes.com. August 2. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/02/business/ media/cnn-profit-chris-licht.html. Murphy, Chris. 2020. “Sen. Murphy: The American People Need to Know the Facts About Russia’s Interference in the US Election.”
CNN.com. October 26. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/26/opinions/russian-interference-election-mur phy/index.html.
REFERENCES 193 Murray, Mark. 2022. "Poll: 61% of Republicans Still Believe Biden Didn’t Win Fair and Square in 2020.” NBCnews.com. September 27. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www. nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/poll-61-republicans-still-believebiden-didnt-win-fair-square-2020-rcna49630. Myers, Stephen Lee, and Stuart A. Thompson. 2022. “For Putin, ‘Truth’ Is Just Another Front Line.” The New York Times. March 22. Accessed April 26,2023. https://www.nyti mes.eom/2022/03/20/world/asia/russia-putin-propaganda-media.html. Nagourney, Adam, and Jim Rutenberg. 2020. “Trump, Attacking the Democratic Process, Falsely Says He Won.” Nytimes.com. November 4. Accessed March 9, 2023. https:// www.nytimes.com/2020/11/03/us/elections/trump-attacking-the-democratic-proc ess-falsely-says-he-won.html. Nelson, Jacob L., and Seth C. Lewis. 2022. “The Structures That Shape News Consumption: Evidence from the Early Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journalism 23 (12): 2495-2512. https://doi.org/10.1177/14648849221095335. New York Times. 2023. “Redacted Documents in Dominion Fox News Case.” Int.nyt.com. Accessed March 23, 2023. https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/redacted-docume nts-in-dominion-fox-news-case/dca5e3880422426f/full.pdf. Newman, Nic, Richard Fletcher, Craig T. Robertson, Kirsten Eddy, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen. 2022. Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2022. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Nimmo, Ben. 2015. Anatomy of an Info-War: How Russia’s Propaganda Machine Works, And How to Counter It. Brussels: Central European Policy Institute. Noam,
Eli. 2018. “Beyond the Mogul: From Media Conglomerates to Portfolio Media.” Journalism 19 (8): I096-1130.https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917725941. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 2023. NATO-Russia Relations: The Facts. April 20. https://web.archive.org/web/20231218051122/https://www.nato.int/cps/en/ natohq/topics_l 11767.htm#Myth. Last accessed February 13,2024. Nussbaum, Matthew. 2018. “A Look Back at Trump’s Statements on Whether Russia Meddled in the Election.” Politico.com. July 13. Accessed April 11, 2020. https://www. politico.com/story/2018/07/13/trump-statements-russia-meddling-719281 . Nye, Joseph. 1990. “Soft Power.” Foreign Policy. 80 (Autumn): 153-171. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/1148580. Oates, Sarah. 2007. “The Neo-Soviet Model of the Media.” Europe-Asia Studies. 59 (8): 1279-1297. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20451453. Oates, Sarah, Joseph Barrow, and Bobbie Foster. 2018. From .Network to Narrative: Understanding the Nature and Trajectory of Russian Disinformation in the U.S. News. Paper presented at International Journal of Press/Politics Conference, Oxford. Oates, Sarah, and John Gray. 2019. #Kremlin: Using Hashtags to Analyze Russian Disinformation Strategy and Dissemination on Twitter. Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. https://papers.ssrn. com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3445180. Oates, Sarah, Olya Gurevich, Christopher Walker, Danielle Deibler, and Jesse Anderson. 2020. Sharing a Playbook?: The Convergence of Russian and U.S. Narratives About Joe Biden. Paper presented at the American
Political Science Association Annual Meeting. https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/apsa/article-details/5f56826clle5c800121844be. Oates, Sarah, Doowan Lee, and David Knickerbocker. 2022. Data Analysis of Russian Disinformation Supply Chains: Finding Propaganda in the U.S. Media Ecosystem in Real
194 REFERENCES Time. Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4218316 . Oates, Sarah, Lynda Lee Kaid, and Mike Berry. 2010. Terrorism, Elections, and Democracy: Political Campaigns in the United States, Great Britain, and Russia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Oates, Sarah, and Wendy W. Moe. 2017. “Donald Trump and the Oxygen of Publicity’: Branding, Social Media, and Traditional Media.” In The Presidency and Social Media: Discourse, Disruption, and Digital Democracy in the 2016 Presidential Election, edited by Dan Schill, John Allen Hendricks, and Thomas E. Patterson, Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Oates, Sarah, Gordon Ramsay, Olya Gurevich, Danielle Deibler, and David Rubenstein. 2021. Nyetwork News: The Convergence of the Russophobia Narrative in Russian Propaganda and Fox News in Election 2020. Paper presented at the American Political Science Association Annual Meeting (virtual), https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.3934064. Oates, Sarah, and Sean Steiner. 2018. "Projecting Power: Understanding Russian Strategic Narrative.” Russian Analytical Digest. 229 (October 2018): 2-5. https://css.ethz.ch/ content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/RAD 229.pdf. OECD. 2022. “Disinformation and Russia’s War of Aggression Against Ukraine.” OECD, org. November 3. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.oecd.org/ukraine-hub/pol icy-responses/disinformation-and-russia-s-war-of-aggression-against-ukraine37186bde/. O’Grady, Siobhan, John Hudson, David L.
Stern, and Ellen Nakashima. 2022. “Ukrainians Resist Russian Onslaught as Tanks and Planes Dig Deeper Toward Kyiv.” The Washington Post. February 25. Accessed October 21, 2023. https://www.washingtonp ost.com/national-security/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-friday-invasion-overview/ . O’Hare, Rachel Buchanan. 2020. American Journalism and the Deviant Voter: Analyzing and Improving Coverage of the Electorate in the Trump Era. Doctoral Dissertation. College Park, University of Maryland. Orttung, Robert W, and Elizabeth Nelson. 2019. “Russia Today’s Strategy and Effectiveness on YouTube.” Post-Soviet Affairs. 35 (2): 77-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 1060586X.2018.1531650. Patterson, Thomas E. 1993. Out of Order. New York: Knopf. Patterson, Thomas E. 2000. Doing Well and Doing Good: How Soft News and Critical Journalism Are Shrinking the News Audience and Weakening Democracy—And What News Outlets Can Do About It. Cambridge, MA: Joan Shorenstein Center for Press, Politics and Public Policy. Patterson, Thomas E. 2016. News Coverage of the 2016 General Election: How the Press Failed the Voters. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School. Paul, Christopher, and Miriam Matthews. 2016. The Russian “Firehose of Falsehood” Propaganda Model: Why It Might Work and Options to Counter It. Washington, D.C.: RAND Corporation. Paul, Kari. 2020. “Facebook and Twitter Restrict Controversial New York Post Story on Joe Biden.” Theguardian.com. October 14. Accessed March 22,2023. https://www.theg uardian.com/technology/2020/oct/14/facebook-twitter-new-york-post-hunter-biden. Paul, Kari. 2023. “RT Videos
Spreading Ukraine Disinformation on YouTube Despite Ban—Report.” Theguardian.com. February 23. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www. theguardian.com/media/2023/feb/22/rt-ban-youtube-videos-google-disinformation.
REFERENCES 195 Peltier, Elian, Adam Satariano, and Lynsey Chutel. 2023. “How Putin Became a Hero on African TV. Nytimes.com. April 13. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.nytimes. com/2023/04/13/world/africa/russia-africa-disinformation.html. Pew Research Center. 2004. “Cable and Internet Loom Large in Fragmented Political News Universe.” Pewresearch.org. January 11. Accessed March 31, 2023. https://www. pewresearch.org/politics/2004/01/ll/cable-and-internet-loom-large-in-fragmentedpolitical-news-universe/. Phillips, Kristine, and Kevin Johnson. 2020. “Paul Manafort Was ‘A Grave Counterintelligence Threat,’ Republican-Led Senate Panel Finds.” Usatoday.com. August 19. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/ 2020/08/18/senate-details-paul-manafort-ties-russian-intel-officer-kilimnik/339 0437001/. Picard, Robert G., and Victor Pickard. 2017. Essential Principles for Contemporary Media and Communications Policymaking. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Pickard, Victor. 2020. Democracy Without Journalism? Confronting the Misinformation Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Plokhy, Serhii. 2017. Lost Kingdom: The Quest for Empire and the Making of the Russian Nation. London: Basic Books. PolitiFact. N.d. “Donald Trump.” Politifact.com. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www.pol itifact.com/personalities/donald-trump/ . Pomerantsev, Peter. 2014. Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible: The Surreal Heart of the New Russia. New York: PublicAffairs. Porter, Tom. 2023. “Trump Says US Is Giving Ukraine too Much Support, as New
Skeptical Republicans Take Office and Swing Control of the House.” Businessinsider.com. January 3. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-says-usis-giving-ukraine-too-much-money-renews-nato-criticism-2023-l?r=US IR=T. Pulitzer.org. N.d. “Public Service.” Pulitzer.org. Accessed March 28, 2023. https://www. pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-category/204. Putin, Vladimir. 2021. “On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians.” Moscow: Administration of the President of Russia. July 12. Accessed April 21,2023. http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/66181. Pynnöniemi, Katri, and Andras Räcz, eds. 2016. Fog of Falsehood: Russian Strategy of Deception and the Conflict in Ukraine. Helsinki: Finnish Institute of International Affairs. https://www.fiia.fi/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/fiiareport45_fogoffalseh ood.pdf. Radnitz, Scott. 2021. Revealing Schemes: The Politics of Conspiracy in Russia and the PostSoviet Region. New York: Oxford University Press. Rae, Maria. 2021. “Hyperpartisan News: Rethinking the Media for Populist Politics.” New Medial Society. 23 (5): 1117-1132. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820910416. Ramsay, Gordon, and Sam Robertshaw. 2019. Weaponising News: RT, Sputnik and Targeted Disinformation. London: King’s College London. Reimers, Nils, and Iryna Gurevych. 2019. “Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings Using Siamese BERT-Networks.” Computation and Language, https://doi.org/10.48550/ arXiv. 1908.10084. Reporters Without Borders. N.d. “United States 2022 Global Score.” RSF.org. Accessed May 1,2023. https://rsf.org/en/index. Reporters Without
Borders. 2023a. “Russia.” RSF.org. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://rsf. org/en/country/russia.
196 REFERENCES Reporters Without Borders. 2023b. “RT Moves Its Pawns in Africa, Opening a Bureau in Algeria.” RSF.org. April 4. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://rsf.org/en/rt-moves-itspawns-africa-opening-bureau-algeria. Rid, Thomas. 2020. Active Measures: The Secret History of Disinformation and Political Warfare. London: Profile Books. Rizzo, Lillian. 2023. “Judge Rejects Fox Motions, Allows Dominion’s $1.6 Billion Defamation Suit to Go to Trial.” CNBC.com. March 31. Accessed April 19,2023. https:// www.cnbc.com/2023/03/31/fox-motions-rejected-dominion-lawsuit-trial.html. Roche, Darragh. 2023. “Republicans’ Divided Stance on Russia Is Major Boost for Putin.” Newsweek.com. March 15. Accessed April 30,2023. https://www.newsweek.com/repu blicans-divided-stance-russia-major-boost-putin-ukraine-1787933. Rogers, James, and Andriy Tyushka. 2017. “‘Hacking’ into the West: Russia’s ‘Anti-Hegemonic’ Drive the Strategic Narrative Offensive.” Defence Strategic Communications: The Official Journal of the NATO Strategic Communications Centre ofExcellence. 2 (Spring 2017): 35-60. Romer, Daniel, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. 2020. “Conspiracy Theories as Barriers to Controlling the Spread of COVID-19 in the U.S.” Social Science Medicine. 263 (October 2020): 1-8. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.l 13356. Roose, Kevin. 2020. “Newsmax Courts Fox News Viewers with Election Denialism.” Nytimes.com. November 12. Accessed March 10, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/ 2020/11/12/technology/newsmax- fox-news-trump.html. Roselle, Laura, Alister Miskimmon, and Ben O’Loughlin. 2014. “Strategic
Narrative: A New Means to Understand Soft Power.” Media, War Conflict. 7 (1): 70-84. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1750635213516696. Rosenberg, Matthew, and Jim Rutenberg. 2021. “Key Takeaways from Trump’s Effort to Overturn the Election.” Nytimes.com. February 1. Accessed March 8, 2023. https:// www.nytimes.com/2021/02/Ol/us/politics/trump-election-results.html. RT.com. 2020a. “‘Why wouldn’t they overturn an election?’ Trump Claims Huge Step of Nullifying Biden’s Victory Justified by Dems’ Alleged ‘Fraud.’” RT.com. November 25. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://www.rt.com/usa/507849-trump-pennsylvaniaelection-hearing/. RT.com. 2020b. “Trump Says Biden Can Only Move into White House if He ‘PROVES’ His Votes Weren’t ‘Illegally Obtained.”’ RT.com. November 27. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www.rt.com/usa/508049-trump-biden-white-house-proves/. RT.com. 2020c. “Ex-Obama Adviser Susan Rice Mourns Democracy’s NEAR-DEATH Experience with Trump in Melodramatic Appeal to Georgia Voters.” RT.com. December 2. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www.rt.eom/usa/508484-susan-ricenear-death-trump/. RT.com. 2020d. “Trump Attorneys Will Expose Biden’s ‘Abject Fraud,’ Says Lawyer on President’s Team.” RT.com. November 8. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www. rt.com/usa/506122-trump-lawyer-abject-fraud-fox/. RT.com. 2020e. “Tm going to RELEASE THE KRAKEN’: Michael Flynn’s Attorney Vows to Expose Dem Collusion Behind Prominent Voting Machine Firm.” RT.com. November 14. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www.rt.com/usa/506698-powell-kra ken-dominion-election-fraud/. RT.com. 2020f.
‘“KrakenOnSteroids’: Sidney Powell Says She ‘Understands’ Trump’s Lawyers Distancing Themselves from Her, Vows to Fight On.” RT.com. November 23.
REFERENCES 197 Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www.rt.com/usa/507511-powell-kraken-steroidstrump/. RT.com. 2020g. “Trump Lawyer Sidney Powell Hits Back at ‘Rude’ Tucker Carlson: Says She Offered Affidavit Witness on Voter Fraud.” RT.com. November 20. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www.rt.eom/usa/507342-sidney-powell-tucker-carlsondominion/. RT.com. 2020h. “Trumps Legal Team Distances Itself from Sidney Powell After She Suggests That Georgias GOP Governor Conspired to Help Biden Win.” RT.com. November 23. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://www.rt.eom/usa/507510-powelltrump-legal-team/. Rubado, Meghan E„ and Jay T. Jennings. 2019. “Political Consequences of the Endangered Local Watchdog: Newspaper Decline and Mayoral Elections in the United States.” Urban Affairs Review. 56 (5): 1552-1556. https://doi.org/10.! 177/1078087419838058. Ruiz-Gonzalez, Francisco J. 2013. The Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation: A Comparative Study. Madrid, Spain: Institute Espanol de Estudios. Sanger, David. 2022. “Finland and Sweden Embraced by NATO, but Ukraine Must Wait.” The New York Times. May 13. Accessed October 16, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/ 2022/05/12/us/politics/nato-finland-sweden-ukraine.html. Schradie, Jen. 2019. The Revolution That Wasn’t: How Digital Activism Favors Conservatives. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Schudson, Michael. 2008. Why Democracies Need an Unlovable Press. Malden, MA: Polity Press. Seib, Philip. 2004. Beyond the Front Lines: How the News Media Cover a World Shaped by War. London: Palgrave. Serebriakova, Aleksandra. 2020. “Putin
Congratulates Biden on Election Victory.” Sputniknews.com. December 15. Accessed February 15, 2023. https://sputniknews. com/20201215/putin-congratulates-biden-on-election-victory-1081463006.html. Serwer, Adam. 2023. “Why Fox News Lied to Its Viewers.” TheAtlantic.com. February 19. Accessed March 31, 2023. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2023/02/foxnews-dominion-lawsuit-trump/673132/. Shearer, Elisa, and Katerina Eva Matsa. 2018. “News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2018.” Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. September 10. Accessed April 27,2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2018/09/10/news-use-across-social-mediaplatforms-2018/. Siebert, Fred S., Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm. 1956. Four Theories of the Press: The Authoritarian, Libertarian, Social Responsibility and Soviet Communist Concepts of What the Press Should Be and Do. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. Singman, Brooke. 2020a. “Ratcliffe Says ODNI Has Provided Nearly 1,000 Documents to DOJ to Support Durham Probe.” Foxnews.com. October 7. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/declassification-documents-durham-probe. Singman, Brooke. 2020b. “Biden Mum on Hunter Biden Emails, Alleged Knowledge of Son’s Overseas Business Dealings.” Foxnews.com. October 19. Accessed March 22, 2023. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/joe-biden-response-hunter-biden-emailsbusiness-dealings. Smith, Anthony D. 1998. Nationalism and Modernism. London: Routledge. Smith, David. 2023. “Rightwing Republicans Rail Against US Aid for Ukraine: ‘We’ve done enough.’” Theguardian.com. March 4.
Accessed April 30,2023. https://www.theg
198 REFERENCES uardian.com/us-news/2023/mar/04/cpac-rightwing-republicans-ukraine-supportmarjorie-taylor-greene . Smyth, Regina. 2020. Elections, Protest, and Authoritarian Regime Stability: Russia 20082020. New York: Cambridge University Press. Society of Professional Journalists. 2014. “SPJ Code of Ethics.” SPJ.org. Accessed March 26,2023. https://www.spj.org/ethicscode.asp. Sputnik International. 2020a. ‘“Shoddy, Poorly Written’ Lawsuits by Trump Campaign Yet Another Way to Suppress Vote—Experts.” Sputnikews.com. November 6. Accessed March 27,2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201 106/shoddy-poorly-written-lawsuitsby-trump-campaign-yet-another-way-to-suppress-vote—- experts-1081073758.html. Sputnik International. 2020b. Ousted Election Security Chief Calls Giuliani Presser ‘Most Dangerous’ Television in US History.” Sputniknews.com. November 20. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.eom/20201120/ousted-election-security-chiefcalls-giuliani-presser-most-dangerous-television-in-us-history-1081216650.html. Starbird, Kate. 2017. “Examining the Alternative Media Ecosystem Through the Production of Alternative Narratives of Mass Shooting Events on Twitter.” Proceedings ofthe International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media. 11 (l):230-239. https:// doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.vl lil .14878. Steiner, Sean P., and Sarah Oates. 2019. “Reading the RT Leaves: Foreign Policy Lessons from Russian International Media Coverage of Venezuela.” Kennan Cable 43. Wilson Center, Washington, D.C. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cableno-43-reading-the-rt-leaves-foreign-
policy-lessons-russian-international. Stulberg, Adam, and Dennis Murphy. 2022. “Deciphering Russia’s Playbook: Lessons from the Lead-Up to Putin’s War in Ukraine.” Washington, D.C.: PONARS Eurasia at the George Washington University Elliott Scholl of International Affairs. October. Accessed April 21, 2023. https://www.ponarseurasia.org/deciphering-russias-playb ook-lessons-from-the-lead-up-to-putins-war-in-ukraine/. Sutter, Daniel. 2001. “Can the Media Be So Liberal: The Economics of Media Bias.” Cato Institute Journal. 20 (3):431-452. Szostek, Joanna. 2017. “Defence and Promotion of Desired State Identity in Russia’s Strategic Narrative.” Geopolitics 22 (3): 571-593. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650 045.2016.1214910. TASS. 2020. “Press Review: Trump Campaigns Down to the Wire and Armenia Requests Russian Aid.” TASS.com. November 2. Accessed March 22,2023. https://tass.com/pres sreview/1218929. Thomas, Elise. 2022. “Russia Today Digs Deep to Stay on YouTube.” Isdglobal.org. July 5. Accessed April 30, 2023. https://www.isdglo.bal.org/digital_dispatches/russiatoday-digs-deep-to-stay-on-youtube/ Thompson, Stuart A. 2022. “How Russian Media Uses Fox News to Make Its Case.” The New York Times. April 15. Accessed February 18, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/ 2022/04/15/technology/russia-media-fox-news.html. Thompson, Stuart A. and Davey Alba. 2022. “Fact and Mythmaking Blend in Ukraine’s Information War.” The New York Times. March 3. Accessed October 21, 2023. https:// www.nytimes.com/2022/03/03/technology/ukraine-war-mis info.html. Tolz, Vera, Stephen Hutchings, Precious N.
Chatterje-Doody, and Rhys Crilley. 2020. “Mediatization and Journalistic Agency: Russian Television Coverage of the Skripal Poisonings.” Journalism. 22 (12): 2971-2990. https://doi.org/10.1177/146488492 0941967.
REFERENCES 199 Translators Without Borders. N.d. “Language Data for Ukraine.” Translatorswithoutborders.org. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://translatorswithout borders.org/language-data-for-ukraine. Transparency International. 2023. “CPI for Eastern Europe Central Asia: Growing Security Risks and Authoritarianism Threaten Progress Against Corruption.” Transparency.org. January 31. Accessed April 5, 2023. https://www.transparency.org/ en/news/cpi-2022-eastern-europe-central-asia-growing-security-risks-authoritarian ism-threaten-progress-corruption. Troianovski, Anton, and Michael D. Shear. 2022. “As Russia Welcomes Talks, Biden Warns Invasion Is Still Possible.” The New York Times. February 16. Accessed April 26, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/15/world/europe/russia-ukraine-troops.html . Tsukanov, Ilya. 2020. “‘Trump Won This Election in a Landslide’: Flynn Lawyer Vows to Prove Mass Vote Fraud Plot Soon.” Sputniknews.com. November 14. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201114/trump-won-this-election-in-a-landsl ide-flynn-lawyer-vows-to-prove-mass-vote-fraud-plot-soon-1081165727.html. Tuchman, Gaye. 1972. “Objectivity as Strategic Ritual.” American Journal of Sociology. 77 (4): 660-679. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2776752. Tweedie, James. 2020a. “Joe Biden Misses Obama’s Call to Take the Stage Three Times at Michigan Rally.” Sputniknews.com. November 2. Accessed March 22,2023. https:// sputniknews.com/20201102/joe-biden-misses-obamas-call-to-take-the-stage-threetimes-at-michigan-rally-—video-1080957320.html. Tweedie, James. 2020b. “President of Soros-
Linked Voting Software Firm on Biden Transition Team—Trump Lawyers.” Sputniknews.com. November 15. Accessed March 27, 2023. https://sputniknews.com/20201115/president-of-soros-linked-voting-softw are-firm-on-biden-transition-team—trump-lawyers-1081174974.html. Umland, Andreas. 2019. “Irregular Militias and Radical Nationalism in Post-Euromaydan Ukraine: The Prehistory and Emergence of the Azov’ Battalion in 2014.” Terrorism and Political Violence. 31 (1): 105-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2018.1555974. United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 2018. Putin's Asymmetric Assault on Democracy in Russia and Europe: Implicationsfor U.S. National Security. A Minority Staff Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. 2020. Russian Active Measures Campaigns and Interference in the 2016 U.S. Election. Volumes I-V Together with Additional Views. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. November 10. Accessed March 22,2023. https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/publications/report-sel ect-committee-intelligence-united-states-senate-russian-active-measures. Vaidhyanathan, Siva. 2018. Antisocial Media: How Facebook Disconnects Us and Undermines Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press. Vilmer, Jean-Baptiste Jeangène, Alexandre Escorcia, Marine Guillaume, and Janaina Herrerra. 2018. Information Manipulation: A Challenge for Our Democracies. Paris: Centre d’analyse, de prévision et de stratégie, and Institut de recherche stratégique de l’École militaire.
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/information _manipulation_rvb_cle838736.pdf. Wagnsson, Charlotte. 2023. “The Paperboys of Russian Messaging: RT/Sputnik Audiences as Vehicles for Malign Information Influence.” Information, Communication Society 26 (9): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2041700 .
200 REFERENCES Wagnsson, Charlotte, and Costan Barzanje. 2021. “A Framework for Analysing Antagonistic Narrative Strategies: A Russian Tale of Swedish Decline.” Media, War Conflict. 14 (2): 239-257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635219884343 . Walker, Christopher. 2016. “The Authoritarian Threat: The Hijacking of‘Soft Power.’” Journal ofDemocracy. 27 (1): 49-63. Walker, Mason. 2021. “U.S. Newsroom Employment Has Fallen 26% Since 2008.” Pewresearch.org. July 13. Accessed March 26, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/ fact-tank/2021/07/13/u-s-newsroom-employment-has-fallen-26-since-2008/. Wells, Chris, Dhavan Shah, Josephine Lukito, Ayellet Pelled, John CV Pevehouse, and JungHwan Yang. 2020. “Trump, Twitter, and News Media Responsiveness: A Media Systems Approach.” New Media Society 22 (4): 659-682. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1461444819893987. Wike, Richard, Janell Fetterolf, Moira Fagan, and Sneha Gubbala. 2022. International Attitudes Toward the U.S., NATO, and Russia in a Time ofCrisis. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. Accessed April 17, 2023. https://www.pewresearch.org/global/wpcontent/uploads/sites/2/2022/06/PG_2022.07.22_U.S.-Image_FINAL.pdf. Wolff, Michael. 2008. The Man Who Owns the News: Inside the Secret World of Rupert Murdoch. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Wong, Edward, and Stephen Erlanger. 2022. “China as Peacemaker in the Ukraine War? The U.S. and Europe Are Skeptical.” The New York Times. March 20. Accessed April 26, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/19/us/politics/russia-china-putin-xi.html. Wong, Edward, and Laura Jakes. 2022. “NATO Won’t Let Ukraine Join
Soon. Here’s Why.” Nytimes.com. January 13. Accessed April 26, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/ 01/13/us/politics/nato-ukraine.html. Wright, Kate, Martin Scott, and Mel Bunce. 2020. “Soft Power, Hard News: How Journalists at State-Funded Transnational Media Legitimize Their Work.” The International Journal ofPress/Politics. 25 (4): 607-631. https://doi.Org/10.l 177/1940161220922832. Wring, Dominic. 2012. “Tt’s Just Business’: The Political Economy ofthe Hacking Scandal.” Media, Culture Society. 34 (5): 631-636. https://doi.0rg/lO.l 177/0163443712442435. Yablokov, Ilya. 2018. Fortress Russia: Conspiracy Theories in the Post-Soviet World. London: Polity. Yablokov, Ilya, and Precious Chatterje-Doody. 2021. Russia Today and Conspiracy Theories: People, Power and Politics on RT. London: Routledge. Yang, Yunkang, and Lance Bennett. 2021. “Interactive Propaganda: How Fox News and Donald Trump Co-produced False Narratives about the COVID-19 Crisis.” In Political Communication in the Time of Coronavirus, edited by Peter van Aelst and Jay G. Blumler. London: Routledge, 83-100. Zulli, Diana, Kevin Coe, and Zachary Isaacs. 2022. “News Framing in the Aftermath of the January 6 Attacks on the U.S. Capitol: An Analysis of Labels, Definitional Uncertainty, and Contextualization.” American Behavioral Scientist, 67 (6): 1-19. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/00027642221096333.
Index For the benefit ofdigital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. ABC, 30,35-36 absentee ballots, 13,83 Access Hollywood, 4,60-61 Ad Fontes Media, 38,39,155 Afghanistan, 60, 74,145,158-59 Albrecht, Madeline, 164 Allsides, 38,39 Antifa, 18-19,74,83,89-90,106-7,1089,112,173 Arab Spring, 63,144 authoritarian media model, 112 Azov battalion (see Azov regiment) Azov regiment, 152,153-57 Baltic States, 58-59,72-73,170 Bandera, Stepan, 146-47 Berlin Wall, 7,58-59,156-57,158 Biden Hunter, allegations of corruption in Ukraine, 91-92,98 laptop, 81-82,83,86-87,89-90,9697,98-100,103-6,112 Joe, 74,123,150-51,174-75 allegations of corruption in Ukraine, 91-92,105-6 attacks on, 18-19,83,86-88,89, 112-13,176 campaign coverage, 5,86-87,89 conspiracy theories about, 42-43,153 coverage by Fox, 82-83,103,105,174 criticism of Donald Trump, 50-51 criticism of Russia, 163 Russian propaganda about, 83 bioweapons, alleged use of by U.S., 61, 147-48,153-54 Black Lives Matter (BLM), 18-19,74,8182,106-7,110 Boston Marathon, 21 Breitbart, 21,39-40,154-55 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 28-29,65-66 Bucha massacre, 147-48 Budapest Memorandum, 166-67 Bush, President George W., 7-8,145 Cable News Network (see CNN) . Carlson, Tucker, 37,88-89,131,175,181 cascading activation theory, 145,15859,170 CBS, 30,35-36 China, 6,103,162-63 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 102,130-31 Clinton Bill, 46 Hillary, 4,9,93-94,102,165,173 2008 campaign, 22,41-42 2016 campaign, 41-42,83-84 comments on NATO, 164 negative coverage of, 4,40-41,48
Russian disinformation of, 44,60-61, 90,93,97,173 Trump attacks on, 15 CNN, 30-31,36,37,38-39,47,89,98-99, 100-1,109 Cold War, 4,6-7,16-17,43-44,60,61, 65-66,92,158-59,166 Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 6-7,58 comparative models of media systems, 29-30
202 INDEX Congress, U.S., 4-5,28-29,30,74,91-92, 94,129,171,175 conspiracy theories, 2-3,21,25,42-43, 51, 56,70,76-77,81-82,84-85, 105-6,115-16,117,118,127,133, 136-37,138,139,145,146,14748,153-54,155,170-71,175-76 Conway, Kellyanne, 46,65-66 Cooper, Anderson, 38-39,88-89 Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 28-29 COVID, 2,12-13,18-19, 33, 35,4243,46-47, 50,51,75,83,118, 172, 176 Crimea, 18,60,62,65,144,167 Daily Caller, 154 Daily Wire, 154-55 Democratic National Committee, 8-9,44, 74,86,97,173 Democratic Party, 46,60-61,90,95, 103-5 Dominion Voting Systems, 51-52,115, 116,119-20,130-31,136-38,139, 140,179 Donbas, 143,144 Eastern Europe, 7,58-59,157-58,166 Eastern Ukraine, 60,62,72,144 East Germany, 58-59,73,157,166 elections, U.S. Russian interference in, 44-45,49,9092,93,94,97,99,100-1,105-6, 173,180 2022 midterm, 2-3 Electoral College, 120 Estonia, 71-72 Euromaidan, 62,144,154-55 Europe, 58,66-67,71,144,158, 162-63,168 European Union, 17,44,73-74, 144,179 Facebook, 4,21,173,175,179 Fairness Doctrine, 30,31 Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 30 Finland, 73-74,158,165 Floyd, George, 18-19,106 Flynn, Michael, 129,131 Fortress Russia, 67,72-73 Georgia Republic of, 7-8,62,72-73,158-59,167 U.S.State, 120,124,175 Germany, 58,71,73,157-58 Giuliani, Rudy, 96-97,98,99-100,103, 105,129,131 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 58-59,157 Graham, Lindsey, 129 Great Patriotic War (see World War II) Hannity, Sean, 38-39,131 Hawley, Josh, 129 Hill, Fiona, 146-47,164-65 Infowars, 21,51-52,129,154-55,179 Ingraham, Laura, 37,132 Iraq, 31-32,74,145 Jones, Alex, 129 journalism, horse race, 32,83-84,86
journalistic standards, 23-24,39,138-39 Kazakhstan, 166-67 Khrushchev, Nikita, 58 Kosovo, 7,73,158-59 Latvia, 71-72 Lavrov, Sergei, 65,94 libertarian media model, 4,29,30,40,49, 51-52,112 Limbaugh, Rush, 30-31 LisaF. case, 71 Lithuania, 71-72 machine classifiers, 93,94,112-13,114 mail-in ballots, 18-19,113-14,118,119 Malaysia Airlines Flight 17,18,60,65,66 Manafort, Paul, 91,95-96 McConnell, Mitch, 127 McFaul, Michael, 165 Mearsheimer, John, 164-65 media, European, 64 media, trust in, 19,20,21,39,48,172,175 media ecosystem, U.S., 19-22,178
INDEX media freedom, Russia, 43 media models authoritarian (see authoritarian media model) libertarian (see libertarian media model) media outlets, local, 19-20,34,45-46 Meta (see Facebook) Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 58,152 MSNBC, 36,37,47,98-99 Mueller, Robert, 4-5,74,78,91,97,101-2 Murdoch, Rupert, 37-38,138-39 National Security Council, 164-65 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), 5,62,66,146,152, 160,161,162,165,166,167,169, 170,171,172-73 American interest in, 159-60 criticism by China, 162-63 expansion of, 72-74,75-76,161,162,165 history of, 7,62,73,74,156-58,166-67 role in Russian strategic narratives, 12, 62-63,66-67,69-70,145,148-49, 152,162 Russian disinformation about, 5,12,17, 25,62-63,158,160,166-67 Russian grievances against, 7,62-63, 68,69-70,72-74,75-76,142,145, 146,151-52,156-57,175-76 U.S. news coverage of, 25,73-74,142,15860,161-62,163-65,166-68,178 Navalny, Alexei, 93,94 Nazis, 107,149-50,151-52,156,161,162, 164,169 alleged in Ukraine, 25,76-77,142,14344,146-48,149-50,151,153,154, 155,156,169-70,171,175-76 Azov regiment, 152,153-54,155-56 history of, 25,142,143-44,149,151, 152,153-57,171,175-76,177 in Russian strategic narrative, 76, 143-44,147-48,169-70,172-73, 175-76,177 symbols, 156-57 U.S. news coverage of claims, 142,15356,171,178 World War II, 70,76-77,149,152 203 NBC, 30,35-36,65-66 Neo-Nazis (see Nazis) Newsmax, 25,38,39,51,115,117,121, 122,134-37,138,139,140,15455,174,181 newspapers, 19,20,33,45-46,89,99, 175-76,178,181 British, 68-69,138 New York Times, 11,24-25,34,42,45-46, 89,96-97,98-99,100-1,103,105, 107,108-9,110,130-31,138,139,
142,153,155,159-60,162,16365,166-67,168-69,178 Nixon, Richard, 46 Nord Stream, 147-48 NTV (Russian commercial television), 17 nuclear weapons, 92,160,166-67 One America News Network (OANN), 139,154 Obama, Barack, 22,41,46 objectivity, 2,3,11,20-21,25,31-33, 36-37,39,42,137,140-41,160, 168-69,174 Operation Infektion, 61-62 Paul, Rand, 169 Pence, Mike, 120 Powell, Sidney, 129,130-31 Prigozhin, Evgenii, 180 Project Veritas, 129 Proud Boys, 110 Putin, Vladimir, 7,8,11,59-60,94,123, 142,150-51,156,163,167,17273,175-76 attitude toward NATO, 160,161-62, 163,164,165,166-67 attitude toward Ukraine, 72,76,145, 146-47,148-49,151,170-71 authoritarian control, 60 Crimea, 60 erosion of media freedom under, 43 historical unity article, 149-51 international relations, 7,62 mental state, 167 Nazis and neo-Nazi claims, 76-77,142, 143-44,146-47,148,149,151-52, 155-56,171
204 INDEX Putin, Vladimir (coût.) popularity, 60 . praise from Donald Trump, 78 propaganda, 147,169 resonance with Trump messaging, 25-26 response to Euromaidan, 144 strategic narratives, 25,54,57,63, 65,67,77,94-95,143-44,152, 164,169-70,177,178 traits shared with Donald Trump, 10 U.S. news coverage of, 5,168-69 World Warll, 70,149,151,152 Radio Liberty, 6-7,61 Republican Party, 2,5,22-23, 78,91-92, 121,129,139 2020 convention, 50,180 voters, 118,175 Republicans 2020 campaign, 50,107 fusion with Russian messaging, 95 lack of trust in media, 20 Stop the Steal conspiracy narrative, 119,175 use of Russophobia narrative, 91 Rice, Susan, 125 Rubio, Marco, 100-1 Russia domestic media, 17-18,71,130,132-33 media freedom, 43 media history, 43 Tsarist rule, 58,76 Russiagate, 18-19,78,91,92,93-94,9596,97,174 Russia “hoax,” 83,91,95,101-2 Russian ads, U.S. 2016 campaign, 75 Russian history, contemporary, 59 Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 65 Russian Revolution (1917), 58 Russians, ethnic in Ukraine, 72,76 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, 21,155 Smartmatic, 119-20 Sochi Olympics, 67-68 social media ban on Trump, 175 Russian influence of, 4,9,44-45,74,90, 172,179-80 Trump use of Twitter, 71,78,127-28 use in foreign influence, 78 Soviet Union, 71-72,157 Eastern Europe, 58-59,72-73,157,166 media, 6-7,17,69 NATO, 73,157,166 propaganda, 23,61,63,64 transition to Russian Federation, 7,17, 43,59,157 Ukraine, 76 World War II, 58,70,143-44,146-47 Stalin, Josef, 58 Stop the Steal, 1,5,6,23,25,45,49,75, 114,122-23,133,176-77 Sweden, 73-74,78-79,155-56,158 Syria, 7-8,62,67,70 TASS, 88
Trump supporters, 2, 20,22,45-46,47, 48,82,91,107,115,121,129, 139,140 trust in media (see media, trust in) Truth Social, 175 Tsarist Russia, 57-58,76 Ukraine 2014 invasion, 60-61,64,72,75-76, 144,145,149-50,152,167 2022 invasion, 1,5,11,17,43,62,73-74, 75-76,94-95,142,143-44,145, 146-48,153,158-60,162,167, 170,177,178,179,180 Azov regiment (see Azov regiment) Biden conspiracyabout, 105-6 Bucha massacre, 147-48 Budapest Memorandum, 166-67 claims of bioweapons in, 147-48 claims of Nazis in, 1,25,76-77,142, 143-44,146,147-48,149-50,15156,170,171,175-76,177,178 effect of Russian propaganda on international support, 68-69 ethnic Russians in, 72,76 European Union membership, 73-74 history of, 76 NATO membership in, 73-74,158
INDEX Putins Statements about, 146,14850,151-52 Russian fears about, 75-76 Russian strategic narratives about, 65, 68-69,70,72,75,76,77,80,142, 143,144,145,147,160,169-71,177 Trump impeachment, 74,91-92,94 U.S. news coverage of, 5,142,154-55,160, 161-62,163,164-65,168-69,178 U.S. podcasts about, 147-48 Unsafe Streets narrative, 83,107-8,110 U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 65-66,67 U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, 91-92,97,99,100-2 Voice of America, 6-7,48,61 voting machines, 115,119-20,128-29, 130-31,132,138,139 205 Wall Street Journal, 11,24-25, 81,89, 98-99,100-1, 110, 142,155, 160, 178 Washington Post, 11,24-25,45-47,81,89, 98-99,100-1,142, 155,160,178 Western media systems, 15-16,26,143-44 West Germany, 73,157-58 White House, 7-8,42-43,46,50,74,81, 90-91,101,105,111-12,145 WikiLeaks, 4 World War II, 16,58-59,70,72-73,76-77, 146-47,149,151,152,166,171 Yanukovych, Viktor, 144 Yeltsin, Boris, 58-59 Yugoslavia, 7,73 Zelenskyy, Volodymyr, 76-77,91-92, 154-55 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Oates, Sarah Ramsay, Gordon Neil |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1046435132 (DE-588)1344930638 |
| author_facet | Oates, Sarah Ramsay, Gordon Neil |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Oates, Sarah |
| author_variant | s o so g n r gn gnr |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049776848 |
| contents | American News in the 21st Century -- Strategic Narratives: What do the Russians Want? -- U.S. 2020 Presidential Campaign Narratives and Russian Propaganda -- Curating Chaos: Election Fraud Claims and the Capitol Insurrection -- Russian Strategic Narratives and the War in Ukraine: From Neo-Nazis to NATO. |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1466933235 (DE-599)BVBBV049776848 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV049776848</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20250115</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240711s2024 xx |||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780197696439</subfield><subfield code="c">pbk</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-19-769643-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780197696422</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-19-769642-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1466933235</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV049776848</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Oates, Sarah</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1046435132</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Seeing red</subfield><subfield code="b">Russian propaganda and American news</subfield><subfield code="c">Sarah Oates and Gordon Neil Ramsay</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Russian propaganda and American news</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York, NY</subfield><subfield code="b">Oxford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2024]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">viii, 205 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Diagramme</subfield><subfield code="c">24 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Donald Trump could be the greatest gift to the Russians in the history of propaganda. This is not because the Russians held secret information on him or manipulated him through some undetected network. Trump became a foreign asset because he produced both words and actions that could be used to attack democracy itself, a key strategic goal of the Russians. Trump consistently denies reality, vilifies the free media, and broadcasts disinformation. This opens the door for foreign disinformation to flow into the U.S. news, hidden in plain sight by Kremlin-style rhetoric from a U.S. president and amplified by the right-wing media. Through the 2020 election, the Stop the Steal conspiracy, and the Capitol insurrection, Russians found myriad ways to publicize the end of American democracy and the rise of Russia. The convergence of strategic narratives from a U.S. president and the Kremlin created historic opportunities for Russian information warfare. While Russian propaganda may have less opportunity to profit from the war in Ukraine, the struggles of U.S. democracy and traditional media empowered Russia's global narrative for the massive invasion in 2022. This elevation of Russian soft power could not have happened without Trump, who has been aided and abetted by politicians and U.S. outlets that favor propaganda over information."</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="600" ind1="1" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Trump, Donald</subfield><subfield code="d">1946-</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118834312</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Information warfare</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4461975-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Massenmedien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4037877-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Desinformation</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4252093-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078704-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Information warfare / Russia (Federation)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Propaganda, Russian / United States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Mass media and propaganda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Mass media / Political aspects / United States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Disinformation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Fake news</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Political campaigns / United States / History / 21st century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">United States / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / United States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Trump, Donald</subfield><subfield code="d">1946-</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)118834312</subfield><subfield code="D">p</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">USA</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4078704-7</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Massenmedien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4037877-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Desinformation</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4252093-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Information warfare</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4461975-3</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ramsay, Gordon Neil</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1344930638</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-19-769644-6</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-19-769646-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Gemischte Register</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20250115</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">070.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090513</subfield><subfield code="g">73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">070.9</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090513</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090513</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090513</subfield><subfield code="g">73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035117901</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049776848 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-28T13:00:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780197696439 9780197696422 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-035117901 |
| oclc_num | 1466933235 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | viii, 205 Seiten Diagramme 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20250115 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
| publishDateSort | 2024 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Oates, Sarah Verfasser (DE-588)1046435132 aut Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news Sarah Oates and Gordon Neil Ramsay Russian propaganda and American news New York, NY Oxford University Press [2024] viii, 205 Seiten Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Donald Trump could be the greatest gift to the Russians in the history of propaganda. This is not because the Russians held secret information on him or manipulated him through some undetected network. Trump became a foreign asset because he produced both words and actions that could be used to attack democracy itself, a key strategic goal of the Russians. Trump consistently denies reality, vilifies the free media, and broadcasts disinformation. This opens the door for foreign disinformation to flow into the U.S. news, hidden in plain sight by Kremlin-style rhetoric from a U.S. president and amplified by the right-wing media. Through the 2020 election, the Stop the Steal conspiracy, and the Capitol insurrection, Russians found myriad ways to publicize the end of American democracy and the rise of Russia. The convergence of strategic narratives from a U.S. president and the Kremlin created historic opportunities for Russian information warfare. While Russian propaganda may have less opportunity to profit from the war in Ukraine, the struggles of U.S. democracy and traditional media empowered Russia's global narrative for the massive invasion in 2022. This elevation of Russian soft power could not have happened without Trump, who has been aided and abetted by politicians and U.S. outlets that favor propaganda over information." Trump, Donald 1946- (DE-588)118834312 gnd rswk-swf Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd rswk-swf Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd rswk-swf Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Information warfare / Russia (Federation) Propaganda, Russian / United States Mass media and propaganda Mass media / Political aspects / United States Disinformation Fake news Political campaigns / United States / History / 21st century United States / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / United States Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Trump, Donald 1946- (DE-588)118834312 p USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 s Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 s Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 s DE-604 Ramsay, Gordon Neil Verfasser (DE-588)1344930638 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-769644-6 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-769646-0 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Oates, Sarah Ramsay, Gordon Neil Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news American News in the 21st Century -- Strategic Narratives: What do the Russians Want? -- U.S. 2020 Presidential Campaign Narratives and Russian Propaganda -- Curating Chaos: Election Fraud Claims and the Capitol Insurrection -- Russian Strategic Narratives and the War in Ukraine: From Neo-Nazis to NATO. Trump, Donald 1946- (DE-588)118834312 gnd Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118834312 (DE-588)4461975-3 (DE-588)4037877-9 (DE-588)4252093-9 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news |
| title_alt | Russian propaganda and American news |
| title_auth | Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news |
| title_exact_search | Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news |
| title_full | Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news Sarah Oates and Gordon Neil Ramsay |
| title_fullStr | Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news Sarah Oates and Gordon Neil Ramsay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seeing red Russian propaganda and American news Sarah Oates and Gordon Neil Ramsay |
| title_short | Seeing red |
| title_sort | seeing red russian propaganda and american news |
| title_sub | Russian propaganda and American news |
| topic | Trump, Donald 1946- (DE-588)118834312 gnd Information warfare (DE-588)4461975-3 gnd Massenmedien (DE-588)4037877-9 gnd Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Trump, Donald 1946- Information warfare Massenmedien Desinformation USA Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=035117901&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oatessarah seeingredrussianpropagandaandamericannews AT ramsaygordonneil seeingredrussianpropagandaandamericannews AT oatessarah russianpropagandaandamericannews AT ramsaygordonneil russianpropagandaandamericannews |