Russia and Latvia: a case of sharp power
"This book explores Russia's relations with Latvia, arguing that Latvia, with a higher proportion of Russian speakers than other Baltic states, is especially vulnerable to Russia's "sharp power." The book highlights how authoritarian and totalitarian regimes are unable to ex...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2024
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| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "This book explores Russia's relations with Latvia, arguing that Latvia, with a higher proportion of Russian speakers than other Baltic states, is especially vulnerable to Russia's "sharp power." The book highlights how authoritarian and totalitarian regimes are unable to exercise soft power based on the attractiveness of the country's culture and values, which would help them gain the favour of the audience of the target countries, but instead, as in the case of Russia, use public diplomacy, compatriot policy, media policy, propaganda, and disinformation to produce a destructive effect, distorting the democracies of target countries and increasing national security risks. The book provides in-depth detail on how Russia is making use of this "sharp power" in Latvia, examines the consequences and assesses the dangers for the future"-- |
| Beschreibung: | 236 Seiten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781032534923 9781032534947 |
Internformat
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| 505 | 8 | |a Extremely Sharp Power -- Methods of Sharp Power : Definitions -- The Context : One Hundred Years of Latvian-Russian Bilateral Relations -- History Still Matters : The Kremlin's Diplomacy of Remembrance as One of the Main Elements of Sharp Power -- Russian Compatriot Policy Against Latvian Educational, Language and Citizenship Policies -- 'Russian World' : Geopolitics, Values, and Culture -- The Russian Orthodox Church and Latvia -- Russian Media in Latvia : Much More than 'RT' and 'Sputnik' -- Social Media as a New Ground for Confrontation -- Elections and Referenda in Latvia : 'Neighbour's Footprints in the Backyard' -- The Regional Dimension : Separatism of Latgale that Never Materialized -- The Emotional Side of Sharp Power : From Humour to Rudeness | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "This book explores Russia's relations with Latvia, arguing that Latvia, with a higher proportion of Russian speakers than other Baltic states, is especially vulnerable to Russia's "sharp power." The book highlights how authoritarian and totalitarian regimes are unable to exercise soft power based on the attractiveness of the country's culture and values, which would help them gain the favour of the audience of the target countries, but instead, as in the case of Russia, use public diplomacy, compatriot policy, media policy, propaganda, and disinformation to produce a destructive effect, distorting the democracies of target countries and increasing national security risks. The book provides in-depth detail on how Russia is making use of this "sharp power" in Latvia, examines the consequences and assesses the dangers for the future"-- | |
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| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Latvia | |
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| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Foreign public opinion, Latvian | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / 21st century | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List of tables List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements viii ix x 1 Introduction 1 8 Extremely Sharp Power 2 Methods of Sharp Power: Definitions 27 3 The Context: One Hundred Years of Latvian-Russian Bilateral Relations 46 4 History Still Matters: The Kremlin’s Memory Diplomacy as One of the Main Elements of Sharp Power 68 5 Russian Compatriot Policy against Latvian Educational, Language, and Citizenship Policies 87 6 ‘Russian World’: Geopolitics, Values, and Culture 106 7 The Russian Orthodox Church and Latvia 122 8 Russian Media in Latvia: Much More than RT and Sputnik 140 9 Social Media as a New Ground for Confrontation 158 10 Elections and Referenda in Latvia: ‘Neighbour’s Footprints in the Backyard’ 172 11 The Regional Dimension: Separatism of Latgale That Never Materialized 189 12 The Emotional Side of Sharp Power: From Humour to Rudeness 206 Conclusions 220 Index 229
Index Abrene district 175, 213 Alexiy II 125; visit to Latvia 132 Andropov, Yury 54 annexation of Crimea 41, 61, 75, 142, 159, 185, 199, 201; similarity with occupation of the Baltic states 48, 81 Applebaum, Anne 215 Association Agreement: between EU and Ukraine 151 Astra, Gunârs 53-4 asymmetry 100 1, 225; in cultural exchange 116, 119, 223; in Latvian and Russian information spaces 5, 143, 144, 153; in public spending for media 22; and synchronicity in the work of the media 223; as the main feature of sharp power 14, 20, 22, 41, 116,216 authoritarian regime 2, 12, 27, 111, 116, 221; and humour 206, 216, 224; and lies in public diplomacy 15, 68; of Putin 114; and sharp power 14; Aboltina, Solvita 128 Russians in 89, 98; Soviet occupation of 48, 57, 69, 73, 88 Belarus 11, 16, 50, 193; authoritarian regime in 111 ; border of 31 ; and military exercise Zapad 61; as part of historical Rus 123; special services of 199 Belarusians: and Belarusian Catholics in Latgale 192; as hackers in Latvian cyberspace 166-7; as Kremlin’s media audience in Latvia 145; living in Latgale 194; living in Latvia 51, 87, 95, 100, 142-3 Berklavs, Eduards 53; see also resistance Birkavs, Valdis 57 Bortnikov, Alexander 126 bots 5, 163; and Internet trolls 159; as weapon of Russian sharp power 164-8 Brezhnev, Leonid 53-4 Bucha: massacre of civilians in 213 Bulgaria 123 Bush, George 209 Buzan, Barry 13, 80, 95 Baltic Institute of Social Sciences 77, 142 Baltic Military District 54-6 Baltic states 58-9; 93, and annexation of Crimea 81; democratic reforms in 56, 173; de-Sovietization in 194; disinformation
about 214; and fight against Soviet regime 56, 111; foreign policy of 61, 148; historical propaganda about 52, 148-9; identity of 70; Kremlin’s memory diplomacy toward 74-5, 77; as members of NATO 58, 61, 152, 163-4, 199; Russian compatriot policy toward 100; Russian culture in 116, 129; Russian media policy toward 153; Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ 126 Catholicism; in Latvia 112-13 Central Asia 62, 113 Center for European Policy Analysis 76 Centre for East European Policy Studies 1, 31, 146, 194, 215; as APPC 147, 195-7 Chapman, Anna 35 Chaplin, Vsevolod 123, 130-1 Chernomyrdin, Viktor 58 China 35; Communist party of 182; scholarship programmes of 20; sharp power of 2, 3, 11, 14, 18 Christianity: in Russia 123, 135
230 Index Christian denominations: in Latvia 126; in Russia 123, 135 Citizenship law: of the former USSR republics 89; of the Republic of Latvia 97-8 civil society 17, 100, 168, 226; in China and Russia 18; illusion of 19; imitating the activity of 88, in Latvia 13, 107, 114-15, 227; religious organizations as part of 21; Russia’s harm to 19 clash of civilizations 110; and dialogue of civilizations 21 clash of values 82; in Latvia 112-14, 221 Clinton, Hillary 166, 209 Club of Joyful and Witty 209-10 CNN 30, 210-11 Commission of Historians 60 Commonwealth of Independent States 20, 220 conspiracy theories 34-5, 42, 150, 153, 223; as a tool of sharp power 4, 5 Consulate General in Daugavpils 198 Cold War 111 Collaborationism 54 Collective Security Treaty Organization 197, 220 Congress of Russian Compatriots Living Abroad 90 control of narratives 4, 28-9 Corruption Prevention and Combating Bureau 114 Council for Cooperation with Religious Organizations 124 Council of Europe 93, 141 Council of the Baltic Sea States 93 Crimea 94, 193, 199; attitude towards the future of 227; and Donbass 14; and Gagauzia 195; and so-called referendum 32; see also annexation of Crimea Cull, Nicholas J. 16, 19, 33; and psychological warfare 38-9 cult of war 212-13; in Russia 72 cultural diplomacy 1, 95, 221; as a part of public diplomacy 19; as a tool of Russian sharp power 22, 119; as a tool of soft power 20 cultural exchange 4, 5, 11, 122; an asymmetry in 223; as a tool of Russian sharp power 20, 119 Curonians 191 Current Time TV 145, 208 cyber-attacks 167 cyberspace 36, 168; crimes in 166-7, 169
Czech Republic 61, 80, 114 Dahl, Robert 12, 13 daily communication 17 Daugavpils 80, 127, 192, 195; City party 176, 178; 196; Education Board 198; and Rezekne 189, University 194 deception 9, 12, 19, 32, 215, 221; as a base for sharp power 14; campaigns 223; of the enemy 37; as an information warfare method 38; in media 27; tactics 175; as a tool of sharp power 42 Declaration of the Rights of Russian Compatriots 90 Demurin, Mikhail 59 Denisa-Liepniece, Solvita 209 desovietization 70-1 diplomacy of faith 21, 122, 131, 134 disinformation 2, 32, 106, 141, 145, 221; campaign against Ukraine 168; campaigns 76, 141, 151; Kremlin’s 31, 154; in Latgale 193, 200; as a method of hybrid war 39; as a method of information warfare 32; in social media 158-9, 161; as a tool of sharp power 22, 32, 41-2 doctrine of legal continuation of the Latvian state 97 Dombrovskis, Valdis 60 Dozhd TV 73, 145, 182 Dribins, Leo 77 Eastern Partnership Summit in Vilnius 151 Estonia 37, 189, 194; as a consolidated democracy 114; and Finland 195; as a frontline sate 220; large proportion of the Russian-speaking population in 100; and Latvia, and Lithuania 55-6, 58-9, 62, 70; legionnaires 50; and NATO 47, 79, 87, 164, 215; as one of the Baltic states 58; as a part of Western civilization 112; Soviet occupation of 48, 81; as a supporter of Ukraine 167 European Union 31, 82, 93, 130, 141, 220; funds 196-7; Latvia’s membership in 46, 57-9; 98-9, 114; liberals in 115; normative influence of 62; as a “normative power” 111-12; Russian diaspora in 176; and visa free regime with Russia 61
Index 231 European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats 39 elections in Latvia 5, 113 hybrid warfare 27, 162; elements of 4, 48; and information warfare 36; and sharp power 39, 42 Feldmans, Inesis 50 First Baltic Channel 78, 144, 177, 179, 180 ‘fortress Russia’ 33, 75 For Human Rights in a United Latvia 128 Freedom House 113-14 Free Europe: Radio 55 FSB 118, 122, 166, 179 information warfare 1, 37, 82, 159, 161, 226; and cyber-attacks 167; elements of 4; and humour 206; and hybrid warfare 36; and Internet trolls 163; methods of 38; operations 39; and sharp power 37, 42; tools of 27 Innokentiy, the Metropolitan of Lithuania 132-3 International Council of Russian Compatriots 90 Irpyn’ 213 Ivanov, Igor 98 Ivanov, Sergey 151 Gagauzia 195 Galkin, Maxim 206 Gaponenko, Aleksandrs 99, 130, 182, 193 Georgia 59; Orthodox 119, 222; Russian aggression against 6, 62, 100, 110, 114, 141 Gerasimov, Valery 126 Grand Duchy of Lithuania 191 Greece 123 Grigas, Agnia 11 Golunov, Sergey 35 Gorbachev, Mikhail 55-6 GONGO 19 Guseins, Viktors 99 hackers 36, 172, Russian and Belarusian 166-7, 168 hard power 9; and hybrid warfare 42; nature of 15; and sharp power 36-7, 41; and soft power 10 Harmony Center 60, 78, 174, 177, 201, 224; chairman of 129, 180; and corruption scandals 179; First Baltic Channel as informational supporter of 179; and For Human Rights in a United Latvia 128; Kremlin’s support to 185; and Old Believers 128; party union 176, 196; pro-Moscow position of 172, 178; and Riga City Council 181; and United Russia 182 Herrnhut Brethren 113 humanitarian: aid 63; mission 75;
projects 195 human rights 12, 47, 56, 93; disrespect to 112; inside Russia 101; and Russian compatriot policy 96, 99; and Russian sharp power 94; violations 62, 89, 158 Hungarian Revolution 54 Jurkäns, Jânis 173-4 Kaliningrad 165; region 161 Kalvitis, Aigars 174-5 Kant’s Baltic Federal University 165 Kapräns, Märtins 31 Karaganov, Sergey 88 Karins, Krisjânis 46, 133 Kasyanov, Mikhail 174 Kennan Institute 98 KGB 32, 52, 54-5, 70, 216; and Moscow Patriarchate 122 Kirill, head of the Russian Orthodox Church 68, 123-5, 131-2, 133; ecclesiastic tribunal to the 123; and ‘Russian world’ 108, 119; position on war in Ukraine 5, 21 Kiselev, Dmitry 34 Kolerov, Modest 176-7, 192 Komsomolskaya Pravda 213 Kononovs, Vasilijs 79 Korens, Josifs 77 Krasniy Kvadrat 209 Kurayev, Andrei 68, 71-2, 131 Kurzeme 51, 126, 189, 190, 192; Duchy of 127 La Porte, Teresa 19, 21 Laruelle, Marlene 106, 108 Latgale 5, 126, 189; autonomy and separatism of 201, 224; history of 190-2; municipalities of 200; and Pskov 196; Russian diplomats in 198; Russian compatriot policy in 202; Russian paradiplomacy in 192-5;
232 Index ‘Russian world’ in 194; security risks in 199; vulnerability of 193 Latgalians 190, 192-4, 199; patriotism of 202 Latvian Constitutional Court 213 Latvian Constitution Protection Bureau 140, 193 Latvian Government 96, 149, 150, 176, 179, 213 Latvian Human Rights Committee 99 Latvian language 53, 128, 180, 183, 185, 226; and culture 63, 95; education in 96; and Latvian TV channels 145; media 42, 143, 146-7; status of 94, 96, 182; users 142 Latvian Orthodox Church 124, 126, 129, 130, 134; The Law on 128; and Moscow Patriarchate 5; and Old Believers 123; and Patriarchate of Constantinople 133; position on war in Ukraine 133; and Russian compatriot policy 129, 134-5 Latvian State Security Service 88, 140, 166, 179, 197, 200 Latvian SSR 54-5, 175 Latvia’s education reform 95-7, 150, 175, 181 Latvia’s citizenship policy 97 Lavrov, Sergey 89, 183-4, 211, 214-16; and partnership of civilizations 109 Lenta.ru 147 Lerhis, Ainärs 69, 72-4, 78, 199 L’Etang, Jacquie 32 Linuza, Laima 200 Lithuania 31, 72; and Estonia, and Latvia 55-6, 58-9, 62, 70, 114; as a frontline state 220; and Kaliningrad region 194; Metropolitan of 132; and NATO 47, 164, 215, as a part of Western civilization 112; Orthodox Church in 133; and Poland 191; Russian-speaking audience of 180; Soviet occupation of 48, 81; as a supporter of Ukraine 167; and United States 87 Livonia 191 Livonian: Confederation 191; Order 112, 191 Lucas, Edward 123, 215 Lukashenko, Alexander 31 Ludwig, Jessica 2, 11, 12, 14, 27, 36, 221 Ludza 79, 200, Ludzas Zeme 200-1 Luzhkov, Juriy 90, 93, 181,195; and Nils Usakovs 181 ; and
Russian compatriot policy 196, 180 Maidan Revolution 151 Makarychev, Andrey 112 Maslyakov, Aleksandr 209 media agenda setting 4, 28, 153 media policy: Russia’s 153, of authoritarian Russia 227 Medinsky, Vladimir 71-2, 79 Medvedev, Dmitry 60, 62, 181, 211 Melissen, Jan 11, 17, 19, 33 memory diplomacy 4, 68; activities in Latvia 73-4, and asymmetry 221; Kremlin’s 74; Russia’s 80-3; and security threat 79; as a tool of sharp power 75 Merkel, Angela 60, 209 Metropolitan Aleksandrs 124, 128-9, 130, 132, 133-4 Mezhevich, Nikolai 148 MH 17: the downing of 159 Michlin-Shapir, Vera 38 Mikhalkov, Nikita 68 Mikhalkov, Sergey 68 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation 94 Moldova 123, 195 Moscow government 90, 129, 181, 195 Moscow City Council 124, 129, 195 Moscow Patriarchate 5, 123, 125, 129, 135; cooperation with the KGB 122; during Putin’s rule 124; and Latvian Orthodox Church 126-7, 130, 132, 134; as a part of civil society 21; and war in Ukraine 131, 133 Muiznieks, Nils 93, 132 multipolarity: and ‘Russian world’ 109 National Electronic Media Council 227 National Endowment for Democracy 2 national security 22, 80, 146, 159, 198; and democracy 3, 63, 164-5, 168, 221, 223; freedom of religion and 132-4; Latvia’s 60-1, 139, 153, 169, 179, 200; and propaganda of Russian history 79; risks of 41, 100, 153, 161; and sharp power 14; threats 195, 197 ‘Nations in Transit’ 113-14 NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence 79 Navalny, Alexei 30, 114, 182
Index 233 new normative order 4 New Wave 117-18, 214 Nissen, Thomas Elkjer 39, 161 non-military influence 11 normative power 37, 111; defensive 112 NTV 30; Mir 76, 145, 184; Mir Baltic 144 Nye, Joseph 17, 19-20, 29, 36-7, 101, 107, 115, 158; attractiveness based soft power 8; the founder of the concept of soft power 1, 4, 9, 225; and information age 159; and openness of society 226 Obama, Barack 209 Old Believers 123, 127-9, 192 OSCE 93, 211 Orthodox Church in Lithuania 133 Orthodox civilization 109, 112, 119, 123; Eastern 222 Orthodoxy 122-3; Eastern 113; in Latvia 5, 126-7, 129, 132; in Russia 21, 126; and ‘Russian world’ 108; securityzation of 125, 134 paradiplomacy 189, 201; in Latgale 192 Pauls, Raimonds 118 Patrushev, Nikolai 126 Pavlovsky, Gleb 177 Pavlovsky, Igor 192 Pocheptsov, Georgy 28-9 Podmazovs, Arnolds 127 Poland 29, 31, 72, 75, 198, 215; and the Baltic states 61; conservatives in Latvia and 115; and Latgale 191; NATO multinational battalions in 152; NATO’s presence in 163-4, 201; as a supporter of Ukraine 167 Poloskova, Tatyana 108, 176 Pommers, Jänis 126 Prague Spring 54 Prigozhin, Yevgeny 161-2 Prokopenko, Igor 35 propaganda 2, 11, 19, 30, 32-4, 62, 72, 126, 141, 145, 162, 214-15; anti-Russian 151; campaigns 76, 179; channels 144; clichés 59, 150; and conspiracy 35; and disinformation 1, 6, 14, 22, 185, 227; during Putin’s rule 73; as an element of information war 38; humour as an element of 206; Kremlin 132, 145, 153, 164-5; in Latvia 143, 159; and public diplomacy 17-18; Russian 92, 97, 141, 151, 163, 200-1; of Russian history 79, 81, 83, 199; in social
media 161; Soviet 52-3, 55, 57, 69; as a tool of sharp power 4, 41-2, 223; war propaganda 154, 213 Protestantism 112-13 Prussians 191 Pskov 194, 196-7 psychological operations: as a component of information war 39; as a tool of sharp power 38 psychological warfare 38-9 Public Chamber 18, 115; of the State Duma 107 public diplomacy 2-4, 16-18, 19, 21-2, 41-2, 74, 207; activities of Russia 8; of authoritarian countries 15, 225; of democratic countries 11, 226; during wartime 131-32; Kremlins’ 79, 142; in Latgale 190, and memory diplomacy 68; new 17-19, 124; 194; and partnership of civilizations 109; the politicization of history in Russia’s 199; and propaganda 33; Russian 20, 63, 75, 81, 92, 201; and Russian Orthodox Church 122, 124-25; and strategic communications 40; sub-dimensions of Russian 5; tasks of 32; as a tool of soft power 9-10 Pugacheva, Alla 118 Re:Baltica 165 Red Army 48-9, 50, 79, 198, 221; cemeteries 82; in Germany 72; monuments 80 reimperialization trajectory 93 REN TV 30, 35, 184 resistance: in Central and Eastern Europe 79; to the Nazis and communists 51; to the Soviet occupation 49, 53, 111; to troll messages 163; Ukrainian 131 restoration of independence 5, 53, 55, 128, 141 RIA Novosti 30, 147 Rinkevics, Edgars 192 Rikveilis, Airis 46, 58 robotrolling 163-4, 168 Roman Catholic Church 125, 191 Rossotrudnichestvo 20, 89, 195 Rotenberg, Arkady 209 Rubaltic.ru 165 Russian Armed Forces 122, 126, 131, 198
234 Index Russian compatriot policy 20, 78, 87, 92-3, 99, 176; and clash of values in Latvia 114; institutional development of 88-9, 90; in Latgale 190, 192, 194-5, 198-9; and Latvia’s citizenship policy 97; and mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov 185, 196; and Russian media in Latvia 141, 149; and Russian Orthodox Church 125; and ‘Russian world’ 106-7, 175; as a tool of Kremlin’s sharp power 100-1, 222; as a threat to Latvia’s national identity 95; in Ukraine 95 Russian culture 91; and asymmetry 119; as a resource of sharp power 115-16; and ‘Russian world’ 107-9 Russian Empire 69, 82-3, 90, 113, 124, 191; and the Baltics 81; Latvia as a part of 74 Russian Foreign Policy Review 109-10 Russian humour 5, 206, 216 Russian Information Security Doctrine 125 Russian media in Latvia 5, 140-2, 154, 172, 223 Russian Foreign and Defence Policy Council 88 Russian Orthodox Church 5, 69, 71, 108, 112; as a consolidator of the ‘Russian world’ 125, 135; and Latvia 122, 129; and Russian authorities 123^1; and Russian public diplomacy 124-5; and war in Ukraine 132, 134; the head of 21, 131 Russian State Duma 18, 142 ‘Russian world’ 118-19, 150, 222; and annexation of Crimea 4, 92; and KVN 209; in Latvia 113, 143, 175-7, 185; in Latgale 194; and multipolarity 109; and normative counterattack on the West 111 ; and the Orthodox Church 5, 125, 135; as a part of the Orthodox civilization 112; as a part of Russian civilization 108; and political parties 224; and Russia’s memory policy 82; and Russia’s soft power 87; as a tool of sharp power 107; the unification of 8, 106 Russian TV channels 74, 76, 184,
209, in Latvia 143-5, 153, 223, 227 Russification 53, 96, 101, 113, 191; of Latvia 54; and migration 50; Soviet 175 Russkiy Mir foundation 150, 175, 180 Russia Today 38, 140 RTR Planeta 144-5, 117 Rezekne 192, 194, 196, 198, 201; Old Believers 128 Saeima 58, 76, 78, 133, 182, 226; and the Constitutional Court 148; and cyber-attack 167; debates 97; elections 162, 174, 178-9, 180; Latvian Parliament 94, 172; member of 129; the Speaker of 128; the 8th 177; the 11th 60 Satversme 47, 94; Latvian Constitution 185 scholarship programmes 22; as a tool of sharp power 4; as a tool of soft power 10, 20, 221 Second World War 17, 48, 70, 73-6, 78, 212; cult of 72; and forest brothers 53, 81; end of 60, 82; ‘rewriting of history’ of 147; situation on the territory of Latvia during 50; veterans of 198 separatism: the instigators of 224; of Latgale 5, 189, 190, 192-3, 201 Serbia 123, 211 sharp power 2-3, 8-13, 15-16, 18, 21-2, 106, 168; against Latvia 58, 115, 152; and asymmetry 14, 101, 116; communication about Latvia 215; cyber-attacks as a tool of 167; and disinformation 32; and hard power 37; and human rights 94; humour as a component of 214, 216; and hybrid war 39-40; and information war 38; and Internet trolls 163; Kremlin’s 41, 100; in Latgale 190, 192, 196-9, 201; lies as an integral part of 181; limits of 36; and media 28, 140, 143, 147, 149, 153-4; methods of 4, 27, 42, 111; Moscow’s informative influence in the Baltics as 220; and Moscow Patriarchate 122, 125, 131-2, 134—5; narratives used in 29; nature of 88; and normative power 112; and popular culture 117-19; power of
authoritarian states 113; propaganda as an integral part of 33; propaganda of Russian history as a tool of 79-83; resilience against 227; ‘Russian world’ as a tool of 107, 222; Russia’s 5-6, 17, 20, 34, 46, 92, 221, 223-7; and social media 159, 164, 169; and soft power 19; and synchronicity 30
Index 235 Shchedrovitsky, Piotr 107-8 Shoigu, Sergei 126, 209 Scholz, Olaf 212 Snow, Nansy 3 Snyder, Jack 21 Snyder, Timothy 215 social media 5, 36, 158-9, 160-1, 168; and bots 163^4; conspiracy stories on 221; and Dmitry Medvedev 211; and traditional media 22, 27 soft power 1-2, 8, 10-11, 14, 21, 94; of authoritarian Russia 209; and attractiveness 15-16, 221; basics of 9; Chinese and Russian 225; cultural diplomacy as a tool of 20; in information age 159; and Internet trolls 163; memory diplomacy as a tool of 68, 72; and NGOs 18-19; and normative power 111-12; and pop culture 116-18, 196; and Russian compatriot policy 101; and ‘Russian world’ 87, 107, 222; and sharp power 4, 12, 22, 36-7; tools of 27-8, 42 Spurina, Maija 114 Sputnik 5, 30, 140, 148, 165, 223; and conspiracy 152 Soloviev, Vladimir 29, 30, 34, 212-13 Soviet occupation 142, 175, 177, 180, 183, 222; and Abrene 175, 213; and Alfreds Rubiks 177; communist rule during 13; consequences of 96-8, 142; cultural traumas caused by 62; education system inherited from 226; and Latgale 192; Latvian diaspora in US during 87; of Latvia 46, 48-9, 52, 83, 126, 133; memorials and monuments during 79, 221; memories of the 63; migration in Latvia during 4, 50, 54, and Nazi occupation 78; New Wave during 117; and Nils Usakovs 180; past experience from 227; repeated 82; symbolic continuation of the 183 Soviet Union 31, 52, 70-1, 73, 80-2, 96; anecdotes in 208; collapse of the 91; and compatriot policy 88, 90; dissident movement in 54; “eternal struggle” in 69; EU as a new 148; and Jurmala 117; KGB in 55; military and repressive
apparatus 52; and Nazi Germany 75, 79; occupation of Latvia by the 48; preservation of the 15; private property in 124; troops in Latvia 56; United States and the 36 spin doctoring 4, 30-1, 42, 153, 223 St. Petersburg 70, 162; and compatriot policy 190, 194-5; congress of the United Russia party in 181; Theological Academy 73; Valdis Zatlers' visit to Moscow and 179; the 4th World Congress of Russian Compatriots held in 99 Stalin’s Gulag camps 211 Stalin-Hitler Pact 72, 74-5, 81 Steinkohl, Jan 112 Stepashin, Sergei 118 strategic communication 2, 4, 6, 28; humour as a tool of 207, 216; infor mation warfare and 38; as a second dimension of public diplomacy 17, 20; and sharp power 40; towards Russia 41 synchronicity 153, 223; as sharp power method 30, 42 Sadurskis, Kârlis 97 Tajikistan 113 The Economist 33, 123, 215 TikTok 158, 160-1 Tishkov, Valery 107-8 trolls 5, 159, 162-4, 168, 172, 223; farms 141, 161 Trump, Donald 159, 165, 211 Turkmenistan 113 Ukraine 8, 13, 28, 31, 33-4, 179; aggression against 1, 6, 189, 69, 196, 206, 213; see also annexation of Crimea; civil infrastructure 198; and Georgia 62, 100, 110; and Latvian Orthodox Church 132-3; and Moscow Patriarchate 123, 131, 134-5; colourful revolution in 59; “demilitarization” of 149; disinformation campaign against 31, 168; Donbas region in 30; eastern 151; events of 2014 in 130, 142; history of 72; humanitarian aid to 63; hybrid war against 141; migration of 50, 95; Russian compatriot policy in 93, 95; Russia’s massive attack on 169; Russia’s invasion of 15, 41, 47, 59, 166, 200, 210, 226-7; Slavic 119, 222;
television tower in 38; territory of 36; war against 21, 161-2, 182, 199, 202,
236 Index 211, 223; war in 4-5, 18, 164-5, 167, 201, 216 Ulmanis, Guntis 57 Ulmanis, Kärlis 48 United Russia 29, 60, 178, 181; and Harmony Center 182, 185; Regional Political Council of 197 USSR 31, 35, 48, 54, 73, 75; Agreement Between Latvia and 49; aggression of 70; anthem of 68; Armed Forces of 56-7; big cities of 51; borders of 55; budget of 52; censorship in 99, 164; citizens 99; and Cold War 111, 119; collapse of 90-1, 93, 98, 106, 122, 149; comedy movies 208; Constitution of 69; crimes 112; dissolution of 177; former republics of 74, 88-9; and German 212; and Germany 77; great power status of 58; historical traditions of 78; history of 82, 126, 221; memorial sites of 80; regime of 53; restauration of 175; Russia as successor of 180, 215; ‘Victory Day’ 72 Usakovs, Nils 78, 181-2, 185; chairman of the Harmony Center 129, 180; journalist 177; mayor of Riga 184 I Van Herpen, Marcel H. 122 Veshnyakov, Aleksandr 60, 149, 181, 189, 198 Visual Manipulation Techniques 31 Vitebsk Governorate 191-2, Voice of America 55 vulnerability 18, 39, 159; of democracy 12-14; of Latgale 193 Vejonis, Raimonds 96 Vîkc-Freiberga, Vaira 58-9, 96, 214 Walker, Christopher 2, 11-12, 14, 27, 36, 221 Yablokov, Ilya 34 Yazov, Dmitry 56 Yeltsin, Boris 47, 57-8, 62, 70, 89, and CIS 88; and Communist Party 71 Yeterday Live 209 Zadornov, Mikhail 208 Zaharna, Rhonda S. 3 Zakharova, Maria 180, 211 Zatlers, Valdis 62-3, 178; visit to Russia 59-60, 124, 132, 179 Zyuganov, Gennady 69 Zdanoka, Tatjana 77-8, 129, 175-7, 198 StastclibiicahoR I MaGnchen ; |
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| author | Kudors, Andis 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)108460163X |
| author_facet | Kudors, Andis 1970- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kudors, Andis 1970- |
| author_variant | a k ak |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049605044 |
| contents | Extremely Sharp Power -- Methods of Sharp Power : Definitions -- The Context : One Hundred Years of Latvian-Russian Bilateral Relations -- History Still Matters : The Kremlin's Diplomacy of Remembrance as One of the Main Elements of Sharp Power -- Russian Compatriot Policy Against Latvian Educational, Language and Citizenship Policies -- 'Russian World' : Geopolitics, Values, and Culture -- The Russian Orthodox Church and Latvia -- Russian Media in Latvia : Much More than 'RT' and 'Sputnik' -- Social Media as a New Ground for Confrontation -- Elections and Referenda in Latvia : 'Neighbour's Footprints in the Backyard' -- The Regional Dimension : Separatism of Latgale that Never Materialized -- The Emotional Side of Sharp Power : From Humour to Rudeness |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1437845380 (DE-599)BVBBV049605044 |
| era | Geschichte 2000- gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 2000- |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Lettland Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV049605044 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:35:16Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:32:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781032534923 9781032534947 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 236 Seiten 25 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240610 |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publishDateSearch | 2024 |
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| spelling | Kudors, Andis 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)108460163X aut Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power Andis Kudors Case of sharp power London ; New York Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2024 236 Seiten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe series Extremely Sharp Power -- Methods of Sharp Power : Definitions -- The Context : One Hundred Years of Latvian-Russian Bilateral Relations -- History Still Matters : The Kremlin's Diplomacy of Remembrance as One of the Main Elements of Sharp Power -- Russian Compatriot Policy Against Latvian Educational, Language and Citizenship Policies -- 'Russian World' : Geopolitics, Values, and Culture -- The Russian Orthodox Church and Latvia -- Russian Media in Latvia : Much More than 'RT' and 'Sputnik' -- Social Media as a New Ground for Confrontation -- Elections and Referenda in Latvia : 'Neighbour's Footprints in the Backyard' -- The Regional Dimension : Separatism of Latgale that Never Materialized -- The Emotional Side of Sharp Power : From Humour to Rudeness "This book explores Russia's relations with Latvia, arguing that Latvia, with a higher proportion of Russian speakers than other Baltic states, is especially vulnerable to Russia's "sharp power." The book highlights how authoritarian and totalitarian regimes are unable to exercise soft power based on the attractiveness of the country's culture and values, which would help them gain the favour of the audience of the target countries, but instead, as in the case of Russia, use public diplomacy, compatriot policy, media policy, propaganda, and disinformation to produce a destructive effect, distorting the democracies of target countries and increasing national security risks. The book provides in-depth detail on how Russia is making use of this "sharp power" in Latvia, examines the consequences and assesses the dangers for the future"-- Geschichte 2000- gnd rswk-swf Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Latvia Latvia / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign public opinion, Latvian Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / 21st century Latvia / Foreign relations / 21st century Mass media and public opinion / Latvia Mass media / Political aspects / Latvia Lettonie / Relations extérieures / Russie Médias et opinion publique / Lettonie Lettonie / Relations extérieures / 21e siècle Diplomatic relations Mass media and public opinion Mass media / Political aspects Latvia Russia (Federation) 2000-2099 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Lettland (DE-588)4074187-4 g Geschichte 2000- z DE-604 Online version 9781003412335 Kudors, Andis Russia and Latvia Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2024 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034949395&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034949395&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Kudors, Andis 1970- Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power Extremely Sharp Power -- Methods of Sharp Power : Definitions -- The Context : One Hundred Years of Latvian-Russian Bilateral Relations -- History Still Matters : The Kremlin's Diplomacy of Remembrance as One of the Main Elements of Sharp Power -- Russian Compatriot Policy Against Latvian Educational, Language and Citizenship Policies -- 'Russian World' : Geopolitics, Values, and Culture -- The Russian Orthodox Church and Latvia -- Russian Media in Latvia : Much More than 'RT' and 'Sputnik' -- Social Media as a New Ground for Confrontation -- Elections and Referenda in Latvia : 'Neighbour's Footprints in the Backyard' -- The Regional Dimension : Separatism of Latgale that Never Materialized -- The Emotional Side of Sharp Power : From Humour to Rudeness Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4074187-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power |
| title_alt | Case of sharp power |
| title_auth | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power |
| title_exact_search | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power |
| title_full | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power Andis Kudors |
| title_fullStr | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power Andis Kudors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia and Latvia a case of sharp power Andis Kudors |
| title_short | Russia and Latvia |
| title_sort | russia and latvia a case of sharp power |
| title_sub | a case of sharp power |
| topic | Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internationale Politik Lettland Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034949395&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034949395&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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