The cost of free land: Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance
"An award-winning author investigates the entangled history of her Jewish ancestors' land in South Dakota and the Lakota, who were forced off that land by the United States government. "A brilliantly conceived family history, one that places questions of responsibility and atonement a...
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| Language: | English |
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[2023]
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Summary: | "An award-winning author investigates the entangled history of her Jewish ancestors' land in South Dakota and the Lakota, who were forced off that land by the United States government. "A brilliantly conceived family history, one that places questions of responsibility and atonement at the center of the conversation about America's political future."--the Whiting Foundation. Growing up, Rebecca Clarren only knew the major plot points of her tenacious immigrant family's origins. Her great-great-grandparents, the Sinykins, and their six children fled antisemitism in Russia and arrived in the United States at the turn of the 20th century, ultimately settling on a 160-acre homestead in South Dakota. Over the next few decades, despite tough years on a merciless prairie and multiple setbacks, the Sinykins became an American immigrant success story. What none of Clarren's ancestors ever mentioned was that their land, the foundation for much of their wealth, had been cruelly taken from the Lakota by the United States government. By the time the Sinykins moved to South Dakota, America had broken hundreds of treaties with hundreds of Indigenous nations across the continent, and the land that had once been reserved for the seven bands of the Lakota had been diminished, splintered, and handed for free, or practically free, to white settlers. In The Cost of Free Land, Clarren melds investigative reporting with personal family history to reveal the intertwined stories of her family and the Lakota, and the devastating cycle of loss of Indigenous land, culture, and resources that continues today. With deep empathy and clarity of purpose, Clarren grapples with the personal and national consequences of this legacy of violence and dispossession [...]." |
| Physical Description: | 335 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780593655078 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Note on terminology -- Prologue -- Beyond the pale -- The holocaust at home -- Jewface on the frontier -- 'Kill the Indian...save the man' -- Little shtetl on the prairie -- In di shvartse berg -- The arrow for the plow -- A shanda -- A triple threat -- Oh to be a Jewish Rockefeller -- Epilogue: an American inheritance -- Author's note -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Resources for further research -- Index | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "An award-winning author investigates the entangled history of her Jewish ancestors' land in South Dakota and the Lakota, who were forced off that land by the United States government. "A brilliantly conceived family history, one that places questions of responsibility and atonement at the center of the conversation about America's political future."--the Whiting Foundation. Growing up, Rebecca Clarren only knew the major plot points of her tenacious immigrant family's origins. Her great-great-grandparents, the Sinykins, and their six children fled antisemitism in Russia and arrived in the United States at the turn of the 20th century, ultimately settling on a 160-acre homestead in South Dakota. Over the next few decades, despite tough years on a merciless prairie and multiple setbacks, the Sinykins became an American immigrant success story. What none of Clarren's ancestors ever mentioned was that their land, the foundation for much of their wealth, had been cruelly taken from the Lakota by the United States government. By the time the Sinykins moved to South Dakota, America had broken hundreds of treaties with hundreds of Indigenous nations across the continent, and the land that had once been reserved for the seven bands of the Lakota had been diminished, splintered, and handed for free, or practically free, to white settlers. In The Cost of Free Land, Clarren melds investigative reporting with personal family history to reveal the intertwined stories of her family and the Lakota, and the devastating cycle of loss of Indigenous land, culture, and resources that continues today. With deep empathy and clarity of purpose, Clarren grapples with the personal and national consequences of this legacy of violence and dispossession [...]." | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804186118461063168 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY PROLOGUE I. BEYOND THE PALE xiii I II 2. THE HOLOCAUST AT HOME 3i 3. JEWFACE ON THE FRONTIER 57 4. “KILL THE INDIAN . . . SAVE THE MAN” 69 5. LITTLE SHTETL ON THE PRAIRIE 89 6. IN DI SHVARTSE BERG III 7. THE ARROW FOR THE PLOW 133 8. A SHANDA 151 9. A TRIPLE THREAT 41 10. OH TO BE A JEWISH ROCKEFELLER !95 EPILOGUE: AN AMERICAN INHERITANCE 217 AUTHOR’S NOTE 237 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 241 NOTES 245 RESOURCES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 317 INDEX 34
INDEX NOTE: Italic page locators indicate photographs. Abdurraqib, Hanif, 222-23, 312« Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, 54 Abinanti, Abby, 5-8, 38, 86,168-69, 223, 228, 230, 237, 246« Abourezk, Kevin, 239 Abramovitsh, S. Y., 19, 248η activism (Native American), 74, 83,123, 150,188-91, 233-35 AdolfHitler (Toland), 55, 260η Agreement of 1877,121-24, 257«, 266η Alexander II of Russia, 11,15,16 Alexander III of Russia, 16,19-20, 247η, Alger, Horatio, 90 Ambler, Marjane, 202, 298» American Civil Liberties Union, 226 American Economic Review, 35 American Indian Movement (AIM), 2,188 Am Olam, 21, 249« anthrax, 151-52, 291η Anti-Saloon League, 130,158 antisemitism, 3, n-12,14-16, 20-21, 27, 28-29, 55-56,127,157-60,160, 167-68, 206, 227, 2941 Jewface stereotype, 60-63,104, 108-9, 261n, 262« Arapaho, 45, 46, 57,121, 201, 210-n Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of the Little Bighorn), 45-46 Ararat, 204 Argus Leader, 24,186 Army, U.S., 32, 42, 50 Black Hills Expedition of 1874, 43-45,120 during World War 1,135-36 Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54,53,58 Army Corps of Engineers, 174,184-85, 186,188,302« Ashkenazi, 22,120,165, 250« assimilationist policies, 15, 70, 75,104, 43-35, 47- 47-58,173,179,183-84, 224, 233 Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135, 47 Hi Atlantic Refining Company, 207 Bachman, Andy, 251η Bacillus anthracis, 151-52 Badlands National Park, 52 Bald Eagle, Remi, 218, 219-20 Barnett, Benjamin, 8, 86-87,169, 228, 23°, 237-38
324 Battle of the Little Bighorn (Battle of Greasy Grass), 45-46, 49, 53, 74, 127-28 fiftieth anniversary of, 148-50 reenactment of, 149-50, 290» Battle of Wounded Knee. See Wounded Knee Massacre Baum, L. Frank, 54 Bendell, Herman, 268η Berezovsky, Sholom Noach, 193 Berry, E. Y, 176 Beverly Hills, 163 Bibo, Solomon, 268η Biden, Joe, 84 Bigfoot Pass, 51-52 Bismarck, 225 Bismarck Tribune, 45,190, 222 Biss, Eula, 105 Black Elk, 118 Blackface, White Noise (Rogin), 62 Blackfeet Nation, 145-46 Black Hills, 37 author’s visit, 125-28 Expedition of 18 74, 43-45,12 0 Forest Service ownership (logging), 125 history of Lakota in, 37,118-21, 280η immigration to, 115-17 Jews of. See Jew Flats land claim (Agreement of 1877), 121-22,124, 266« taking of land. See Theft of the Black Hills Black Hills Mining Museum, 117, 277л, 2807г Black Hills/White Justice (Lazarus), 122, 254η, 257—259п, 282η Black homesteaders, 212, 309« Black Hundreds, 27 Blackmun, Harry, 123-24 bootlegging, 103,129-31,154-60,166-67, 169-70 Borglum, Gutzon, 122-23, 2З2П Borglum, Lincoln, 122-23,123 Bradley, Bill, 125 Breaking the Iron Bonds (Ambler), 202, 298«, 306« INDEX Brous, Sharon, 193,304η buffalo, 35-36,39-43,55, 4°-33 hunts of, 31-36 eradication of, 41-42,41,55, 252-53», 255η, 2601 recovery of species, 231-232,314η Buffalo, Sarah, 69-70, 71, 264η buffalo dung (“buffalo chips”), 91 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 38, 42, 47, 48, 76-77, 79, 84,125,139-40, 141, 144-46,174,175-76,181-84, 201, 217 Burke Act. See General Allotment Act California Gold Rush, 36 transcontinental railroad, 31, 72 Case, Francis, 182, 297-98»
Case, Ralph Hoyt, 121-22 Casimir III the Great, 14 Caste (Wilkerson), 63, 2 2 0-21, 2 63» caste system, 220-21, 227,311» Cather, Willa, 90 Catherine II (the Great), 15 Catholic Church, 78, 269» cattle, 48, 72, 76, 78, 79,147 anthrax, 151-52 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 226 Central Conference of American Rabbis, 61, 262η Chamberlain Register, scjf Cherry Creek, 121,178-79, 288» chet, 87 Cheyenne River Reservation, 70, 83-86, 89,121,140,184, 267», 2701 assimilation policies on, 133-35 bootlegging, 129-30 buffalo herd, 227-28, 230-33 churches on, 78 COVID deaths, 178 median income, 137, 221,310η Missouri River dams, 185-90,302η oil and gas, 202, 306» ownership, 218-19, 269», 286η, 310» ranching and farming, 47-48, 79, 80, 81-82,146,152,180,181
INDEX relocation program, 180-84 unemployment, 220, 310n Chicago, 183-84 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 148 Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad, 75-76 Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 295η Chinese immigrants, 115-16, 117, 295η Christian conversions, 76-79 Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 203 Cinderella Cosmetics Company, 162-65 Civil War, 31, 42, 43, 211 climate change, 165, 230, 232, 233, 315« Cobell, Elouise, 145-46, 219, 289η Cobell V. Salazar, 145—46, 219 Cody, William (aka Buffalo Bill), 57-59, 58,107,126, 260η, 26m Cohen, Felix S., 160, 299η Cold War, 175,177 colonization, 21, 51, 61, 92, 258—59« Columbus, Christopher, 55 commodity foods, 186,303η Competency Commissions, 137,139,176, 285 л, 286 η concentration camps, 55, 70-71 Condon, Silas, 70, 264« Condon, Tommy, 288η conversion to Christianity, 15, 70, 76-79 Coolidge, Calvin, 159-60, 294« COVID-19 pandemic, 34, 65, 92,144, 178-79, 235, 253η 299« Crazy Horse, 45, 256η Creator, the, 38, 39,119, 229 Crook, George, 73-75, 267« Custer (place names), 128, 284η Custer, George Armstrong, 44,128 Battle of the Little Bighorn (Battle of Greasy Grass), 45-46, 58,127-28, 148-50 Black Hills Expedition of 1874, 44-45,120 Custer Diedfor Your Sins (V. Deloria), 268«,269η 3^5 Dakota Access Pipeline, 233-35 Dakota Basin Oil Company, 199-200, 202-3, 206-8, 305η Dammed Indians Revisited (Lawson), 187, 287η, 302«, 303л, 304η Dances with Wolves (movie), 42 Davis, Marni, 158, 294« Dawes, Henry, 75, 80 Dawes Act. See General Allotment Act Deadwood, in-12,126-27, 27^n Jewish pioneers of, 115-116,126, 271η, 279«,283«
Deadwood (TV show), 116 Deadwood History, Inc., 127 Declaration of Indian Purpose, 188-89 Dell Rapids, 23, 26-27, 64 Deloria, Philip J., 61,141, 258η, гбгл, 262«,287« Deloria, Vine, Jr., 77, 79, 258«, 267«, 268«,269л DeMallie, Raymond J., 39, 255л, 256л Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2010, 224 Department of the Interior, see Interior Department, U.S. Devil’s Tower, 118 diabetes, 34-35,178,186, 299η “dooring,” 225 doublespeak, 38 Doug White Bull Day, 191,304 л DuBray, Fred, 138-39, 230-31, 234, 235-36 Ducheneaux, Les, 190, 220, 227-28, 231 Duffelen, Marilyn van, 62 Dupris, Dana, 128 Duwamish Tribe’s Land Tax, 238-39 Eckstrom, Mikal, 104, 272« “economic rape,” 200-201 Eighteenth Amendment (see Volstead Act or National Prohibition Act) Eisen, Arnold Μ., 67, 264« election of 1872, 45 election of 1924,159 Elements ofIndigenous Style (Younging), xiii Elhanan, Rami, 227,313л
326 Emancipation Proclamation, 76,177 Erdrich, Louise, 176, 303η Estes, Nick, 174-75,182, 255», 271л, 282», 284η, 313л exile, 14, 66-67,120 2O4 264« externalities, 198-99 Farber, Paul, 222 federal boarding schools, see Indian Boarding Schools Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative, 265« Federal Land Bank of Omaha, Г42 Felix, Steve, 108 Fiddler on the Roof(tmdia ), 27 Fifth Amendment, 123-24 Fillmore, Millard, 38-39 Fletcher, Matthew L. Μ., 234, 288л Floyd River, 62 forced fee patents, 137-41,146, 148, 287л Ford, Henry, 158 Forest Service, U.S., 125, 283η Fort Bennett, 47 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 73, 254“55” 266л and Crow, 1851, 38-40 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45, 49, 73,127, 256л, 266л Fort Yates, 234 foster care, 226 fractionation, 218-19, 220, 309л Fragua, Roger, 200-201 Frank, Anne, 56 Frank, Hans, 55 Freire, Paulo, 51, 259л Friedmann, Jonathan L., 126-27, 284« Frightening Bear, 40 “frontier cities,” 115 Galveston Movement, 22, 249« Gender roles Colonialism impact on, 75, 77,145, 232-233, 255л, 262η, 2буп, 289л General Allotment Act, 75, 76, 80,135, 137, 218, 219, 267л, 318 genocide, 59, 71, 86,127,135,168, 223-24 INDEX German immigrants, 20, 22, 92, 104-5, 248-49” German Nazis. See Nazis Ghost Dance, 49-52,77, 78, 255«, 258л Giago, Tim, 124-25, 259л God s Red Son (Warren), 50, 258л, 269η gold, 36,40-41 Black Hills Expedition of 1874, 43-45 Homestake Mine, in, 113-14,117,125, 277-78Л Goodman, Ronald, 118, 281л Grant, Ulysses S., 45,76-77,123, 257л, 268л Great Depression, 163-64 Great Plains, 31-32, 221, 232, 253η Great Sioux Agreement of 1889,
73-74, 75-76, 83,174, 267л Great Sioux Reservation, 42-43, 73, 92, 266« Green Bay Packers, 34 gumbo, 95, 97,106,172 Haaland, Deb, 265«, 315л Hall, Charles, 77, 268л Hardin Chamber of Commerce, 150 Harper s (magazine), 63 Harris, Kamala, 34 Harrison, Benjamin, 50-51 Hebrew Hill (Deadwood), 126 Hebrew language, 14, 87,101,116, 249л heders, 13,116 Heinert, Troy, 232 hemp, 1-2, 214, 234 Her Many Horses, Cleve, 78-79 He Sapa, 37, 45,118-21 hevruta, 8, 86-87 Hidden Cost ofBeing African American, The (Shapiro), 212 High Back, Paul, 52, 53-54, 259« Hitler, Adolf, 55, 81,150, 160, 180, 223 Hitler s American Model (Whitman), 160, 260л, 270л, 295л, Holocaust, 55-56,193, 223, 234, 248«, 251л, 312л Homestake Mine, tn, 113-14,117,125, 277-78Л, 280л
INDEX Homestead Act of 1862, 21, 84, 94, 212, 213, 273« homesteading (homesteaders), 25-28, 59,. 83, 89-101, 212-13 Black, 212, 309« claims of Sinykin children, 3-4, 13, 245η. See also specificfamily members estimates of numbers, 3091 Jews ofJew Flats. See Jew Flats Hong, Cathy Park, 96, 274η Hoover Commission, 176, 298« Hoover Dam, 211 Horn, Dara, 227, 247η Horse Creek Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 254-55« horses cultural importance, 35, 79, 253« federal confiscation of Lakota, 48.74 thieving, 98 Hotchkiss guns, 52,53 House Concurrent Resolution 108,177 How the West Was Really Won (play), 211-12 How the West Was Won (movie), 210-12 hydropower, 187-88, 230, 238 Iktomi, 119 “I’m a Yiddish Cowboy (‘Tough Guy Levi’)” (song), 60, 60 immigration, 72-73 of Chinese, 115-16, 117, 295« of Eastern Europeans, 20,159 of German Jews, 20, 22, 92,104-5, 249га of Russian Jews, 3,15,19-22, 24-29 Immigration Act of 1924,159, 295« Indian Affairs. See Bureau of Indian Affairs Indian Boarding Schools, 69-71,102, 138, 233, 265га, 318 Indian Child Welfare Act, 233,313η, 319 Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, 160, 2951 Indian Claims Commission, 175, 256« Indian Country Today, 150, 201, 2667, 282га, 283га, 291га, 306га, 312га, 313η 327 Indian Land Tenure Foundation, 229, 238, 285га, 287га, 315га, 318 Indian New Deal, 160, 295га Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, 287га, 297га Indians in Unexpected Places (P. Deloria), 61, 258га, 261га, 262га, 287га Ingalls, Carrie, ιοο-ιοι Ingalls Wilder, Laura, 90,100-101 Interior Department, U.S., 49-50, 75, 83, 121-22,133-35,137,140,160,175,181, 186,188,190, 217, 233 Land
Buy-Back Program, 220,310га Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135, 137, 141, 285га InterTribal Bison Council, 232 Israel, Г20,124,173, 223, 227 istclya, 77 Jackson, Andrew, 36 Jacobs, Margaret, 239, 312га, 314га, 315га, 316η, Janis, Patrick, 124 Japanese Americans, internment of, t8o-8r, 300η Jewface, 60-63,104.108~9, 261га, 262га Jew Flats, 2,12-13, 89-109,151-53 author’s visit, 89,106,213—315 boundary of, 89-90 deeds and mortgages, 144-45 drought of 1910,106-7 education and schooling, 102,102 Lakota and, 101-5, 203-5 life on, 94-101 oil exploration and, 195-98 religion and worship, rot Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society (JAIAS), too Industrial Removal Office, 21-22 Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation (JASHP), 126, 283га Jewish Cowboy (Raboy), 104 Jewish Farmer, The, too, 275га Jewish farmers, 21-22, 31, 94-96, 99—100, 249га, 274га, 307га. See also Jew Flats
328 Jewish rituals, 66-67 B’nai (bar) mitzvah, 25,116, 214 death,165 mikvah, 3 shabbat, 86,157 Jews and Booze (Davis), 158, 2941 Johnson-Reed Act (Immigration Act of 1924), 159, 2957 Jordan . Harvey, 60, 2612г Kansas Pacific Railroad, 26022 Kapulyc, 16-20, 22-24, 28-28, 227, 24822 Kenel, 185, 217 Klinger, Jerry, 126, 2832г Koffman, David S., 105, 26222, 29522, 29822, 30722 kosher, 24, tor, 152, 2912г Kozberg, Hyman, tot Kozberg, Jake bootlegging of, 154-56 business ventures of, 64-65,154-56, 162-65, 2922г death of, 208-9 Homestake Mine of, in, 113—14, 117, 125 homesteading and landholdings of, 99, 109,170 in Lead, 111-15,113,114,116,120,128-31 marriage to Ruth, 109 naturalization ceremony of, 115 in St. Paul, 109,153-54 Kozberg (Bernstein), Pauline, 92, 128-30,153,153,169, 209 Kozberg, Ruth Sinykin homesteading and landholdings of, 92, 93-94, 96, 98, 102, 109,170,173, 186,199, 202, 208, 209, 29722 immigration to America, 27 in Lead, III-15, 114,116,120, 128-29,130 marriage to Jake, 109 oil business of, 199 in Russia, 18 in Sioux City, 59-60 in St. Paul, 109,130,152-56,136, 164-65,166-67 Ku Klux Klan, 28,122,157 INDEX Lakota activism, 188-91, 233-35 assimilationist policies, 133-35,137, 173,179,183-84 Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of the Little Bighorn), 45-46 buffalo and buffalo hunts, 31-36, 39-43, 230-232, 2512г, 252η, 253« Christian conversions, 76-79 diabetes and health statistics, 34-35, 178,186, 2991 diet, 34-35,186 family structure, 252-5322 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851,38-40, 73, 254-55” Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45. 49 73, I27 2562г, 2662г Ghost Dance,
49-52, 77, 78, 2552г, 25822 Great Sioux Agreement, 73-74, 75-76, 83,174, 2672г history in He Sapa (Black Hills), 37, 118-21, 2802г Jews ofJew Flats and, 101-5, 203-5 language, 39,119-20,193, 231, 234. 3J5” land, 38, 80, 83,189, 26622, 2832г Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135, 137. Hi median income, 221,310η status of women, 40, 77, 255η Theft of the Black Hills. See Theft of the Black Hills use of term, xiii Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54,58 Lakotas and the Black Hills, The (Ostler), 124 Lakota Star Knowledge (Goodman), 118 Lakota Times, 124-25 land allotments, 171-73 General Allotment Act, 75, 76, 80, 135,137, 218, 219, 26722,318 #LandBack, 125, 238,3152г land buybacks, 220, 229, 238,3102г land-grant universities, 230, 238, 25622 Cohne, Fanny (Sinykin), 18, 23, 24, 93, 93, 98-99, i°8, Ц2, tS^i 29гп
INDEX land takings. See also Theft of the Black Hills Black Hills land claim (Agreement of 1877), 121-22,124, 266η chronology of federal land grabs, 73, 266-6722 Congress abolishes treaty making, 266n forced fee patents, 137-41,146,148 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 73, 254-55«, 266η Fort Laramic Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45, 49, 73,127, 25622, 26622 General Allotment Act, 75, 76, 80, 135,137, 218, 219, 267η Lone WolfV. Hitchcock, 82-83,123-24, 174, 318 resources, 318 Wild West shows and mythologizing, 57-59, 26on LaPointe, James, 118-19, 281« La Salle Drug Company, 159 Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135,137, 141, 28522 Last Call (Okrent), 159, 294η Laws of Repentance, 169, 228-29 Lawson, Michael L., 186-87, 297« 3O2« 303n, 3°4« Lazarus, Edward, 44,122 Lazarus, Emma, 286η Lead, South Dakota, ш-14,128-31 Lead Daily Call, 109, 129 Learningfrom the Germans (Neiman), 223, 260n, 312η leases and leasing, 48, 78, 80-82,121, 144-47,148 Leavenworth Penitentiary, 167,170 Lebensraum, 55 Legends ofthe Lakota (LaPointe), 118-19, 28122 lekshi, 191 Lincoln, Abraham, 46 Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, 127-28 Little Bighorn Days, 150, 2901 Little House on the Prairie (Wilder), 90, 105,Ч2 329 loans (for farmers), 28, too, 141-42,153, 184,288 Lobby Liquor House, 112,129 Lone WolfV. Hitchcock, 82-83,r23-24, 174, З18 Long, Stephen Harriman, 36, 25421 Lost Tribe theory, 202-5, 3072! Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, 175 McLaughlin, Jeff, 191-94 Maimonides, 8,169, 228-29, 3142z Mandan Daily Pioneer, 197 Manifest Destiny, 37, 43, 55, 73 , 254« Manitou, SS, 27-28 Marsh, Herbie,
92-93,108,162-63, 213 Marshall, Hannah, 127 Mathô sap’ic’iye (Painted Bear), 39 May Laws, 19-20, 24822 Mazel Tov (boat), 158 Medal of Honor, 54, 259-6022 Medicine, Beatrice, 77, 2672г, 26822 Melcher, Herschel V., 182 mikvah, 3, tot Miles, Nelson A., 46-47 Mini-Kin Sinykin Reunion, 90, 97, 2υ-ΐ5 Minneapolis, 13,155,167 Minor Feelings (Hong), 96, 2742г missing and murdered Indigenous people, 226 Missouri River, 36,171 flooding, 173 Missouri River Basin Project, 173, 174-75,18 4-9 0, 2 9 7-9 8 22 Mitchell, David D., 38-40 Mnicoujou Lakota, 32, 35, 37, 40, 46-47, 51,54,103,177 Momaday, N. Scott, 38, 25422 Monument Lab, 222, 3112г Moskowitz (Marsh), Issie homesteading and landholdings of, 108,142,151-53,161,161-62,170, 291-9222 marriage to Rose, 108-9 in St. Paul, 162-63,167
33° Moskowitz (Marsh), Rose Sinykin homesteading and landholdings of, 3, 92-93, 95, 96, 97-98, /02,103,108, 142,151—53, 161, 161-62,170, 245η, 291-92« immigration to America, 27-28, 139, 286« legacy of Faige Etke, 213-14 marriage to Issie, 108-9 in Russia, 18 in Sioux City, 59-60 in St. Paul, i$6,162-63 Mt. Moriah Cemetery (Deadwood), 126 Mount Rushmore, 122-23, l23i 12Y 127, 282« Mt. Zion (Hebrew Hill; Deadwood), 126 Myer, Dillon S., 180-83 mythologizing, 3, 59, 222-23 of Wild West shows, 57-59,58, боп, 201« of Pocahontas, 261η of Lost Tribe theory, 204 Nachman of Bratzlav, 230 naduwessi, xiii National Indian Youth Council, 188 National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, 265« Native American Rights Fund, 265«,287η Native Governance Center, 238, 315« Native Races ofthe Pacific States ofNorth America (Bancroft), 203-4,307л nativism, 159-60 Nazis (Nazism), 28-28, 54, 55-56, 71, 81, 159, 223 Neiman, Susan, 223, 260η, 312η Nelson, Paula Μ., 100-101, 273η, 274η, 275«, tyjn, 288η, 295” New York City, 20-22, 248« New York Times, 20, 61, 210, 221, 246«, 268«, 307«, 311« Nichols V. Rysavy, 287η Noem, Kristi, 222, 304« Norman, Robert, 53, 54, 259« Northern Pacific Railroad, 73 INDEX North Western Railroad, 129,130-31 Not Without Our Consent (Valandra), 189, 298η, зооп Oahe Dam, 175,182,185-86,188,190, 302«, 304« Obama, Barack, 125, 224 Occident, The, 204 Oceti Sakowin, use of term, xiii Odesa pogroms, 11-12,16-17, 27, 246η Oglala Lakota, 45,118,124, 224, 290« United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24, 234 oil and gas exploration, 195-210 history on Indigenous land,
200-202, 298« Okrent, Daniel, 159, 294« On Repentance and Repair (Ruttenberg), 169, 296«, 314« Oregon Trail, 36-37, 40 Orkin (Kozberg), Etta, 12-13,165,166, 209, 21$ on Faige Etke and Harry, 23-24, 65, 93, 96-97,165,166 family history and tree, 90, 245« on father Jake, 109,113—14, 116,166, 167-68,170, 208-9 values, 157, 215 St. Paul tour, 157 Oskow, Aviva, 51-52,106,157,166 Oskow, Cathi, 25, 26-27, 47 Ostler, Jeffrey, 124, 255«, 257л, 260« O’Sullivan, John L., 37, 254« Our History Is the Future (Estes), 174-75, 182, 254«, 271«, 282«, 284«, 313« OurJewish Farmers (Davidson), 204, 275« Outlook, The (magazine), 140 Painted Bear (Matho sap’ic’iye), 39 Pale of Settlement, 15-16, 21-22, 27, 29-20, 67,158 Palestinians, 223, 227 Partition of Poland, 14-15 Paupersville (Abramovitsh), 19, 248« “peace policy,” 77, 268η Pedagogy ofthe Oppressed (Freire), 51, 258 л
INDEX Pedro Bugle, ιοί Pennington County Currant, 197 People Love DeadJews (Horn), 227, 247η Permanent Indian Frontier, 36 Philip (town), 142-43 photographs, value of, 143-44, 289л Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program, 173,174-75,184-88,189-90, 2971 Pierre Indian School, 150 Pine Ridge Reservation, 1-2, 5, 48, 52, 145,147, 221, 225, 226, 234, 261η, 287η, 289η, 313η Platt, Orville, 80, 269η Pocahontas, 6r, 2621 pogroms. See also Russian pogroms use of term, 12, 63 Poland, 14-15 police killings of Native Americans, 226,313η Polk, James, 37 Prairie Knights Casino, 34 Pratt, Richard Henry, 71, 265« Prohibition, 129-31,154-55,157-60, 284η, 293η, 294« “proved up,” 106,108, 309η Quapaw Nation, 139 racism, 6-7, 59, 73, 81,116, 128,139-40, 159-60,175-76,182-83, 225~27, 2657г, 296η, 313η railroads, 31, 38, 72, 75-76,141-42 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 148 Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad, 75-76 Kansas Pacific Railroad, 260« Northern Pacific Railroad, 73 North Western Railroad, 129,130-31 transcontinental railroad, 31, 38, 72, 266η Rapid City Indian School, 69-70, 71, 264« Rapid CityJournal, 32,197 rations, 70,147,178, 256η Red Cloud, 45,52, 74, 2577z 331 redface, 61-62 Reese, Elizabeth, 219 Relocation Program (Voluntary), 180-84,188, 218, 238, 300n Remembering Ahanagran (White), 168, 296« Remove the Stain Act, 54, 260« reparations, 7-8, 223-24, 229 reparations economics, 3147г repentance, 169, 228-29 Reservation Dogs (TV show), 218 restorative justice, 229 Rivers and Harbors Act of 1945, 2977г Rogin, Michael, 62, 2627г Rolling Stone (magazine), 124 Roosevelt,
Franklin, 160, 174 Roosevelt, Theodore, 71, 80, 81,135,141, 266«, 2857г Rosebud Reservation, 78-79, 85-86,118, 147, 23 2, 23 9 Rosen, Jody, 61, 2627г Russian Jews, 14-19 immigration to America, 3,15,19-22, 24-29 Russian Orthodox Church, 15 Russian pogroms, 11-12,16-17,19, 21, 24-25, 27, 28, 59, 96, 2467г Russia Partition of Poland, 14-15 Ruttenberg, Danya, 169, 2967г St. Paul, 153-54, i57~58 bootlegging, 154-60, 293« St. Paul Hotel, 153-54 St. Paul Pioneer Press, 48 St. Paul’s Indian Mission, 62 Sandweiss, Martha A., 143-44, 289« Schunk, Harold W., 2577г Seelig, Joe, 116 Sells, Cato, 139-40, 2877г Seventh Cavalry, 127-28,149 Battle of the Little Bighorn (Battle of Greasy Grass), 45-46, 49,53, 74 Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54,53, 58, 259« Seventh Cavalry Trail, 126 Shabbat; 86,157
332 Shalom, New York, 274» shanda, 154 Shapiro, Thomas Μ., 212,309» Shein, Debra, 107, 2762г shtetls, 15 Shuumi Land Tax, 239 Siberia, 23 Siegel, Cathy, 25022 Sinykin, Benny, 95 Sinykin, Bill, 196, 196-97, 200, 203, 207 Sinykin, Faige Etke, 16-20, /7 children and family life, 17-18,18, 23-24, 25, 59, 93-94, 213-14 death of, 164-65, 296η homesteading and land of, 3, 24, 26, 29, 31, 67, 90-100, 95, ior-2,105, 106,108-9, i52 209, 212, 260η immigration to America, 27-28, 29 legacy of, 165-66 meeting and marriage to Harry, 16-17, 247” relationship with Harry, 96-97 in Russia, 16-20, 23-24, 25 in Sioux City, 59-60, 64, 65-67 in St. Paul, 154, 136,164-65 Sinykin, Florence, 202 Sinykin, Genivieve, 136,164,170 Sinykin, Harry, 13,15-20 birth date, 11, 246« children and family life, 24-25, 213-14 declining health of, 26-27 homesteading and land of, 25-28, 29, 59, 90-92, 96-97, 98,106,108-9, 260n, 264η immigration to America, 23, 24-25 meatpacking plants of, 22, 24, 65-66, 263η relationship with Faige Etike, 96-97 in Russia, 11-12,13,15,16-20, 22-24, 31, 96 in Sioux City, 22, 24, 29, 65-67, 90-92, 96-97, 98, 263« in St. Paul, 154,136 Sinykin,Jack bootlegging of, 154-56,166-67, 169-70 INDEX Borglum and Mount Rushmore, 122, 223, 282η business ventures of, 154-56,162-65, 166-67 homesteading and landholdings of, 26-28, 64, 96-97, 210 immigration to America, 25-26 Joseph White Bull and, 4,34, 62,103, 142-44,144, 288» pressure to succeed, 94,153 in Russia, 18, 24-25 in Sioux City, 65 in St. Paul, 153-54,256,162, 166-67, 285» training dogs for the blind, 154, 170, 29622 Sinykin, Larry, 207,
213 Sinykin, Louie, 4 Borglum and Mount Rushmore, 122, 123, 2 8 2 22 as “Bronco Lou,” 2,197,203, 210 homesteading and landholdings of, 91, 94, 95, 142,170,195, 291-9222, 29722 immigration to America, 27 mobster incident, 164,170,195, 208 movie business and, 210-12 oil business of, 193, 195-200, 202-3, 206-10, 212, 305-622 schooling, 102,104 in Sioux City, 59-60 in St. Paul, 136,164,195 Sinykin, Rose. See Moskowitz (Marsh), Rose Sinykin Sinykin, Ruth. See Kozberg, Ruth Sinykin Sinykin, Sam immigration to America, 20, 21, 22-23, 54-55 in Sioux City, 22-23, 64, 64-65, 72 Sinykin, Sol, 19, 24,136 Sinykin, Ted, 18, 23, 24, 96, 99,130, 45, 156 Sinykin Store, 26-27, 64 Sioux, use of term, xiii Sioux Agreement of 1889, 73-74, 75-76, 83,174, 26722
INDEX Sioux City, 22-23, 57“58, 59-60, 62-63, IO7 Indigenous population of, 62, 262—63п Jews of, 22, 63-67, 89-109 Wild West shows, 57-59 Sioux City Journal, 62 Sitting Bull, 32, 37, 44, 47, 51, 74, 75, 256η, 25711 Slutsk Yeshiva, 101 Small, Diane (Sinykin), rg6,196-97, 203, 206 smallpox, 32, 81 Smith, Joseph, 203 Smith, Rich, 96 social Darwinism, 75, 80 “social uplift,” 71, 85 soddies, 91, % 273η Soldier, Layli Long, 224, 313» “Sorry Books,” 239 South Dakota Rural Credit Board, 142 Spirit Lodge, 119 Spitzer, Toba, 117-18,143, 280η Spotted Eagle, Faith, 228, 314η Spotted Elk, 51-54 Sprague, Donovin, 51-52 Standing Rock Agency, 50-51 Standing Rock Agency Boarding School, 72 Standing Rock Reservation, 83-86,151, 225, 256η, 168«, 289« author’s visit, 33-34,119-20 COVID deaths, 178 Ghost Dance, 49, 50-51 Great Sioux Agreement of 1889, 7З-74, 75-76, 83,174, 267η Fractionation, 217-218 median income, 137, 221,310« Missouri River dams impact, 185-90, 300η oil and gas, 202 population, 270 ownership, 218-19, 270«, 310л racism and, 225-26 ranching and farming, 47-48, 79, 80, 81-82,152,180,181 unemployment, 42, 220, 256η, 310« 333 Stanton, Ann Haber, 115, 271«, 279« Star, Sol, 116 Star of David, 14 starvation, 45, 47, 48, 55, 70,145,147, 201 Statue of Liberty, 139, 286« Stegner, Wallace, 212-13, 309« stem rust, 95 stereotypes Jewface, 60-63, IO4,108-9 of Native Americans, 59, 61-63 Stone Mountain, 122, 282« Sun Dance, 50, 77,118 Supreme Court bias against Indigenous Nations, 234 Lone Wolfv. Hitchcock, 82-83,123-24, 174, 318 Nichols V. Rysavy, 287л United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24
Sweet, Jameson, 43 Swee-Tone, 155, 293« taking of lands. See land takings; Theft of the Black Hills Talmud, 87,193 taxes, 107,137,138,141-42,161,167,170, 202, 238-39 Teller, Henry, 266« Termination policy, 173,176-77,180,181, 188,189, 202, 233, 298«, 303« Theft of the Black Hills, 43-49, 73-76, 80-86,117-25,127-28,134-42, 145-48, 229-30, 280η, 281n, 283« Agreement of 1877,121-24, 266« Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 73 254-55« 266« Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45. 49. 73.T27, 256«, 266« He Sapa and religion, 37, 45,118-21 origin of land claim, 38-46 United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24 Thief, Louis, 175 This American Life (comic), 2, 245« Tippett, Krista, 224, 313« tiyospaye, 35-36, 42, 46, 234, 253« Toland, John, 55, 260« Torah, 66, 87,101,115,117-18, 238
334 transcontinental railroad, 31, 38, 72, 266η Treasury, U.S., 146,190, 20г treaties, 1, 26, 31, 38-40,146, 237-38. See also specific treaties chronology of, 266—67п Truman, Harry, 170,176,180-81 Trump, Donald, 125,128 Trust Land, 141,146 t ‘shuvah, 87 unilinear evolution, 71, 265« United Church of Christ, 78 United Native Americans, 188 United States v. Dupris, 269л United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24 Ute Nation, 62, 201 Valandra, Edward Charles, 189, 298«, 300η Vance, Steve, 81, 256η, 269« Veterans (Native American), 136-38,182, 286,301η Vestal, Stanley, 37, 47, 82, 252л, 254л, 255η, 257л, 25$” völkisch, 160 Volstead Act (see also Prohibition), 154-55,157-59, l66, 293” Waggoner, Josephine, 36, 41, 44-45, 48, 253« Wall Drug, 206, 215 Warpath (Vestal), 37, 47, 82, 252« War Relocation Authority, 180 Warren, Louis S., 50, 258« wasma, 31 Watkins, Arthur, vjh-pj, 181 Wayne, John, 150, 210, 212 Welk, Lawrence, 138 Western States Jewish History Association, 127 westward expansion, 36-37, 43, 72-76 Wex, Michael, 120, 281« WHEREAS (Long Soldier), 224,313« White, Richard, 168, 261η, 266« INDEX White Bull, Doug, 33-35,194, 229, 235 author’s visit, 33-35,128, 231 childhood of, 70-71, 83-84,171-73, 192, 190-94 Christian and Lakota religion, 78 Dances with Wolves, 42 descendant ofJoseph, 253« Doug White Bull Day, 191,304η on experiencing racism, 225-26 on father Jacob, 136,138 gravesite of father, 177-78 on the Holocaust, 55-56, 234 Lakota diet and health, 34-35, 220, 221 Lakota language, 119, 231 Missouri River Basin Project, 185-86, 187-88 reenactment of Battle of the Little
Bighorn, 150 seeking land records, 144-45 tribal lands, 200, 217, 229 White Bull, Frank, 183, 217-18, 225 White Bull, Jacob, 135-39,171-73, 187 during World War 1,135-36,136, 138,172 White Bull, Janet, 221-22 White Bull, Joseph, 33, 74 arrest and imprisonment of, 80-82,145 Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of the Little Bighorn), 45-46,49,53, 74, 127-28,148-49 buffalo hunts, 31-32, 40-41, 252« Christian conversions and, 78 death of, 177-80 family background of, 37, 252-53« farming, 94-95 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851,38-40 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43 Great Sioux Agreement, 73-74 He Sapa and, 37,118 Jack and, 4, 34, 62,103,142-44, /4^,288« removal to reservation, 46-48 Sioux City visit of 1906, 62, 63 theft of lands, 80-84,12I t43 146, 147, 289«
INDEX 335 White Bull (Red Fish), Julia, 171-72, 173-74,185, 187 White Bull-Taken Alive, Juliana, 128 White Bull, Mary, 192 White Bull, Rita, /72 White Bull family gathering of 2021, 225 White Hollow Horn, 47 white supremacy, 28,157,159-60 Whitman, James, 160, 260η, 295^ Whoopee! (movie), 61-62 Wild West shows, 57-59,58, 260η Wilkerson, Isabel, 63, 220-21, 263м Wilson, Woodrow, 13,134-35,137, 139, 141, 2851 Wind Cave, 119 Winter Count, 40, 2557 Wizard ofOz, The (Baum), 54 Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 158, 2941 World Today, 63 World War 1,134-39,172 World War II, 54,175,180,182 Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54, S3i 58, 63, 259η Wovoka, 49, 258η xenophobia, 159-60 Yellowstone National Park, 154, 292« Yellowstone River, 46-47 Yiddish language, 14, 20,120, 28m “Yonkle, the Cow-Boy Jew” (song), 59-60 Younging, Gregory, xiii Yurok Reservation, author’s reporting trip, 6-8 Yurok Tribal Court, 5-6 j Bayerische } I Staatsbibliothek 1 ^ünchsn )
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CONTENTS NOTE ON TERMINOLOGY PROLOGUE I. BEYOND THE PALE xiii I II 2. THE HOLOCAUST AT HOME 3i 3. JEWFACE ON THE FRONTIER 57 4. “KILL THE INDIAN . . . SAVE THE MAN” 69 5. LITTLE SHTETL ON THE PRAIRIE 89 6. IN DI SHVARTSE BERG III 7. THE ARROW FOR THE PLOW 133 8. A SHANDA 151 9. A TRIPLE THREAT 41 10. OH TO BE A JEWISH ROCKEFELLER !95 EPILOGUE: AN AMERICAN INHERITANCE 217 AUTHOR’S NOTE 237 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 241 NOTES 245 RESOURCES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 317 INDEX 34
INDEX NOTE: Italic page locators indicate photographs. Abdurraqib, Hanif, 222-23, 312« Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer, 54 Abinanti, Abby, 5-8, 38, 86,168-69, 223, 228, 230, 237, 246« Abourezk, Kevin, 239 Abramovitsh, S. Y., 19, 248η activism (Native American), 74, 83,123, 150,188-91, 233-35 AdolfHitler (Toland), 55, 260η Agreement of 1877,121-24, 257«, 266η Alexander II of Russia, 11,15,16 Alexander III of Russia, 16,19-20, 247η, Alger, Horatio, 90 Ambler, Marjane, 202, 298» American Civil Liberties Union, 226 American Economic Review, 35 American Indian Movement (AIM), 2,188 Am Olam, 21, 249« anthrax, 151-52, 291η Anti-Saloon League, 130,158 antisemitism, 3, n-12,14-16, 20-21, 27, 28-29, 55-56,127,157-60,160, 167-68, 206, 227, 2941 Jewface stereotype, 60-63,104, 108-9, 261n, 262« Arapaho, 45, 46, 57,121, 201, 210-n Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of the Little Bighorn), 45-46 Ararat, 204 Argus Leader, 24,186 Army, U.S., 32, 42, 50 Black Hills Expedition of 1874, 43-45,120 during World War 1,135-36 Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54,53,58 Army Corps of Engineers, 174,184-85, 186,188,302« Ashkenazi, 22,120,165, 250« assimilationist policies, 15, 70, 75,104, 43-35, 47- 47-58,173,179,183-84, 224, 233 Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135, 47 Hi Atlantic Refining Company, 207 Bachman, Andy, 251η Bacillus anthracis, 151-52 Badlands National Park, 52 Bald Eagle, Remi, 218, 219-20 Barnett, Benjamin, 8, 86-87,169, 228, 23°, 237-38
324 Battle of the Little Bighorn (Battle of Greasy Grass), 45-46, 49, 53, 74, 127-28 fiftieth anniversary of, 148-50 reenactment of, 149-50, 290» Battle of Wounded Knee. See Wounded Knee Massacre Baum, L. Frank, 54 Bendell, Herman, 268η Berezovsky, Sholom Noach, 193 Berry, E. Y, 176 Beverly Hills, 163 Bibo, Solomon, 268η Biden, Joe, 84 Bigfoot Pass, 51-52 Bismarck, 225 Bismarck Tribune, 45,190, 222 Biss, Eula, 105 Black Elk, 118 Blackface, White Noise (Rogin), 62 Blackfeet Nation, 145-46 Black Hills, 37 author’s visit, 125-28 Expedition of 18 74, 43-45,12 0 Forest Service ownership (logging), 125 history of Lakota in, 37,118-21, 280η immigration to, 115-17 Jews of. See Jew Flats land claim (Agreement of 1877), 121-22,124, 266« taking of land. See Theft of the Black Hills Black Hills Mining Museum, 117, 277л, 2807г Black Hills/White Justice (Lazarus), 122, 254η, 257—259п, 282η Black homesteaders, 212, 309« Black Hundreds, 27 Blackmun, Harry, 123-24 bootlegging, 103,129-31,154-60,166-67, 169-70 Borglum, Gutzon, 122-23, 2З2П Borglum, Lincoln, 122-23,123 Bradley, Bill, 125 Breaking the Iron Bonds (Ambler), 202, 298«, 306« INDEX Brous, Sharon, 193,304η buffalo, 35-36,39-43,55, 4°-33 hunts of, 31-36 eradication of, 41-42,41,55, 252-53», 255η, 2601 recovery of species, 231-232,314η Buffalo, Sarah, 69-70, 71, 264η buffalo dung (“buffalo chips”), 91 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 38, 42, 47, 48, 76-77, 79, 84,125,139-40, 141, 144-46,174,175-76,181-84, 201, 217 Burke Act. See General Allotment Act California Gold Rush, 36 transcontinental railroad, 31, 72 Case, Francis, 182, 297-98»
Case, Ralph Hoyt, 121-22 Casimir III the Great, 14 Caste (Wilkerson), 63, 2 2 0-21, 2 63» caste system, 220-21, 227,311» Cather, Willa, 90 Catherine II (the Great), 15 Catholic Church, 78, 269» cattle, 48, 72, 76, 78, 79,147 anthrax, 151-52 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 226 Central Conference of American Rabbis, 61, 262η Chamberlain Register, scjf Cherry Creek, 121,178-79, 288» chet, 87 Cheyenne River Reservation, 70, 83-86, 89,121,140,184, 267», 2701 assimilation policies on, 133-35 bootlegging, 129-30 buffalo herd, 227-28, 230-33 churches on, 78 COVID deaths, 178 median income, 137, 221,310η Missouri River dams, 185-90,302η oil and gas, 202, 306» ownership, 218-19, 269», 286η, 310» ranching and farming, 47-48, 79, 80, 81-82,146,152,180,181
INDEX relocation program, 180-84 unemployment, 220, 310n Chicago, 183-84 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 148 Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad, 75-76 Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 295η Chinese immigrants, 115-16, 117, 295η Christian conversions, 76-79 Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, 203 Cinderella Cosmetics Company, 162-65 Civil War, 31, 42, 43, 211 climate change, 165, 230, 232, 233, 315« Cobell, Elouise, 145-46, 219, 289η Cobell V. Salazar, 145—46, 219 Cody, William (aka Buffalo Bill), 57-59, 58,107,126, 260η, 26m Cohen, Felix S., 160, 299η Cold War, 175,177 colonization, 21, 51, 61, 92, 258—59« Columbus, Christopher, 55 commodity foods, 186,303η Competency Commissions, 137,139,176, 285 л, 286 η concentration camps, 55, 70-71 Condon, Silas, 70, 264« Condon, Tommy, 288η conversion to Christianity, 15, 70, 76-79 Coolidge, Calvin, 159-60, 294« COVID-19 pandemic, 34, 65, 92,144, 178-79, 235, 253η 299« Crazy Horse, 45, 256η Creator, the, 38, 39,119, 229 Crook, George, 73-75, 267« Custer (place names), 128, 284η Custer, George Armstrong, 44,128 Battle of the Little Bighorn (Battle of Greasy Grass), 45-46, 58,127-28, 148-50 Black Hills Expedition of 1874, 44-45,120 Custer Diedfor Your Sins (V. Deloria), 268«,269η 3^5 Dakota Access Pipeline, 233-35 Dakota Basin Oil Company, 199-200, 202-3, 206-8, 305η Dammed Indians Revisited (Lawson), 187, 287η, 302«, 303л, 304η Dances with Wolves (movie), 42 Davis, Marni, 158, 294« Dawes, Henry, 75, 80 Dawes Act. See General Allotment Act Deadwood, in-12,126-27, 27^n Jewish pioneers of, 115-116,126, 271η, 279«,283«
Deadwood (TV show), 116 Deadwood History, Inc., 127 Declaration of Indian Purpose, 188-89 Dell Rapids, 23, 26-27, 64 Deloria, Philip J., 61,141, 258η, гбгл, 262«,287« Deloria, Vine, Jr., 77, 79, 258«, 267«, 268«,269л DeMallie, Raymond J., 39, 255л, 256л Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2010, 224 Department of the Interior, see Interior Department, U.S. Devil’s Tower, 118 diabetes, 34-35,178,186, 299η “dooring,” 225 doublespeak, 38 Doug White Bull Day, 191,304 л DuBray, Fred, 138-39, 230-31, 234, 235-36 Ducheneaux, Les, 190, 220, 227-28, 231 Duffelen, Marilyn van, 62 Dupris, Dana, 128 Duwamish Tribe’s Land Tax, 238-39 Eckstrom, Mikal, 104, 272« “economic rape,” 200-201 Eighteenth Amendment (see Volstead Act or National Prohibition Act) Eisen, Arnold Μ., 67, 264« election of 1872, 45 election of 1924,159 Elements ofIndigenous Style (Younging), xiii Elhanan, Rami, 227,313л
326 Emancipation Proclamation, 76,177 Erdrich, Louise, 176, 303η Estes, Nick, 174-75,182, 255», 271л, 282», 284η, 313л exile, 14, 66-67,120 2O4 264« externalities, 198-99 Farber, Paul, 222 federal boarding schools, see Indian Boarding Schools Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative, 265« Federal Land Bank of Omaha, Г42 Felix, Steve, 108 Fiddler on the Roof(tmdia\), 27 Fifth Amendment, 123-24 Fillmore, Millard, 38-39 Fletcher, Matthew L. Μ., 234, 288л Floyd River, 62 forced fee patents, 137-41,146, 148, 287л Ford, Henry, 158 Forest Service, U.S., 125, 283η Fort Bennett, 47 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 73, 254“55” 266л and Crow, 1851, 38-40 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45, 49, 73,127, 256л, 266л Fort Yates, 234 foster care, 226 fractionation, 218-19, 220, 309л Fragua, Roger, 200-201 Frank, Anne, 56 Frank, Hans, 55 Freire, Paulo, 51, 259л Friedmann, Jonathan L., 126-27, 284« Frightening Bear, 40 “frontier cities,” 115 Galveston Movement, 22, 249« Gender roles Colonialism impact on, 75, 77,145, 232-233, 255л, 262η, 2буп, 289л General Allotment Act, 75, 76, 80,135, 137, 218, 219, 267л, 318 genocide, 59, 71, 86,127,135,168, 223-24 INDEX German immigrants, 20, 22, 92, 104-5, 248-49” German Nazis. See Nazis Ghost Dance, 49-52,77, 78, 255«, 258л Giago, Tim, 124-25, 259л God's Red Son (Warren), 50, 258л, 269η gold, 36,40-41 Black Hills Expedition of 1874, 43-45 Homestake Mine, in, 113-14,117,125, 277-78Л Goodman, Ronald, 118, 281л Grant, Ulysses S., 45,76-77,123, 257л, 268л Great Depression, 163-64 Great Plains, 31-32, 221, 232, 253η Great Sioux Agreement of 1889,
73-74, 75-76, 83,174, 267л Great Sioux Reservation, 42-43, 73, 92, 266« Green Bay Packers, 34 gumbo, 95, 97,106,172 Haaland, Deb, 265«, 315л Hall, Charles, 77, 268л Hardin Chamber of Commerce, 150 Harper's (magazine), 63 Harris, Kamala, 34 Harrison, Benjamin, 50-51 Hebrew Hill (Deadwood), 126 Hebrew language, 14, 87,101,116, 249л heders, 13,116 Heinert, Troy, 232 hemp, 1-2, 214, 234 Her Many Horses, Cleve, 78-79 He Sapa, 37, 45,118-21 hevruta, 8, 86-87 Hidden Cost ofBeing African American, The (Shapiro), 212 High Back, Paul, 52, 53-54, 259« Hitler, Adolf, 55, 81,150, 160, 180, 223 Hitler s American Model (Whitman), 160, 260л, 270л, 295л, Holocaust, 55-56,193, 223, 234, 248«, 251л, 312л Homestake Mine, tn, 113-14,117,125, 277-78Л, 280л
INDEX Homestead Act of 1862, 21, 84, 94, 212, 213, 273« homesteading (homesteaders), 25-28, 59,. 83, 89-101, 212-13 Black, 212, 309« claims of Sinykin children, 3-4, 13, 245η. See also specificfamily members estimates of numbers, 3091 Jews ofJew Flats. See Jew Flats Hong, Cathy Park, 96, 274η Hoover Commission, 176, 298« Hoover Dam, 211 Horn, Dara, 227, 247η Horse Creek Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 254-55« horses cultural importance, 35, 79, 253« federal confiscation of Lakota, 48.74 thieving, 98 Hotchkiss guns, 52,53 House Concurrent Resolution 108,177 How the West Was Really Won (play), 211-12 How the West Was Won (movie), 210-12 hydropower, 187-88, 230, 238 Iktomi, 119 “I’m a Yiddish Cowboy (‘Tough Guy Levi’)” (song), 60, 60 immigration, 72-73 of Chinese, 115-16, 117, 295« of Eastern Europeans, 20,159 of German Jews, 20, 22, 92,104-5, 249га of Russian Jews, 3,15,19-22, 24-29 Immigration Act of 1924,159, 295« Indian Affairs. See Bureau of Indian Affairs Indian Boarding Schools, 69-71,102, 138, 233, 265га, 318 Indian Child Welfare Act, 233,313η, 319 Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, 160, 2951 Indian Claims Commission, 175, 256« Indian Country Today, 150, 201, 2667, 282га, 283га, 291га, 306га, 312га, 313η 327 Indian Land Tenure Foundation, 229, 238, 285га, 287га, 315га, 318 Indian New Deal, 160, 295га Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, 287га, 297га Indians in Unexpected Places (P. Deloria), 61, 258га, 261га, 262га, 287га Ingalls, Carrie, ιοο-ιοι Ingalls Wilder, Laura, 90,100-101 Interior Department, U.S., 49-50, 75, 83, 121-22,133-35,137,140,160,175,181, 186,188,190, 217, 233 Land
Buy-Back Program, 220,310га Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135, 137, 141, 285га InterTribal Bison Council, 232 Israel, Г20,124,173, 223, 227 istclya, 77 Jackson, Andrew, 36 Jacobs, Margaret, 239, 312га, 314га, 315га, 316η, Janis, Patrick, 124 Japanese Americans, internment of, t8o-8r, 300η Jewface, 60-63,104.108~9, 261га, 262га Jew Flats, 2,12-13, 89-109,151-53 author’s visit, 89,106,213—315 boundary of, 89-90 deeds and mortgages, 144-45 drought of 1910,106-7 education and schooling, 102,102 Lakota and, 101-5, 203-5 life on, 94-101 oil exploration and, 195-98 religion and worship, rot Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society (JAIAS), too Industrial Removal Office, 21-22 Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation (JASHP), 126, 283га Jewish Cowboy (Raboy), 104 Jewish Farmer, The, too, 275га Jewish farmers, 21-22, 31, 94-96, 99—100, 249га, 274га, 307га. See also Jew Flats
328 Jewish rituals, 66-67 B’nai (bar) mitzvah, 25,116, 214 death,165 mikvah, 3 shabbat, 86,157 Jews and Booze (Davis), 158, 2941 Johnson-Reed Act (Immigration Act of 1924), 159, 2957 Jordan . Harvey, 60, 2612г Kansas Pacific Railroad, 26022 Kapulyc, 16-20, 22-24, 28-28, 227, 24822 Kenel, 185, 217 Klinger, Jerry, 126, 2832г Koffman, David S., 105, 26222, 29522, 29822, 30722 kosher, 24, tor, 152, 2912г Kozberg, Hyman, tot Kozberg, Jake bootlegging of, 154-56 business ventures of, 64-65,154-56, 162-65, 2922г death of, 208-9 Homestake Mine of, in, 113—14, 117, 125 homesteading and landholdings of, 99, 109,170 in Lead, 111-15,113,114,116,120,128-31 marriage to Ruth, 109 naturalization ceremony of, 115 in St. Paul, 109,153-54 Kozberg (Bernstein), Pauline, 92, 128-30,153,153,169, 209 Kozberg, Ruth Sinykin homesteading and landholdings of, 92, 93-94, 96, 98, 102, 109,170,173, 186,199, 202, 208, 209, 29722 immigration to America, 27 in Lead, III-15, 114,116,120, 128-29,130 marriage to Jake, 109 oil business of, 199 in Russia, 18 in Sioux City, 59-60 in St. Paul, 109,130,152-56,136, 164-65,166-67 Ku Klux Klan, 28,122,157 INDEX Lakota activism, 188-91, 233-35 assimilationist policies, 133-35,137, 173,179,183-84 Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of the Little Bighorn), 45-46 buffalo and buffalo hunts, 31-36, 39-43, 230-232, 2512г, 252η, 253« Christian conversions, 76-79 diabetes and health statistics, 34-35, 178,186, 2991 diet, 34-35,186 family structure, 252-5322 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851,38-40, 73, 254-55” Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45. 49 73, I27 2562г, 2662г Ghost Dance,
49-52, 77, 78, 2552г, 25822 Great Sioux Agreement, 73-74, 75-76, 83,174, 2672г history in He Sapa (Black Hills), 37, 118-21, 2802г Jews ofJew Flats and, 101-5, 203-5 language, 39,119-20,193, 231, 234. 3J5” land, 38, 80, 83,189, 26622, 2832г Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135, 137. Hi median income, 221,310η status of women, 40, 77, 255η Theft of the Black Hills. See Theft of the Black Hills use of term, xiii Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54,58 Lakotas and the Black Hills, The (Ostler), 124 Lakota Star Knowledge (Goodman), 118 Lakota Times, 124-25 land allotments, 171-73 General Allotment Act, 75, 76, 80, 135,137, 218, 219, 26722,318 #LandBack, 125, 238,3152г land buybacks, 220, 229, 238,3102г land-grant universities, 230, 238, 25622 Cohne, Fanny (Sinykin), 18, 23, 24, 93, 93, 98-99, i°8, Ц2, tS^i 29гп
INDEX land takings. See also Theft of the Black Hills Black Hills land claim (Agreement of 1877), 121-22,124, 266η chronology of federal land grabs, 73, 266-6722 Congress abolishes treaty making, 266n forced fee patents, 137-41,146,148 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 73, 254-55«, 266η Fort Laramic Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45, 49, 73,127, 25622, 26622 General Allotment Act, 75, 76, 80, 135,137, 218, 219, 267η Lone WolfV. Hitchcock, 82-83,123-24, 174, 318 resources, 318 Wild West shows and mythologizing, 57-59, 26on LaPointe, James, 118-19, 281« La Salle Drug Company, 159 Last Arrow Ceremony, 133-34,135,137, 141, 28522 Last Call (Okrent), 159, 294η Laws of Repentance, 169, 228-29 Lawson, Michael L., 186-87, 297« 3O2« 303n, 3°4« Lazarus, Edward, 44,122 Lazarus, Emma, 286η Lead, South Dakota, ш-14,128-31 Lead Daily Call, 109, 129 Learningfrom the Germans (Neiman), 223, 260n, 312η leases and leasing, 48, 78, 80-82,121, 144-47,148 Leavenworth Penitentiary, 167,170 Lebensraum, 55 Legends ofthe Lakota (LaPointe), 118-19, 28122 lekshi, 191 Lincoln, Abraham, 46 Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, 127-28 Little Bighorn Days, 150, 2901 Little House on the Prairie (Wilder), 90, 105,Ч2 329 loans (for farmers), 28, too, 141-42,153, 184,288 Lobby Liquor House, 112,129 Lone WolfV. Hitchcock, 82-83,r23-24, 174, З18 Long, Stephen Harriman, 36, 25421 Lost Tribe theory, 202-5, 3072! Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, 175 McLaughlin, Jeff, 191-94 Maimonides, 8,169, 228-29, 3142z Mandan Daily Pioneer, 197 Manifest Destiny, 37, 43, 55, 73 , 254« Manitou, SS, 27-28 Marsh, Herbie,
92-93,108,162-63, 213 Marshall, Hannah, 127 Mathô sap’ic’iye (Painted Bear), 39 May Laws, 19-20, 24822 Mazel Tov (boat), 158 Medal of Honor, 54, 259-6022 Medicine, Beatrice, 77, 2672г, 26822 Melcher, Herschel V., 182 mikvah, 3, tot Miles, Nelson A., 46-47 Mini-Kin Sinykin Reunion, 90, 97, 2υ-ΐ5 Minneapolis, 13,155,167 Minor Feelings (Hong), 96, 2742г missing and murdered Indigenous people, 226 Missouri River, 36,171 flooding, 173 Missouri River Basin Project, 173, 174-75,18 4-9 0, 2 9 7-9 8 22 Mitchell, David D., 38-40 Mnicoujou Lakota, 32, 35, 37, 40, 46-47, 51,54,103,177 Momaday, N. Scott, 38, 25422 Monument Lab, 222, 3112г Moskowitz (Marsh), Issie homesteading and landholdings of, 108,142,151-53,161,161-62,170, 291-9222 marriage to Rose, 108-9 in St. Paul, 162-63,167
33° Moskowitz (Marsh), Rose Sinykin homesteading and landholdings of, 3, 92-93, 95, 96, 97-98, /02,103,108, 142,151—53, 161, 161-62,170, 245η, 291-92« immigration to America, 27-28, 139, 286« legacy of Faige Etke, 213-14 marriage to Issie, 108-9 in Russia, 18 in Sioux City, 59-60 in St. Paul, i$6,162-63 Mt. Moriah Cemetery (Deadwood), 126 Mount Rushmore, 122-23, l23i 12Y 127, 282« Mt. Zion (Hebrew Hill; Deadwood), 126 Myer, Dillon S., 180-83 mythologizing, 3, 59, 222-23 of Wild West shows, 57-59,58, боп, 201« of Pocahontas, 261η of Lost Tribe theory, 204 Nachman of Bratzlav, 230 naduwessi, xiii National Indian Youth Council, 188 National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, 265« Native American Rights Fund, 265«,287η Native Governance Center, 238, 315« Native Races ofthe Pacific States ofNorth America (Bancroft), 203-4,307л nativism, 159-60 Nazis (Nazism), 28-28, 54, 55-56, 71, 81, 159, 223 Neiman, Susan, 223, 260η, 312η Nelson, Paula Μ., 100-101, 273η, 274η, 275«, tyjn, 288η, 295” New York City, 20-22, 248« New York Times, 20, 61, 210, 221, 246«, 268«, 307«, 311« Nichols V. Rysavy, 287η Noem, Kristi, 222, 304« Norman, Robert, 53, 54, 259« Northern Pacific Railroad, 73 INDEX North Western Railroad, 129,130-31 Not Without Our Consent (Valandra), 189, 298η, зооп Oahe Dam, 175,182,185-86,188,190, 302«, 304« Obama, Barack, 125, 224 Occident, The, 204 Oceti Sakowin, use of term, xiii Odesa pogroms, 11-12,16-17, 27, 246η Oglala Lakota, 45,118,124, 224, 290« United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24, 234 oil and gas exploration, 195-210 history on Indigenous land,
200-202, 298« Okrent, Daniel, 159, 294« On Repentance and Repair (Ruttenberg), 169, 296«, 314« Oregon Trail, 36-37, 40 Orkin (Kozberg), Etta, 12-13,165,166, 209, 21$ on Faige Etke and Harry, 23-24, 65, 93, 96-97,165,166 family history and tree, 90, 245« on father Jake, 109,113—14, 116,166, 167-68,170, 208-9 values, 157, 215 St. Paul tour, 157 Oskow, Aviva, 51-52,106,157,166 Oskow, Cathi, 25, 26-27, 47 Ostler, Jeffrey, 124, 255«, 257л, 260« O’Sullivan, John L., 37, 254« Our History Is the Future (Estes), 174-75, 182, 254«, 271«, 282«, 284«, 313« OurJewish Farmers (Davidson), 204, 275« Outlook, The (magazine), 140 Painted Bear (Matho sap’ic’iye), 39 Pale of Settlement, 15-16, 21-22, 27, 29-20, 67,158 Palestinians, 223, 227 Partition of Poland, 14-15 "Paupersville" (Abramovitsh), 19, 248« “peace policy,” 77, 268η Pedagogy ofthe Oppressed (Freire), 51, 258 л
INDEX Pedro Bugle, ιοί Pennington County Currant, 197 People Love DeadJews (Horn), 227, 247η Permanent Indian Frontier, 36 Philip (town), 142-43 photographs, value of, 143-44, 289л Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program, 173,174-75,184-88,189-90, 2971 Pierre Indian School, 150 Pine Ridge Reservation, 1-2, 5, 48, 52, 145,147, 221, 225, 226, 234, 261η, 287η, 289η, 313η Platt, Orville, 80, 269η Pocahontas, 6r, 2621 pogroms. See also Russian pogroms use of term, 12, 63 Poland, 14-15 police killings of Native Americans, 226,313η Polk, James, 37 Prairie Knights Casino, 34 Pratt, Richard Henry, 71, 265« Prohibition, 129-31,154-55,157-60, 284η, 293η, 294« “proved up,” 106,108, 309η Quapaw Nation, 139 racism, 6-7, 59, 73, 81,116, 128,139-40, 159-60,175-76,182-83, 225~27, 2657г, 296η, 313η railroads, 31, 38, 72, 75-76,141-42 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 148 Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad, 75-76 Kansas Pacific Railroad, 260« Northern Pacific Railroad, 73 North Western Railroad, 129,130-31 transcontinental railroad, 31, 38, 72, 266η Rapid City Indian School, 69-70, 71, 264« Rapid CityJournal, 32,197 rations, 70,147,178, 256η Red Cloud, 45,52, 74, 2577z 331 redface, 61-62 Reese, Elizabeth, 219 Relocation Program (Voluntary), 180-84,188, 218, 238, 300n Remembering Ahanagran (White), 168, 296« Remove the Stain Act, 54, 260« reparations, 7-8, 223-24, 229 reparations economics, 3147г repentance, 169, 228-29 Reservation Dogs (TV show), 218 restorative justice, 229 Rivers and Harbors Act of 1945, 2977г Rogin, Michael, 62, 2627г Rolling Stone (magazine), 124 Roosevelt,
Franklin, 160, 174 Roosevelt, Theodore, 71, 80, 81,135,141, 266«, 2857г Rosebud Reservation, 78-79, 85-86,118, 147, 23 2, 23 9 Rosen, Jody, 61, 2627г Russian Jews, 14-19 immigration to America, 3,15,19-22, 24-29 Russian Orthodox Church, 15 Russian pogroms, 11-12,16-17,19, 21, 24-25, 27, 28, 59, 96, 2467г Russia Partition of Poland, 14-15 Ruttenberg, Danya, 169, 2967г St. Paul, 153-54, i57~58 bootlegging, 154-60, 293« St. Paul Hotel, 153-54 St. Paul Pioneer Press, 48 St. Paul’s Indian Mission, 62 Sandweiss, Martha A., 143-44, 289« Schunk, Harold W., 2577г Seelig, Joe, 116 Sells, Cato, 139-40, 2877г Seventh Cavalry, 127-28,149 Battle of the Little Bighorn (Battle of Greasy Grass), 45-46, 49,53, 74 Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54,53, 58, 259« Seventh Cavalry Trail, 126 Shabbat; 86,157
332 Shalom, New York, 274» shanda, 154 Shapiro, Thomas Μ., 212,309» Shein, Debra, 107, 2762г shtetls, 15 Shuumi Land Tax, 239 Siberia, 23 Siegel, Cathy, 25022 Sinykin, Benny, 95 Sinykin, Bill, 196, 196-97, 200, 203, 207 Sinykin, Faige Etke, 16-20, /7 children and family life, 17-18,18, 23-24, 25, 59, 93-94, 213-14 death of, 164-65, 296η homesteading and land of, 3, 24, 26, 29, 31, 67, 90-100, 95, ior-2,105, 106,108-9, i52 209, 212, 260η immigration to America, 27-28, 29 legacy of, 165-66 meeting and marriage to Harry, 16-17, 247” relationship with Harry, 96-97 in Russia, 16-20, 23-24, 25 in Sioux City, 59-60, 64, 65-67 in St. Paul, 154, 136,164-65 Sinykin, Florence, 202 Sinykin, Genivieve, 136,164,170 Sinykin, Harry, 13,15-20 birth date, 11, 246« children and family life, 24-25, 213-14 declining health of, 26-27 homesteading and land of, 25-28, 29, 59, 90-92, 96-97, 98,106,108-9, 260n, 264η immigration to America, 23, 24-25 meatpacking plants of, 22, 24, 65-66, 263η relationship with Faige Etike, 96-97 in Russia, 11-12,13,15,16-20, 22-24, 31, 96 in Sioux City, 22, 24, 29, 65-67, 90-92, 96-97, 98, 263« in St. Paul, 154,136 Sinykin,Jack bootlegging of, 154-56,166-67, 169-70 INDEX Borglum and Mount Rushmore, 122, 223, 282η business ventures of, 154-56,162-65, 166-67 homesteading and landholdings of, 26-28, 64, 96-97, 210 immigration to America, 25-26 Joseph White Bull and, 4,34, 62,103, 142-44,144, 288» pressure to succeed, 94,153 in Russia, 18, 24-25 in Sioux City, 65 in St. Paul, 153-54,256,162, 166-67, 285» training dogs for the blind, 154, 170, 29622 Sinykin, Larry, 207,
213 Sinykin, Louie, 4 Borglum and Mount Rushmore, 122, 123, 2 8 2 22 as “Bronco Lou,” 2,197,203, 210 homesteading and landholdings of, 91, 94, 95, 142,170,195, 291-9222, 29722 immigration to America, 27 mobster incident, 164,170,195, 208 movie business and, 210-12 oil business of, 193, 195-200, 202-3, 206-10, 212, 305-622 schooling, 102,104 in Sioux City, 59-60 in St. Paul, 136,164,195 Sinykin, Rose. See Moskowitz (Marsh), Rose Sinykin Sinykin, Ruth. See Kozberg, Ruth Sinykin Sinykin, Sam immigration to America, 20, 21, 22-23, 54-55 in Sioux City, 22-23, 64, 64-65, 72 Sinykin, Sol, 19, 24,136 Sinykin, Ted, 18, 23, 24, 96, 99,130, 45, 156 Sinykin Store, 26-27, 64 Sioux, use of term, xiii Sioux Agreement of 1889, 73-74, 75-76, 83,174, 26722
INDEX Sioux City, 22-23, 57“58, 59-60, 62-63, IO7 Indigenous population of, 62, 262—63п Jews of, 22, 63-67, 89-109 Wild West shows, 57-59 Sioux City Journal, 62 Sitting Bull, 32, 37, 44, 47, 51, 74, 75, 256η, 25711 Slutsk Yeshiva, 101 Small, Diane (Sinykin), rg6,196-97, 203, 206 smallpox, 32, 81 Smith, Joseph, 203 Smith, Rich, 96 social Darwinism, 75, 80 “social uplift,” 71, 85 soddies, 91, % 273η Soldier, Layli Long, 224, 313» “Sorry Books,” 239 South Dakota Rural Credit Board, 142 Spirit Lodge, 119 Spitzer, Toba, 117-18,143, 280η Spotted Eagle, Faith, 228, 314η Spotted Elk, 51-54 Sprague, Donovin, 51-52 Standing Rock Agency, 50-51 Standing Rock Agency Boarding School, 72 Standing Rock Reservation, 83-86,151, 225, 256η, 168«, 289« author’s visit, 33-34,119-20 COVID deaths, 178 Ghost Dance, 49, 50-51 Great Sioux Agreement of 1889, 7З-74, 75-76, 83,174, 267η Fractionation, 217-218 median income, 137, 221,310« Missouri River dams impact, 185-90, 300η oil and gas, 202 population, 270 ownership, 218-19, 270«, 310л racism and, 225-26 ranching and farming, 47-48, 79, 80, 81-82,152,180,181 unemployment, 42, 220, 256η, 310« 333 Stanton, Ann Haber, 115, 271«, 279« Star, Sol, 116 Star of David, 14 starvation, 45, 47, 48, 55, 70,145,147, 201 Statue of Liberty, 139, 286« Stegner, Wallace, 212-13, 309« stem rust, 95 stereotypes Jewface, 60-63, IO4,108-9 of Native Americans, 59, 61-63 Stone Mountain, 122, 282« Sun Dance, 50, 77,118 Supreme Court bias against Indigenous Nations, 234 Lone Wolfv. Hitchcock, 82-83,123-24, 174, 318 Nichols V. Rysavy, 287л United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24
Sweet, Jameson, 43 Swee-Tone, 155, 293« taking of lands. See land takings; Theft of the Black Hills Talmud, 87,193 taxes, 107,137,138,141-42,161,167,170, 202, 238-39 Teller, Henry, 266« Termination policy, 173,176-77,180,181, 188,189, 202, 233, 298«, 303« Theft of the Black Hills, 43-49, 73-76, 80-86,117-25,127-28,134-42, 145-48, 229-30, 280η, 281n, 283« Agreement of 1877,121-24, 266« Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, 38-40, 73 254-55« 266« Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43, 45. 49. 73.T27, 256«, 266« He Sapa and religion, 37, 45,118-21 origin of land claim, 38-46 United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24 Thief, Louis, 175 This American Life (comic), 2, 245« Tippett, Krista, 224, 313« tiyospaye, 35-36, 42, 46, 234, 253« Toland, John, 55, 260« Torah, 66, 87,101,115,117-18, 238
334 transcontinental railroad, 31, 38, 72, 266η Treasury, U.S., 146,190, 20г treaties, 1, 26, 31, 38-40,146, 237-38. See also specific treaties chronology of, 266—67п Truman, Harry, 170,176,180-81 Trump, Donald, 125,128 Trust Land, 141,146 t ‘shuvah, 87 unilinear evolution, 71, 265« United Church of Christ, 78 United Native Americans, 188 United States v. Dupris, 269л United States v. Sioux Nation, 123-24 Ute Nation, 62, 201 Valandra, Edward Charles, 189, 298«, 300η Vance, Steve, 81, 256η, 269« Veterans (Native American), 136-38,182, 286,301η Vestal, Stanley, 37, 47, 82, 252л, 254л, 255η, 257л, 25$” völkisch, 160 Volstead Act (see also Prohibition), 154-55,157-59, l66, 293” Waggoner, Josephine, 36, 41, 44-45, 48, 253« Wall Drug, 206, 215 Warpath (Vestal), 37, 47, 82, 252« War Relocation Authority, 180 Warren, Louis S., 50, 258« wasma, 31 Watkins, Arthur, vjh-pj, 181 Wayne, John, 150, 210, 212 Welk, Lawrence, 138 Western States Jewish History Association, 127 westward expansion, 36-37, 43, 72-76 Wex, Michael, 120, 281« WHEREAS (Long Soldier), 224,313« White, Richard, 168, 261η, 266« INDEX White Bull, Doug, 33-35,194, 229, 235 author’s visit, 33-35,128, 231 childhood of, 70-71, 83-84,171-73, 192, 190-94 Christian and Lakota religion, 78 Dances with Wolves, 42 descendant ofJoseph, 253« Doug White Bull Day, 191,304η on experiencing racism, 225-26 on father Jacob, 136,138 gravesite of father, 177-78 on the Holocaust, 55-56, 234 Lakota diet and health, 34-35, 220, 221 Lakota language, 119, 231 Missouri River Basin Project, 185-86, 187-88 reenactment of Battle of the Little
Bighorn, 150 seeking land records, 144-45 tribal lands, 200, 217, 229 White Bull, Frank, 183, 217-18, 225 White Bull, Jacob, 135-39,171-73, 187 during World War 1,135-36,136, 138,172 White Bull, Janet, 221-22 White Bull, Joseph, 33, 74 arrest and imprisonment of, 80-82,145 Battle of Greasy Grass (Battle of the Little Bighorn), 45-46,49,53, 74, 127-28,148-49 buffalo hunts, 31-32, 40-41, 252« Christian conversions and, 78 death of, 177-80 family background of, 37, 252-53« farming, 94-95 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851,38-40 Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, 42-43 Great Sioux Agreement, 73-74 He Sapa and, 37,118 Jack and, 4, 34, 62,103,142-44, /4^,288« removal to reservation, 46-48 Sioux City visit of 1906, 62, 63 theft of lands, 80-84,12I t43 146, 147, 289«
INDEX 335 White Bull (Red Fish), Julia, 171-72, 173-74,185, 187 White Bull-Taken Alive, Juliana, 128 White Bull, Mary, 192 White Bull, Rita, /72 White Bull family gathering of 2021, 225 White Hollow Horn, 47 white supremacy, 28,157,159-60 Whitman, James, 160, 260η, 295^ Whoopee! (movie), 61-62 Wild West shows, 57-59,58, 260η Wilkerson, Isabel, 63, 220-21, 263м Wilson, Woodrow, 13,134-35,137, 139, 141, 2851 Wind Cave, 119 Winter Count, 40, 2557 Wizard ofOz, The (Baum), 54 Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 158, 2941 World Today, 63 World War 1,134-39,172 World War II, 54,175,180,182 Wounded Knee Massacre, 51-54, S3i 58, 63, 259η Wovoka, 49, 258η xenophobia, 159-60 Yellowstone National Park, 154, 292« Yellowstone River, 46-47 Yiddish language, 14, 20,120, 28m “Yonkle, the Cow-Boy Jew” (song), 59-60 Younging, Gregory, xiii Yurok Reservation, author’s reporting trip, 6-8 Yurok Tribal Court, 5-6 j Bayerische } I Staatsbibliothek ' 1 ^ünchsn ) |
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| author | Clarren, Rebecca |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1313456896 |
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| contents | Note on terminology -- Prologue -- Beyond the pale -- The holocaust at home -- Jewface on the frontier -- 'Kill the Indian...save the man' -- Little shtetl on the prairie -- In di shvartse berg -- The arrow for the plow -- A shanda -- A triple threat -- Oh to be a Jewish Rockefeller -- Epilogue: an American inheritance -- Author's note -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Resources for further research -- Index |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:03:37Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:06:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780593655078 |
| language | English |
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| physical | 335 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte 24 cm |
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| spelling | Clarren, Rebecca Verfasser (DE-588)1313456896 aut The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance Rebecca Clarren Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance [New York] Viking [2023] © 2023 335 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Note on terminology -- Prologue -- Beyond the pale -- The holocaust at home -- Jewface on the frontier -- 'Kill the Indian...save the man' -- Little shtetl on the prairie -- In di shvartse berg -- The arrow for the plow -- A shanda -- A triple threat -- Oh to be a Jewish Rockefeller -- Epilogue: an American inheritance -- Author's note -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Resources for further research -- Index "An award-winning author investigates the entangled history of her Jewish ancestors' land in South Dakota and the Lakota, who were forced off that land by the United States government. "A brilliantly conceived family history, one that places questions of responsibility and atonement at the center of the conversation about America's political future."--the Whiting Foundation. Growing up, Rebecca Clarren only knew the major plot points of her tenacious immigrant family's origins. Her great-great-grandparents, the Sinykins, and their six children fled antisemitism in Russia and arrived in the United States at the turn of the 20th century, ultimately settling on a 160-acre homestead in South Dakota. Over the next few decades, despite tough years on a merciless prairie and multiple setbacks, the Sinykins became an American immigrant success story. What none of Clarren's ancestors ever mentioned was that their land, the foundation for much of their wealth, had been cruelly taken from the Lakota by the United States government. By the time the Sinykins moved to South Dakota, America had broken hundreds of treaties with hundreds of Indigenous nations across the continent, and the land that had once been reserved for the seven bands of the Lakota had been diminished, splintered, and handed for free, or practically free, to white settlers. In The Cost of Free Land, Clarren melds investigative reporting with personal family history to reveal the intertwined stories of her family and the Lakota, and the devastating cycle of loss of Indigenous land, culture, and resources that continues today. With deep empathy and clarity of purpose, Clarren grapples with the personal and national consequences of this legacy of violence and dispossession [...]." Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd rswk-swf Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 gnd rswk-swf Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Lakota (DE-588)4106188-3 gnd rswk-swf South Dakota (DE-588)4055657-8 gnd rswk-swf Jews, Russian / South Dakota / History Sinykin family Sinykin, Harry / 1859-1945 / Family Immigrants / South Dakota / History Indians / Relations with Jews Lakota Indians / Land tenure / South Dakota Frontier and pioneer life / South Dakota South Dakota / Ethnic relations / History Ethnic relations Families Frontier and pioneer life Immigrants Jews, Russian South Dakota South Dakota (DE-588)4055657-8 g Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 s Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 s Lakota (DE-588)4106188-3 s Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-525-50762-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727419&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727419&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Clarren, Rebecca The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance Note on terminology -- Prologue -- Beyond the pale -- The holocaust at home -- Jewface on the frontier -- 'Kill the Indian...save the man' -- Little shtetl on the prairie -- In di shvartse berg -- The arrow for the plow -- A shanda -- A triple threat -- Oh to be a Jewish Rockefeller -- Epilogue: an American inheritance -- Author's note -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- Resources for further research -- Index Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 gnd Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Lakota (DE-588)4106188-3 gnd |
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| title | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance |
| title_alt | Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance |
| title_auth | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance |
| title_exact_search | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance |
| title_full | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance Rebecca Clarren |
| title_fullStr | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance Rebecca Clarren |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cost of free land Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance Rebecca Clarren |
| title_short | The cost of free land |
| title_sort | the cost of free land jews lakota and an american inheritance |
| title_sub | Jews, Lakota, and an American inheritance |
| topic | Einwanderer (DE-588)4151434-8 gnd Russen (DE-588)4051034-7 gnd Landnahme (DE-588)4166614-8 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd Lakota (DE-588)4106188-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Einwanderer Russen Landnahme Juden Lakota South Dakota |
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