Green Karelia: national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Joensuu
University of Eastern Finland
2022
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| Series: | Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in social sciences and business studies
280 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Personenregister |
| Physical Description: | 336 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9789526146188 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT............................................................................................................. 7 TIIVISTELMÄ......................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................... 11 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS.................................................................. 20 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 23 1.1 Research Questions............................................................................... 25 1.2 Research Methods..................................................................................29 1.3 Theoretical Framework.......................................................................... 37 1.4 Key Concepts.......................................................................................... 41 1.5 Primary Sources..................................................................................... 50 1.6 Previous Research.................................................................................. 56 2 CHANGING TIMES, CHANGING NATURE POLITICS..................................... 65 2.1 Protection of Nature Enters the National Agenda................................ 65 2.1.1 Key Milestones in the History of Protected Areas in the USSR...... 65 2.1.2 The First Protected Areas in the KASSR........................................... 73 2.1.3 The General Policy of the Communist Party and the
Initiatives of the Karelian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences............................ 84 2.1.4 National Parks as a New Form of Nature Protection.................... 92 2.1.5 National Parks in Karelia: The First Steps...................................... 97 2.2 Tourism in Karelia from the 1980s to the 1990s................................. 105 2.2.1 The Structure of Tourism Management at the End of the Soviet Era 105 2.2.2 Finns Go First..................................................................................111 2.2.3 The Case of Kukkasaari................................................................. 114 2.3 A New Attitude to Nature and New Environmental Legislation in Karelia 119 15
2.3.1 The Wind of Change....................................................................... 119 2.3.2 The Commodification of Nature.................................................... 122 2.3.3 Damage Caused by Nature Tourism............................................ 125 2.3.4 Regional Legislation...................................................................... 127 Concluding Remarks..................................................................................... 130 3 PAANAJÄRVI WILDERNESS AREA IN TRANSITION.................................... 133 3.1 Historical Features of Paanajärvi.......................................................... 133 3.1.1 Economic Aspects: Peasants and Reindeer Herders, Lumberjacks and Peddlers.............................................................................................. 133 3.1.2 The Birth of the National Landscape............................................. 141 3.1.3 From Finnish Switzerland to the Soviet Paradise......................... 151 3.2 The Power of Water............................................................................... 155 3.2.1 Paanajärvi as a Source of Water Energy....................................... 156 3.2.2 Local Voices and the Pumped-Storage Hydroelectricity Plant 159 3.2.3 The Results of the Discussion........................................................ 162 3.3 The Nuorunen Mountain Ski Centre.....................................................164 3.3.1 Friendship, Glasnost and Business............................................... 164 3.3.2 Nuorunen as a Symbol of
Confrontation...................................... 166 3.3.3 Journalists Take the Lead............................................................... 171 3.3.4 The Experts Say No.........................................................................174 3.3.5 The Karelian Green Movement...................................................... 179 3.4 Foundation of the Paanajärvi National Park........................................ 183 3.4.1 Uniqueness, Value and Borders.................................................... 183 3.4.2 First Attempts: Tourism without an Eco-Prefix.............................. 188 3.4.3 Whose Land Is it Anyway?............................................................... 192 Concluding Remarks..................................................................................... 195 4 PROTECTED AREAS AND THE FINNISH-SOVIET EU COOPERATION........ 199 4.1 16 Falling Barriers...................................................................................... 199
4.1.1 From the Agreement of Friendship to the Friendship Nature Reserve....................................................................................................... 199 4.1.2 ExpandingCooperation.................................................................. 206 4.1.3 Paanajärvi in a Search for its Own Way......................................... 211 4.1.4 A New Role for Tourism.................................................................. 218 4.1.5 The Blue Road and Reality.............................................................. 222 4.2 Protected Areas in Crisis....................................................................... 226 4.2.1 Management Features................................................................... 226 4.2.2 Everything around Is the People s, Everything around Is Mine: Tourists, Volunteers and Poachers in the Paanajärvi National Park...... 233 4.2.3 Consuming Nature..........................................................................239 4.3 Under the Banner of TACIS................................................................... 246 4.3.1 A Fishing Rod for the Republic of Karelia....................................... 246 4.3.2 Karelia Parks Development Project............................................... 256 4.4 National Parks and Ecotourism in the Glocal Context........................ 265 4.4.1 Tourism in the New Millennium and the Role of Ecotourism...... 265 4.4.2 National Parks as Economic Models.............................................. 272 Concluding
Remarks..................................................................................... 278 CONCLUSION................................................................................................... 281 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 287 INDEX................................................................................................................ 333 17
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INDEX Afanas ev, Oleg 41 Chervyakov, Oleg 98-100,197, Afanas eva, Aleksandra 41 212, 252 Ahde, Matti 201 Colten, Craig E. 40, 282 Aho, Juhani 164,177, 214 Coumel, Laurent 156,181 Aira, Matti 221-223, 225, 253-254 Dahl , Vladimir 46 Alanne, Severi 139 De Chardin, Pierre Teilhard 98 Alvesson, Mats 29 Derevyagin, Valerij 192 Amin, Hafizullah 212 Diamantis, Dimitrios 42 Andropov, Yurij 73 Dijk, Teun A. van 29 Angermuller, Johannes 31 Dokuchaev, Vasilij 66 Antonova, Regina 134 Donohoe, Holly Μ. 41 Averin, Boris 115 Dovbnya, Valerij 113,115,117 Babak, Y. 239, 241-242 Drozdov, Aleksandr 249 Bazegskij, Dmitrij 137, 248, 257 Drozdov, Stanislav 122 Beckman, Andrej 98 Elie, Marc 156 Bell, Jonathan 273-274 Emel yanova, Natal ya 250 Belousova, Nina 86 Ervasti, Seppo 63,134-135,149 Belyaev, Petr 138 Eskelinen, Heikki 120, 255 Berggren, Arendt 138 Fairclough, Norman 30-31 Bizhon, Aleksandr 235-236, 240, Fedchik, Ivan 178, 239 244, 258, 263, 278 Fennell, David 41,43, 214 Blamey, Russell K. 44 Foucault, Michel 30-34, 36, 52 Bolotnikov, Igor 125,188 Friman, Arja 111,121, 234 Borejko, Vladimir 59, 72 Gallen-Kallela, Akseli 133,141-142, Boyd, Stiven 43 148-149, 151 Brady, Lisa 38 Gaynor, Andrea 37 Brezhnev, Leonid 71,73 Gerasimov, Innokentij 92 Bruno, Andy 54, 57-58 Girnth, Heiko 30 Buckley, Ralph 43 Glushanok, Tamara 63 Butcher, Jim 94 Gnusov, B. 111 Bärlund, Kaj 177 Goldman, Marshall I. 58 Ceballos-Lascurain, Hector 41-42 Golubev, Aleksej 114 333
Gor kij, Maksim 66, 68, 74 Koenker, Diane P. 61 -62,106,110 Gorbachev, Mikhail 57-58, 73,117, Kolomycev, Viktor 262 161,163, 200-201, 205, 278, 283 Komarov, Boris (Wolfson, Ze ev) 58 Gorsuch, Anne E. 61 Konarev, Vladimir 248 Gromcev, Andrej 52 Kondrat eva, Svetlana 271 Grotenfelt, Kustavi 135 Korhonen, Emil Arvid 55,141,149 Guardado, Martin 30 Koselleck, Reinhart 35 Habermas, Jurgen 35 Kravchenko, Aleksej 81-82 Harju, Kaj 267 Krejndlin, Mikhail 59, 231 Hayrynen, Aleksandr 166,191 Kuchko, Aleksandr 64, 86, 88, 122, Heikinheimo, Ilmari 144 129,157, 167, 177, 183, 189, 192, Heikkilä, Raimo 53, 62, 200 194,197, 200, 207, 213, 218 Henry, Laura 57,167 Kulikov, Sergej 98 Hersey, Mark D. 37-38 Kundozerov, Valerian 164 Hirn, Yrjö 141 Kurchatov, Igor 155 Hokkanen, Tiina 256 Kuznecov, Oleg 92,199 Hughes, Donald 38-40, 282 Kärreman, Dan 29 Huhtala, Maija 275 Lajus, Yuliya 59 Högmander, Jouko 45, 234, Lawton, Laura J. 42 255-257 Le Roy, Edouard 98 leshko, Evgenij 92, 99, 214 Ledovskih, Elena 249 Inha, Into Konrad 142,149,151 Lefebvre, Henri 246, 286 Ivanov, Igor 265 Leinonen, Heikki 213 Ivanov, V. 239, 241-242 Leinonen, Mikko 213 Jones, Ryan T. 58 Liikanen, Erkki 244-245 Jorgensen, Marianne 30-31 Lindholm, Tapio 62,199-200 Josephson, Paul 57-58 Linnik, Yurij 98 Kaihlanen, Reijo 188 Luk yanov, Vasilij 264 Kaukoranta, Markku 186 Lähteenmäki, Maria 59-60 Keiter, Robert B. T1 Lönnrot, Elias 133 Kekkonen, Urho Kaleva 152 Maingueneau, Dominique 31 Khrushchev, Nikita 70-71 Mainio, Tapio 177 Kianto, Ilmari 55,142 Makar ev, Stepan 74 Kica, Lenian 55,112,164,166,178 Makarevskij, Μ. 98 334
Maksimov, V. 123 Petrov, L. 167,191 Manyuhin, Igor 183 Petrova, K. 164,167,172 Maronoff, Andrej 134 Petäjistö, Leena 275 Mayer, Marius 274 Phillips, Louise 30-31 McNeill, John R. 38-39, 282 Pietikäinen, Sirpa 207 Mehta, Hitesh 44,214 Pietinen 145-146 Meriläinen-Hyvärinen, Anneli 136, Pihlaja, Jaakko 210 144,148 Potahin, Sergej 134 Mihalkov, Sergej 109 Potashev, Valerij 167,172,179, Mihkiev, Artur 208-209 181-182 Mika, Miroslaw 277 Propp, Vladimir 29 Moraleva, Natal ya 249 Prozorov, Sergej 63 Nash, Roderick 37 Puhakka, Riikka 274 Needham, Roger D. 41 Pushkina, Svetlana 186 Nejkovskij, Artur 163 Putin, Vladimir 276 Nekrasov, Mikhail 242-243 Reimers, Nikolaj 93-94,174 Nerush, Nikolaj 207-208 Reisigl, Martin 34, 36 Nesterenko, Ivan 168 Rinne, Reino 158 Nowaczek, Agnes 44, 214 Roe, Alan D. 59-60, 73, 99-100, Nuutinen, Arno 55,144,149 108-109,197 O Gorman, Emily 37 Rouge-Oikarinen, Regis 62,248 Oldfield, Jonathan D. 58 Ruuhijärvi, Rauno 62,199-201, 207 Orams, Mark 44 Ruzanov, Nikolaj 138-139 Orlov, Igor 61 Saapunki, Pauli 55,164-165,178, Orlov, V. 191 191,197 Osipov, V. 102 Saarinen, Jarkko 143, 274 Paasio, Pertti 165 Saint-Hilaire, Konstantin 55,137, Pallasvaara, Eeva 148 144 Pallasvaara, Laura 148 Salmenkivi, Jorma 165,178 Pawlusinski, Robert 277 Sazonov, Sergej 81-82,185 Pedder, A. 74 Schmidt, Klaus 247 Pekkala, Ahti 164,169 Selby, Ashley 275 Perttu, Jukka 177 Semenov, Yakov 55, 212-218, 234, Peter the Great 74 237, 267, 278 335
Shahnik, Semen 155 Vasander, Harri 200 Shlyamin, Valerij 206, 224, 248, Vasari, Yrjö 134-135,173 265, 267 Verigin, Sergej 182 Shtil mark, Felix 59, 66, 70, 85, 92- Vernadskij, Vladimir 98 94, 197, 205 Vinogradov, Nikolaj 74 Skripkin, Mikhail 188,193 Vinokurov, Vladimir 173 Sluckij, Boris 181 Viramo, Juha 171, 212 Smirnov, Y. 170 Virranniemi (brothers) 190, 213, Snytko, Valerian 92 237 Sobisevich, Aleksej 92 Voroncov, Nikolaj 67 Solomeshch, Ilya 182 Weaver, David B. 42 Stalin, Joseph 57-58, 65-68, 71, Webb, David 32-33 74,76 Weiner, Douglas 40, 56-58, 67, 70, Stepanickij, Vsevolod 59, 230-231 110, 167, 180-181, 183 Stepanov, Viktor 213, 227 Westman, Leena 251 Stepanov, Vladimir 115 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 35 Stepashin, Sergej 265 Wodak, Ruth 30-31,34-36 Stewart, Charles 138 Worster, Donald 37-39,132, 282 Stockdale, Aileen 273-274 Yablokov, Aleksej 193 Stahlberg, K.E. 142 Yakkonen, A. 235 Systra, Ylo 103,167,169, 171,186, Yanitskij, Oleg 57-58,180-181, 241 214-216, 242, 256 Yeltsin, Boris 120, 228 Titov, Aleksandr 207, 209-210 Yltiö, Ivar 147 Trofimov, Aleksandr 115 Yurchikova, Elena 61 Törmänen, Heikki 133-134 Zabelina, Natal ya 46,49, 95-96, Törmänen, Juho 133-134 100,216 Törmänen, Sihveri 133-134 Zawilinska, Bernadetta 277 Vampilova, Lyudmila 124,187,192 Zyabchenko, Sergej 207 336 ;( туепзсе · 33‘sbiblothek
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT. 7 TIIVISTELMÄ. 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 11 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS. 20 1 INTRODUCTION. 23 1.1 Research Questions. 25 1.2 Research Methods.29 1.3 Theoretical Framework. 37 1.4 Key Concepts. 41 1.5 Primary Sources. 50 1.6 Previous Research. 56 2 CHANGING TIMES, CHANGING NATURE POLITICS. 65 2.1 Protection of Nature Enters the National Agenda. 65 2.1.1 Key Milestones in the History of Protected Areas in the USSR. 65 2.1.2 The First Protected Areas in the KASSR. 73 2.1.3 The General Policy of the Communist Party and the
Initiatives of the Karelian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 84 2.1.4 National Parks as a New Form of Nature Protection. 92 2.1.5 National Parks in Karelia: The First Steps. 97 2.2 Tourism in Karelia from the 1980s to the 1990s. 105 2.2.1 The Structure of Tourism Management at the End of the Soviet Era 105 2.2.2 Finns Go First.111 2.2.3 The Case of Kukkasaari. 114 2.3 A New Attitude to Nature and New Environmental Legislation in Karelia 119 15
2.3.1 The Wind of Change. 119 2.3.2 The Commodification of Nature. 122 2.3.3 Damage Caused by Nature Tourism. 125 2.3.4 Regional Legislation. 127 Concluding Remarks. 130 3 PAANAJÄRVI WILDERNESS AREA IN TRANSITION. 133 3.1 Historical Features of Paanajärvi. 133 3.1.1 Economic Aspects: Peasants and Reindeer Herders, Lumberjacks and Peddlers. 133 3.1.2 The Birth of the National Landscape. 141 3.1.3 From Finnish Switzerland to the Soviet Paradise. 151 3.2 The Power of Water. 155 3.2.1 Paanajärvi as a Source of Water Energy. 156 3.2.2 Local Voices and the Pumped-Storage Hydroelectricity Plant 159 3.2.3 The Results of the Discussion. 162 3.3 The Nuorunen Mountain Ski Centre.164 3.3.1 Friendship, Glasnost and Business. 164 3.3.2 Nuorunen as a Symbol of
Confrontation. 166 3.3.3 Journalists Take the Lead. 171 3.3.4 The Experts Say No.174 3.3.5 The Karelian Green Movement. 179 3.4 Foundation of the Paanajärvi National Park. 183 3.4.1 Uniqueness, Value and Borders. 183 3.4.2 First Attempts: Tourism without an Eco-Prefix. 188 3.4.3 Whose Land Is it Anyway?. 192 Concluding Remarks. 195 4 PROTECTED AREAS AND THE FINNISH-SOVIET EU COOPERATION. 199 4.1 16 Falling Barriers. 199
4.1.1 From the Agreement of Friendship to the Friendship Nature Reserve. 199 4.1.2 ExpandingCooperation. 206 4.1.3 Paanajärvi in a Search for its Own Way. 211 4.1.4 A New Role for Tourism. 218 4.1.5 The Blue Road and Reality. 222 4.2 Protected Areas in Crisis. 226 4.2.1 Management Features. 226 4.2.2 Everything around Is the People's, Everything around Is Mine: Tourists, Volunteers and Poachers in the Paanajärvi National Park. 233 4.2.3 Consuming Nature.239 4.3 Under the Banner of TACIS. 246 4.3.1 A Fishing Rod for the Republic of Karelia. 246 4.3.2 Karelia Parks Development Project. 256 4.4 National Parks and Ecotourism in the Glocal Context. 265 4.4.1 Tourism in the New Millennium and the Role of Ecotourism. 265 4.4.2 National Parks as Economic Models. 272 Concluding
Remarks. 278 CONCLUSION. 281 REFERENCES. 287 INDEX. 333 17
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Wodak, R. 2008. Introduction: Discourse Studies - Important Concepts and Terms. In Wodak, R. Krzyzanowski, Μ. Qualitative Discourse Analysis in the Social Sciences. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-29. Wodak, R. 2011. Complex Texts: Analysing, Understanding, Explaining and Interpreting Meanings. Discourse Studies, 13 (5): 623-633. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461445611412745, accessed 16.9.2021. Wodak, R., Maingueneau, D., Angermuller, J. 2014. The Discourse Studies Reader: Main Currents in Theory and Analysis. Amsterdam, Philadelphia PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Worster, D. 1988. Appendix: Doing Environmental History. In Worster, D. (ed.), The Ends of the Earth. Perspectives on Modern Environmental History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 289-307. Wynn, G., Gölten, C., Wilson, R.M., Melosi, M.V., Fiege, Μ. Davis, D.K. 2014. Reflections on the American Environment. Journal of Historical Geography, 43,152-168. https://academic-oupcom.ezproxy.uef.fi:2443/envhis/article/1 0/3/404/424759, accessed 9.7.2021. Yanitskij, 0.1993. Russian Environmentalism: Leading Figures, Facts, and Opinions. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. Yanitskij, O. 2010. Russian Environmentalism: The Yanitsky Reader. Moscow: TAUS. Yurchikova, E.V. 2006. Turizm v SSSRv konce 1920-h - nachale 1930-hgodov: organizacionnye ipropagandistskie aspekty dvizheniya. PhD dissertation. Moscow. Zabelina, N.M. 1987. Nacional'nyj park. Moscow: Mysl'. Zapovedniki SSSR. Nacional'nye parki i zakazniki 1991. Sokolov, V.E. 8 Syroechkovskij, E.E. (eds.). Moscow: Mysl'. Zawilinska, B. Mika, Μ.
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INDEX Afanas'ev, Oleg 41 Chervyakov, Oleg 98-100,197, Afanas'eva, Aleksandra 41 212, 252 Ahde, Matti 201 Colten, Craig E. 40, 282 Aho, Juhani 164,177, 214 Coumel, Laurent 156,181 Aira, Matti 221-223, 225, 253-254 Dahl', Vladimir 46 Alanne, Severi 139 De Chardin, Pierre Teilhard 98 Alvesson, Mats 29 Derevyagin, Valerij 192 Amin, Hafizullah 212 Diamantis, Dimitrios 42 Andropov, Yurij 73 Dijk, Teun A. van 29 Angermuller, Johannes 31 Dokuchaev, Vasilij 66 Antonova, Regina 134 Donohoe, Holly Μ. 41 Averin, Boris 115 Dovbnya, Valerij 113,115,117 Babak, Y. 239, 241-242 Drozdov, Aleksandr 249 Bazegskij, Dmitrij 137, 248, 257 Drozdov, Stanislav 122 Beckman, Andrej 98 Elie, Marc 156 Bell, Jonathan 273-274 Emel'yanova, Natal'ya 250 Belousova, Nina 86 Ervasti, Seppo 63,134-135,149 Belyaev, Petr 138 Eskelinen, Heikki 120, 255 Berggren, Arendt 138 Fairclough, Norman 30-31 Bizhon, Aleksandr 235-236, 240, Fedchik, Ivan 178, 239 244, 258, 263, 278 Fennell, David 41,43, 214 Blamey, Russell K. 44 Foucault, Michel 30-34, 36, 52 Bolotnikov, Igor 125,188 Friman, Arja 111,121, 234 Borejko, Vladimir 59, 72 Gallen-Kallela, Akseli 133,141-142, Boyd, Stiven 43 148-149, 151 Brady, Lisa 38 Gaynor, Andrea 37 Brezhnev, Leonid 71,73 Gerasimov, Innokentij 92 Bruno, Andy 54, 57-58 Girnth, Heiko 30 Buckley, Ralph 43 Glushanok, Tamara 63 Butcher, Jim 94 Gnusov, B. 111 Bärlund, Kaj 177 Goldman, Marshall I. 58 Ceballos-Lascurain, Hector 41-42 Golubev, Aleksej 114 333
Gor'kij, Maksim 66, 68, 74 Koenker, Diane P. 61 -62,106,110 Gorbachev, Mikhail 57-58, 73,117, Kolomycev, Viktor 262 161,163, 200-201, 205, 278, 283 Komarov, Boris (Wolfson, Ze'ev) 58 Gorsuch, Anne E. 61 Konarev, Vladimir 248 Gromcev, Andrej 52 Kondrat'eva, Svetlana 271 Grotenfelt, Kustavi 135 Korhonen, Emil Arvid 55,141,149 Guardado, Martin 30 Koselleck, Reinhart 35 Habermas, Jurgen 35 Kravchenko, Aleksej 81-82 Harju, Kaj 267 Krejndlin, Mikhail 59, 231 Hayrynen, Aleksandr 166,191 Kuchko, Aleksandr 64, 86, 88, 122, Heikinheimo, Ilmari 144 129,157, 167, 177, 183, 189, 192, Heikkilä, Raimo 53, 62, 200 194,197, 200, 207, 213, 218 Henry, Laura 57,167 Kulikov, Sergej 98 Hersey, Mark D. 37-38 Kundozerov, Valerian 164 Hirn, Yrjö 141 Kurchatov, Igor' 155 Hokkanen, Tiina 256 Kuznecov, Oleg 92,199 Hughes, Donald 38-40, 282 Kärreman, Dan 29 Huhtala, Maija 275 Lajus, Yuliya 59 Högmander, Jouko 45, 234, Lawton, Laura J. 42 255-257 Le Roy, Edouard 98 leshko, Evgenij 92, 99, 214 Ledovskih, Elena 249 Inha, Into Konrad 142,149,151 Lefebvre, Henri 246, 286 Ivanov, Igor 265 Leinonen, Heikki 213 Ivanov, V. 239, 241-242 Leinonen, Mikko 213 Jones, Ryan T. 58 Liikanen, Erkki 244-245 Jorgensen, Marianne 30-31 Lindholm, Tapio 62,199-200 Josephson, Paul 57-58 Linnik, Yurij 98 Kaihlanen, Reijo 188 Luk"yanov, Vasilij 264 Kaukoranta, Markku 186 Lähteenmäki, Maria 59-60 Keiter, Robert B. T1 Lönnrot, Elias 133 Kekkonen, Urho Kaleva 152 Maingueneau, Dominique 31 Khrushchev, Nikita 70-71 Mainio, Tapio 177 Kianto, Ilmari 55,142 Makar'ev, Stepan 74 Kica, Lenian 55,112,164,166,178 Makarevskij, Μ. 98 334
Maksimov, V. 123 Petrov, L. 167,191 Manyuhin, Igor' 183 Petrova, K. 164,167,172 Maronoff, Andrej 134 Petäjistö, Leena 275 Mayer, Marius 274 Phillips, Louise 30-31 McNeill, John R. 38-39, 282 Pietikäinen, Sirpa 207 Mehta, Hitesh 44,214 Pietinen 145-146 Meriläinen-Hyvärinen, Anneli 136, Pihlaja, Jaakko 210 144,148 Potahin, Sergej 134 Mihalkov, Sergej 109 Potashev, Valerij 167,172,179, Mihkiev, Artur 208-209 181-182 Mika, Miroslaw 277 Propp, Vladimir 29 Moraleva, Natal'ya 249 Prozorov, Sergej 63 Nash, Roderick 37 Puhakka, Riikka 274 Needham, Roger D. 41 Pushkina, Svetlana 186 Nejkovskij, Artur 163 Putin, Vladimir 276 Nekrasov, Mikhail 242-243 Reimers, Nikolaj 93-94,174 Nerush, Nikolaj 207-208 Reisigl, Martin 34, 36 Nesterenko, Ivan 168 Rinne, Reino 158 Nowaczek, Agnes 44, 214 Roe, Alan D. 59-60, 73, 99-100, Nuutinen, Arno 55,144,149 108-109,197 O'Gorman, Emily 37 Rouge-Oikarinen, Regis 62,248 Oldfield, Jonathan D. 58 Ruuhijärvi, Rauno 62,199-201, 207 Orams, Mark 44 Ruzanov, Nikolaj 138-139 Orlov, Igor' 61 Saapunki, Pauli 55,164-165,178, Orlov, V. 191 191,197 Osipov, V. 102 Saarinen, Jarkko 143, 274 Paasio, Pertti 165 Saint-Hilaire, Konstantin 55,137, Pallasvaara, Eeva 148 144 Pallasvaara, Laura 148 Salmenkivi, Jorma 165,178 Pawlusinski, Robert 277 Sazonov, Sergej 81-82,185 Pedder, A. 74 Schmidt, Klaus 247 Pekkala, Ahti 164,169 Selby, Ashley 275 Perttu, Jukka 177 Semenov, Yakov 55, 212-218, 234, Peter the Great 74 237, 267, 278 335
Shahnik, Semen 155 Vasander, Harri 200 Shlyamin, Valerij 206, 224, 248, Vasari, Yrjö 134-135,173 265, 267 Verigin, Sergej 182 Shtil'mark, Felix 59, 66, 70, 85, 92- Vernadskij, Vladimir 98 94, 197, 205 Vinogradov, Nikolaj 74 Skripkin, Mikhail 188,193 Vinokurov, Vladimir 173 Sluckij, Boris 181 Viramo, Juha 171, 212 Smirnov, Y. 170 Virranniemi (brothers) 190, 213, Snytko, Valerian 92 237 Sobisevich, Aleksej 92 Voroncov, Nikolaj 67 Solomeshch, Ilya 182 Weaver, David B. 42 Stalin, Joseph 57-58, 65-68, 71, Webb, David 32-33 74,76 Weiner, Douglas 40, 56-58, 67, 70, Stepanickij, Vsevolod 59, 230-231 110, 167, 180-181, 183 Stepanov, Viktor 213, 227 Westman, Leena 251 Stepanov, Vladimir 115 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 35 Stepashin, Sergej 265 Wodak, Ruth 30-31,34-36 Stewart, Charles 138 Worster, Donald 37-39,132, 282 Stockdale, Aileen 273-274 Yablokov, Aleksej 193 Stahlberg, K.E. 142 Yakkonen, A. 235 Systra, Ylo 103,167,169, 171,186, Yanitskij, Oleg 57-58,180-181, 241 214-216, 242, 256 Yeltsin, Boris 120, 228 Titov, Aleksandr 207, 209-210 Yltiö, Ivar 147 Trofimov, Aleksandr 115 Yurchikova, Elena 61 Törmänen, Heikki 133-134 Zabelina, Natal'ya 46,49, 95-96, Törmänen, Juho 133-134 100,216 Törmänen, Sihveri 133-134 Zawilinska, Bernadetta 277 Vampilova, Lyudmila 124,187,192 Zyabchenko, Sergej 207 336 ;( туепзсе ·' 33‘sbiblothek |
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| spelling | Osipov, Aleksandr Jurʹevič Verfasser (DE-588)1242928839 aut Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s Alexander Osipov Joensuu University of Eastern Finland 2022 336 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in social sciences and business studies 280 Dissertation University of Eastern Finland 2022 Geschichte 1988-2001 gnd rswk-swf National parks and reserves Natural areas Tourism Ecotourism Ökotourismus (DE-588)4372085-7 gnd rswk-swf Nationalpark (DE-588)4075220-3 gnd rswk-swf Republik Karelien (DE-588)4029659-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Republik Karelien (DE-588)4029659-3 g Nationalpark (DE-588)4075220-3 s Ökotourismus (DE-588)4372085-7 s Geschichte 1988-2001 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-952-61-4619-5 Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in social sciences and business studies 280 (DE-604)BV036710258 280 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034728105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034728105&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034728105&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Personenregister |
| spellingShingle | Osipov, Aleksandr Jurʹevič Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s Publications of the University of Eastern Finland. Dissertations in social sciences and business studies National parks and reserves Natural areas Tourism Ecotourism Ökotourismus (DE-588)4372085-7 gnd Nationalpark (DE-588)4075220-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4372085-7 (DE-588)4075220-3 (DE-588)4029659-3 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s |
| title_auth | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s |
| title_exact_search | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s |
| title_full | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s Alexander Osipov |
| title_fullStr | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s Alexander Osipov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Karelia national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s Alexander Osipov |
| title_short | Green Karelia |
| title_sort | green karelia national parks and ecotourism in the republic of karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s |
| title_sub | national parks and ecotourism in the Republic of Karelia from the 1980s to the 2000s |
| topic | National parks and reserves Natural areas Tourism Ecotourism Ökotourismus (DE-588)4372085-7 gnd Nationalpark (DE-588)4075220-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | National parks and reserves Natural areas Tourism Ecotourism Ökotourismus Nationalpark Republik Karelien Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034728105&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034728105&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034728105&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036710258 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT osipovaleksandrjurʹevic greenkarelianationalparksandecotourismintherepublicofkareliafromthe1980stothe2000s |