Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore:
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Albanian |
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Tiranë & Prishtinë
Institute of Southeast European Studies - ISES
2022
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Physical Description: | 618 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789928411280 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | PËRMBATJA Parathënie..................................................................................................... 7 Hyrje........................................................................................................... 15 KAPITULLIIPARË............................................................................. 39 Gjeopolitika - Koncepti për vlerat e demokracisë, interesat dhe ekuilibrat globalë e lokalë........................................... 39 1.1. Koncepti i përgjithshëm teorik e praktik.................................. 41 1.2. Lindja e Gjeopolitikës si nocion dhe praktikë.......................... 45 1.3. Gjeopolitika moderne.................................................................. 53 1.4. Subjektet gjeopolitike të shoqërisë moderne............................ 57 KAPITULLI IDYTË..................... 69 Ndikimi gjeopolitik i Fuqive të Mëdha.............................................. 69 2.1. Britania e Madhe.......................................................................... 78 2.2. Franca............................................................................................. 82 2.3. Gjermania................................................................................ 84 2.4. Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës................................................ 89 2.5. Republika Popullore e Kinës......................... 96 2.6. Republika Federate e Rusisë.......................................................98 2.7. Japonia........................... 101 2.8. Mësime për ekuilibrin dhe pasojat e dezekuilibrit të Fuqive të
Mëdha.................................... 102 2.9. Diplomacia e Fuqive të Mëdha për zgjidhjen e konflikteve... 107 3
KAPITULLII TRETE................................................................. 113 Roli historik dhe aktual i Fuqive të Mëdha në gjeopolitikën botërore.............................................................. 113 3.1. Koncepti dhe rendja pas ekuilibrit të Fuqive të Mëdha...... 117 3.2. Nga Kongresi i Vjenës te Lufta e Parë Botërore, rendja pas ekulibrit të Fuqive të Mëdha........................ 123 3.3. Versaja ishte e kundërta e Westfalisë!.................................. 129 3.4. Karta e Atlantikut dhe Konferenca e Teheranit.................... 134 3.5. Krijimi i rendit të ri botëror - Konferenca e Jaltës.............. 140 3.6. Rendi gjeopolitik i Luftës së Ftohtë midis dy superfiiqive.... 153 KAPITULLI I KATËRT............................................................... 181 Pansllavizmi, si doktrinë e influences ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore................................................. 181 4.1. Pansllavizmi - burim i konfliktit në Luftrat Ballkanike...... 193 4.2. Lufta e Parë Botërore............................... 205 4.3. Konferenca e Versajës dhe vendimet e saj........................... 213 4.4. Komunizmi si ideologji edhe e pansllavizmit...................... 227 4.5. Shndërrimi i Bashkimit Sovjetik në superfiiqi - Lufta e Ftohtë dhe konflikti Moskë-Washington!...... 244 KAPITULLI I PESTÉ.................................................................. 261 Kriza Ruso-Ukrainase dhe ajo me Gjerogjinë, si kërcënim për paqen dhe sigurinë në Europë............................................... 261 5.1. Zhvillimet dhe rrethanat pas rënies së
komunizmit............ 265 5.2. Moska ndez konfliktin e brendshëm në Ukrainë.................. 279 5.3. Rusia anekson Krimenë........................................................ 285 5.4. Referendum! i Krimesë dhe procesi i aneksimit të gadishullit nga ana e Rusisë....................................... 303 5.5. Reagimet e Bashkësisë Ndërkombëtare............................... 306 4
KAPITULLI GJASHTË............................................................... 331 Filozofia dhe doktrina e Vladimir Putin...................................... 331 KAPITULLI SHTATË.................................................................. 379 Sulmi ushtarak i Rusisë kundër Ukrainës - shkelje e sovranitetit shtetëror................................................................... 379 7.1. Arsyetimi i shkaqeve të luftës.............................................. 382 7.2. Nga retorika e luftës te sulmet e drejtpërdrejta.................... 386 7.3. Synimet ruse nëUkrainë..................... 391 7.4. Ballafaqime diplomatike................................ 393 7.5. Reagimi i vendosur i Ukrainës dhe skenarët e luftës.......... 401 7.6. Reagimi i harmonizuar i Perëndimit dhe pozicioni distancues i Kinës................................... 415 KAPITULLI I TETË.................................................................... 425 Ballkani dhe synimet e Rusisë për dalje në Adriatik.................. 425 8.1. Roli dhe aleanca e Serbisë me Rusinë.................................. 427 8.2. Diversiteti etnik, fetar, kulturor e gjuhësor.......................... 438 8.3. Gjeopolitika ballkanike dhe sfidat e pas-rënies së perdes së Luftës së Ftohtë.. .................................... 448 8.4. Pse Gadishulli i Ballkanit prodhon kaq shumë histori?!..... 457 8.5. Mitet e roli i tyre në pozicionimin gjeopolitik dhe aleancave te popujt e Ballkanit.................................... 463 8.5.1. Një vështrim historik......................... 465 8.5.2 Pse në qendër të
mitologjisë serbe qëllimisht u vendos legjenda për Betejën e Fushë-Kosovës ............. 467 8.5.3. Mitet shqiptare............................................................ 471 8.5.4. Mitet si iluzion............................................................ 474 8.6. Kosova, nyja gordiane e stabilitetit, paqes e sigurisë në Ballkan...........................................485 8.7. Pro dhe kundër ndryshimit të kufijve në Ballkan................. 492 5
8.8. Integrim përmes Procesit të Berlinit, apo Open Balkans?!...........................................................509 8.9. Perspektiva e munguar e integrimeve euro-atlantike?!........ 529 KAPITULLIINËNTË........................................................................ 547 Interesat strategjike dhe aleancat e Shqipërisë në gjeopolitikë................................................. 547 9.1. Pozicioni gjeopolitik dhe aleancat e Shqipërisë, një veshtrim i shkurtër historik...................... 551 9.2. Shqipëria dhe lufta në Ukrainë................................................. 560 9.3. Konflikt! i brendshëm pengesë kryesore e realizimit të strategjisë gjeopolitike ................................ 566 9.4. Harmonia dhe ekuilibri i marrëdhënieve Shqipëri-Kosovë....575 9.5. Demokracia dhe forcimi i shtetit të së drejtës, kusht për forcimin e rolit të Shqipërisë..........................581 9.6. Shqipëria nuk e ka luksin “të krijojë armiq”!......................... 591 Bibliografia..............................................................................................601 Index......................................................... 6 607
BIBLIOGRAFIA Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf, 2020./224. Aufl. Muenchen 1936. Alexander Fischer (Hrsg.), Teheran, Jalta, Potsdam. Die sowjetischen Protokolle von den Kriegskonferenzen der “Großen Drei“. 2. Aufl., Köln 1973. Alexander Werth: Russland im Krieg 1941 - 1945, Muenchen, 1964. Ana Lalaj, Eriketa Kambo, Sonila Boçi: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro-Hungareze (1912), Vëllimi IV, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë2012. Benno Werlen: Sozialgeographie. Eine Einführung, Bern/Stuttgart/ Wien 2000. Beqir Meta, Muharrem Dezhgiu, Fatmira Musai: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro-Hungareze, Vëllimi V, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie: 19. Auflage; Band 8, Manheim 1989. Christoph Meier, Richard Roßmanith und Heinz-Uwe Schäfer: Wörterbuch zur Sicherheitspolitik; 2003. Constantine Pleshakov: There Is No Freedom Without Bread!: 1989 and the Civil War That Brought Doën Communism, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. Die Teilung der Welt: Geschichte des Kalten Krieges 1941-1955. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, 2000. Eckhart Tolle: Eine neue Erde. Arkana Verlag Muenchen, 2005. Enver Bytyci: Shqiptaret, serbet dhe greket, Koha, Tirane 2005. Enver Bytyçi: Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo. Cambridge Sholars Publishing, London 2015. Enver Bytyçi: Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht.· Fall der Kosovo. Akademischer Verlag, Saarland - Deutschland, 2016. ENVER BYTYÇI 599
Enver Bytyçi: In the Shadows ofAlbania-China Relations (1960- 1978) Cambridge Scholars Publishing, London 2022. Eric Hilgendorf. In: Juristische Schulung. 2008. Ferit Duka, Dritan Egro, Sokol Gjermëni: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro-Hungareze, Vëllimi II, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Frederick Kempe, Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Chruschtschoë und der gefährlichste Ort der Welt. München 2011. Fridrich Wuerthle: Die Spur fuehrt nach Belgrad, Wien-Muenchen, 1975. Gearôid Ô Tuathail: Geopolitik - zur Entstehungsgeschichte einer Disziplin. Geopolitik - Zur Ideologiekritik politischer Raumkonzepte, Kritische Geographie, Band 14, Promedia, Wien 2001. Gerhard Geißler: Europäische Dokumente aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Leipzig 1939. Hamit Kaba, Beqir Meta: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro- Hungareze, Vëllimi III, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Heinz Brill: Die Bedeutung des Begriffs “Geostrategie“, 1996; Henry A. Kissinger: Memoiren 1973-1974, Band 2, München 1982. Henry A. Kossinger: Diplomacia, Shtepia Botuese Fan Noli, Tirane 2019. Henry Kissinger: Leadership: Six Studies in World Strategy Kindle, 2022 Herbert Ammon: Geopolitik - Zur Wiederkehr eines verloren geglaubten Begriffs im 21. Jahrhundert. Online Buch: https://www. iablis. de/iablis_t/2009/ammon09.html. Hermann Graml: Die Alliierten und die Teilung Deutschlands. Konflikte und Entscheidungen 1941-1948, Frankfurt am Main 1985. Joachim Behnke, Nina Baur, Nathalie Behnke, Empirische Methoden der Politikwissenschaft, A. Francke Verlag, Tuebingen 2010. John B. Dunlop (Hoover Institution): Aleksandr Dugin’s Foundations of
Geopolitics Buchbesprechung, www.4pt.su.
John Lewis Gaddis: Strategies of containment. A critical appraisal of American national security policy during the Cold War Oxford 2005. Josef Becker: Deutsche Frage 1941-1949, in: Becker, Stammen, Waldmann (Hrsg.): Vorgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Zeischen Kapitualtion und Grundgesetz, UniTaschenbücher, München 1979. Karl Haushofer, Grundlage, Wesen und Ziele der Geopolitik. Konferenz von Jalta: Weltgeschichte der Neuzeit, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn 2005. Kristen Blake, The U.S.-Soviet confrontation in Iran, 1945- 1962. University Press of America, 2009. Maenglen Verli, ledia Dushku: Shqipëria në dokumentet AustroHungareze (1912), Vëllimi IV, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Manfred Görtemaker: Politischer Zeitgeist und Geopolitik - Über die zeitbedingten Voraussetzungen Wissenschaft, 2000. anwendungsorientierter Margareta Mommsen, Angelika Nussberger: Das System Putin: gelenkte Demokratie und politische Justiz in Russland. Verlag C. H. Beck, 2007. Michael Becker, Johannes Schmidt, Reinhard Zintl: Politische Philosophie, Verlag Ferdinand Schoening, Paderbon, 2021. Michael Weithmann: Kriesenherd Balkan, Hintergruende des aktuellen Konflikts. Nils Urspruenge und Hoffmann: Renaissance der Geopolitik? Die deutsche Sicherheitspolitik nach dem Kalten Krieg. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2012. Oliver Jens Schmitt: Ballkani në Shekullin XX, Botimet Artini, Prishtinë, 2021. Peter Catterall: The Macmillan Diaries. Prime Minister and After, 1957-1966. Macmillan, London 2003. ENVER BYTYQI 601
Pol Johnson: Kohët moderne. pjesa II, borim shqip, Tiranë Apollonia 2000. Raimund Loew: Einsame Weltmacht - Die USA im Abseits, Ecowin Verlag, Salzburg 2007. Raoul Jacobs: Mandat und Treuhand im Völkerrecht, Universitäts verlag, Göttingen 2004. Rolf Steininger: Die USA und Europa nach 1945 in 38 Kapiteln. LauVerlag, 2018. Rudolf Kjellèn: Der Staat als Lebensform. Berlin 1924. Siegfried Prokop: Die Berliner Mauer (1961-1989). Fakten, Hintergründe, Probleme. Homilius, Berlin 2009. Stephan Hobe, Otto Kumminich: Einfuehrung in das Voelkerrecht.A. Francke Verlag Tuebingen, Basel, Auflage 2000. Theodor Schieder: Europa im Zeitalter der Nationalstaaten und europäische Weltpolitik bis zum I. Weltkrieg (1870-1918). In: ders. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der europäischen Geschichte. Union Verlag, Stuttgart 1968. Ulf Brunbauer- Konrad Clewing: Regensburg 2011. Geschichte Suedosteuropas, Wilfried Loth: Die Teilung der Welt. Geschichte des Kalten Krieges 1941-1955, München 1980. William Norton Medlicott: The Congress of Berlin and After. A Diplomatie History of the Near Eastern Settlement 1878-1880. 2. Auflage. Routledge, London 1963. Winston Churchill: The Second World War. Band 6, London 1953 Wolfgang Baumann und Gunther Hauser: Mitteleuropa - Im geopolitischen Interesse Österreichs, 2001. Yves Lacoste: Geographie und politisches Handeln. Perspektiven einer neuen Geopolitik. Berlin 1990. Carl Troll: Die geographischen Wissenschaften in Deutschland 1933-1945. Erdkunde I, Berlin 1947. Zbigniew Brzezinski: Die einzige Weltmacht - Amerikas Strategie der Vorherrschaft, 1997. 602 GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NË
EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Revista dhe gazeta, portale, radio: APA Bota.al Bota Sot Der Standard Deutschland Radio Die Presse Die Welt Die Zeit DPA Evropa e Lirë Express Frankfurter Allgemaine Zeitung Frankfurter Rundschau Koha NZZ Panorama Sueddeusche Zeitung Suedeutsche Zeitung Syri.net ENVER BYTYÇI 603
INDEX A Ante Trumbiç 224 Abdyl Frashëri 126 Anthony Eden 140, 142, 154, Abedin Dino 127 241 Abkhasi 7, 36, 186, 262, 301, Antoine Pinay 154 389 Anton Siluanov 276 Adam Smith 25 Antony Blinken 387, 392, 562 Afganistan 17, 29, 116, 172, APEC 99 174, 296, 338, 562, 563 Apis Dimitrijeviç 204 Alaska 27 Arabia S audite 62,115 Albin Kurti 510, 533 Arben Xhaferi 503 Aleanca Ballkanike 194, 195, Armenia 66 200,220 Arsen Avakov 287 Aleksander Babakov 354 Arseniy Yatsenyuk 267, 282, Aleksander Dugin 30, 31, 32, 285, 294 33,427,428 Asambleja e Përgjithshme e Aleksander Karagjergjoviç 224 OKB 59 Aleksander Leo Freundlich 199 Ashton 275,282, 312 Aleksander Lukashenko 359 Astrachan 19 Aleksander Rankoviç 253 Austri 406, 539 Aleksander Turçinov 277 Avakov 272, 287 Aleksander Vuçiq 38, 428, 435, AVNOJ 536 493, 494, 501, 510, 519, 520, Azerbajxhan 19, 67 523, 527, 533, 564 В Ballkani Perëndimor 24, 412, Algjerinë 28 442, 444, 445,506, 511,529 Alisha Usmanov 372 Baltike 21,395,416 Ana Politkovskaja 365 AndelkaRogac 365,518 Banka Botërore 59, 62 Banka Europiane për Zhvillim Anders Fogh Rasmussen 280 Angli 25, 28 62 Annalena Bearbock 385, 396 Ban Ki Moon 535 Annamarie Doherr 158 Barack Obama 268, 289, 293, ANTANTA 210 309,315,443 ENVER BYTYÇI 605
Bashar Al Assad 17,403 Bashkësia Ndërkombëtare 35, 300 Bashkimi Europian 62, 63, 65, 71, 89, 263, 269, 279, 300, 307, 312, 314, 316, 355, 391, 407, 420, 442, 443, 497, 500, 506, 510, 529, 544, 598 Bashkimi Sovjetik 30, 71, 72, 86, 98, 99, 108, 116, 136, 138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 157, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173, 175, 176, 216, 23 6, 23 8, 240, 243, 251, 328, 375, 397, 404, 450, 575 Baumann 44, 49, 604 BE 8, 33, 37, 42, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 81, 88, 107, 221, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 274, 275, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 299, 304, 305, 306, 307, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 324, 326, 343, 344, 345, 346, 351, 352, 353, 354, 362, 386, 390, 392, 396, 402, 405, 416, 419, 429, 433, 434, 442, 443, 444, 461, 475, 481, 485, 493, 497, 504, 505, 506, 508, 510, 511, 513, 524, 525, 528, 529, 531, 534, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 553, 559, 560, 564, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571, 577, 580, 599 Belgjika 59, 63, 214 Benjamin Disrael 125 Benjamin Gilman 502 606 Benno Werlen 47,48, 601 Berlin 31, 48, 105, 109, 110, 121, 126, 128, 131, 133, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 175, 188, 197, 198, 207, 227, 236, 243, 252, 255, 312, 345, 444, 446, 602, 604 Berlusconi 346 Berthold 197,198,206 Biliana Plavshiç 468 Bismarck 84, 85, 126 Bizantit 20, 192,472 Bjellorusi 32, 152, 236, 271, 379, 385, 392, 405, 442, 446 Blinken 387, 388, 390, 392, 562 Boleslaw Bierut 151 Bonnet 229 Boris Abramoviç Beresovski 332 Boris Tadiq 487, 488, 579 Bosfor 24, 28,42,187, 196, 449 Bosnjë Hercegovinë 17 Bremen 156 Brexit 31, 107 Brezhnev 168,169,251,254 Britania e Madhe
16,31,49,58, 59,61,62,71,78, 82, 85,86, 88, 93, 115,123,125, 131,134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 143, 144, 149, 152, 161, 207, 209, 216, 219, 227, 229, 233, 234, 241, 242, 257, 338, 355, 407, 418, 421, 448, 449, 478, 500, 560, 571 Bukovinë 23 Bullgari 124, 126, 152, 181, 188, 193, 226, 406, 436, 449, 499, 506, 544 GJEOPOLITIKA RUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Bundestag 88 Dugin 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 427, Burbonët 28 428, 602 С Dulles 154 Car Aleksandri II 29 Dushan Mugosha 556 Cari i Madh 22 Dwight D. Eisenhower 154,155 Car Llazari 205, 469 E Carter 54 Edgar Faure 154 Çaushesku 252 Edi Rama 413, 428, 490, 492, Çekia 59, 209, 217, 363, 385, 510, 513, 519, 527, 562, 563, 528, 529 579 Christenkon 333 Eduard Kardelin 244 Clement Attlee 148 Edward Grey 129,198,476 Edward P. Joseph 461, 518 D Egjipti 67 Dancig 23, 217 Eisenhower 154, 155, 156 Danilo Iliç 204 Ekchart Tolle 473 Danimarka 59 Engelsin 28 Dardanele 24, 28, 209 David Cameron 288 Erdogan 341, 346, 360, 401, 415,421,532 David Clelang 331 Eric Hilgendorf 118, 602 David P. Calleo 43 Erich von Falkenhayn 208 David Petraeus 409 Ernest Bevin 148 Dayton 451, 452, 453, 535 Deklarata e Europës së Lirë 145 Ernst Nolte 104 Estonia 32, 33, 37, 59, 218,228, Dimitri Rogozin 315 237,263 Dimitrov 244 EUFOR 17,291,453 Dnjepër 23,410 Dodik 38, 427, 428, 440, 443, euro-atlantike 15,107,190,262, 263, 269, 280, 328, 351, 355, 494, 495,503,512, 526 385, 388, 420, 429, 441, 442, doktrina Marshall 243 444, 445, 463, 481, 490, 494, Doktrina Monroe 27 506, 526, 528, 530, 531, 535, Donald Tusk 286 536, 540, 541, 546, 553, 560, Donbas 379 564, 566, 568, 569, 599 Donetsk 294,318, 319 F Dora e Zezë 206 Fan Stiljan Noli 226 Dritan Abazoviç 413,496,512 Father Orlemanski 238 Dr. Oscar Lange 238 Fatmir Sejdiu 13 Dubçek 250, 251 ENVER BYTYÇI 607
Fatos Nano 576 Federata Ruse 30, 76, 99, 334, 335 Finlanda 22, 33, 37, 218, 228, 309,395,415,598 Fjodorin e III 20 Florian Niederndorfer 400 Fondi Monetär Ndërkombëtar 59, 62, 282 Franca 16,26,27,28,31,49, 58,59,61,62, 63,71,73,82, 83, 84, 85, 86,88, 93, 104,105,115, 119, 123, 131, 132, 141, 144, 147, 148, 149, 152, 161, 185, 186, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 227, 229, 257,- 307, 355, 407, 418, 442, 444, 449, 477, 500, 560 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 103,293,302,317,332,354 Frankfurter Rundschau 158,605 Franz Ferdinand 203, 204, 205, 207,219, 455 Franz Josef Strauss 549 Franz Joseph 205 Frenklin C. Miller 408 Fridrich Ratzel 49, 52 Fridrich Wuerthle 204, 602 Friedrich von Gentz 215 G Gabriel Escobar 432, 435 Gavrilo Princip 203 Genscher 549 George Friedman 74 George H.W. Bush 168,175 George Schultz 173 George W. Bush 338, 347, 387, 608 399,446,482,569 Georgie Martinoviç 469 Gerald Ford 169 Gerhard Schröder 274, 338, 344, 345, 388, 406, 412 Geshov 195 Gjeorgji 7, 15, 19, 32, 34, 35, 100, 261, 262, 298, 299, 324, 385, 402, 407, 436, 442, 446, 499, 532 Gjermania 16,31,49,59,61,62, 63, 73, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 104, 105, 108,115, 125, 132, 133, 138, 141, 142, 146, 161, 162, 175, 182, 186, 189, 196, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 217, 218, 219, 223, 229, 233, 234, 255, 257, 287, 307, 312, 338, 345, 355, 360, 390, 404, 407, 413, 418, 421, 442, 444, 449, 478, 500, 549, 560 Gllasnostit 371 Goethe 464 Gomulka 247 Gorbachev 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 366, 375, 550 Greqi 27, 143, 152, 185, 188, 192, 193, 196, 226, 241, 426, 448,465,484,490,531 Gromyko 169
Grotius 117, 118 Guenter Verheugen 313 Günter Schabowski 162 Gylen 415, 438 H Hamza Karçiç 524 Hans Μ. Kristensen 408 GJEOPOLITIKA RUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Harry Truman 147 Hashim Thaçi 485, 491, 492, 533 Hebert Amon 43 Heinz Brill 54, 55, 602 Helmuth von Moltke 208 Helmut König 320 Helsinki 167, 170, 171, 236 Henry Kissinger 48, 54, 169, 602 Herman Van Rompuy 288 Hitler 130, 131, 133, 303, 355, 601 Holm Sundhaussen 447 Horst Seehofer 312 Hugo Grotius 117,118 Hungari 143,152,184,236,242, 245,247, 248, 249, 251,534 I Ibrahim Rugova 559, 585, 596 Ilia Garashanin 192 Ilir Meta 501,510 Immanuel Kant 111, 257 Immanuel Kantin 111,257 Imre Nagy 247, 248 Informbyro 244 Irak 35, 116, 338, 339, 397 Iran 100, 136, 149,403,603 Isa Mustafa 431 Islanda 59 Ismail Kadare 576 Italia 49, 59, 61, 62, 63, 115, 126, 136, 186, 196, 200, 209, 219, 233, 257, 477, 500, 506, 555 IvaniI 19 IvaniIII19 ENVER BYTYÇI Ivanin e V 20 Ivica Daçiç 485, 492 Ivo Andriç 203, 492 J Jacques Chirac 338 Jake Sullivan 384 Jaltë 71, 139, 144, 149, 152, 176, 240, 246, 278, 478 James Baker 398 James Monroe 27, 91, 92 Jan Herkel 182 Janis Koletis 192 Janushkeviç 208 Janusz Bugaj ski 517 Japonia 16, 61, 62, 89, 93, 101, 115, 146, 151, 209, 210, 219, 233,560 Jean Jacques Rousseau 25 Jen Psaki 386 Jens Stoltenberg 395 Jimmy Carter 54 Joe Biden 295, 374, 379, 386, 407, 416, 446, 507, 524, 526 John Kerry 275 John Locke 25 Joschka Fischer 576 José Manuel Barroso 280 Joseph R.Biden, Jr 502 Julian Staib 287, 318 Juraj Krizaniç 182 К Kadirov 336, 337 Kaiser Vilhelm II 85 Kaliningrad 296 Kamala Harris 392 Kanalin e Panamasë 41 Kanalin e Suezit 41,42 609
Karin Kneissl 406 Karl Haushofer 48, 52, 603 Karli XII 22 Karl Kaser 539 Karta e Atlantikut 57, 133, 134, 135 Kasjanov 333 Katerina 23, 24, 284, 370 Katerina e Madhe 284, 370 Kaukaz 100, 403, 531 Kazakistan 19 Kazan 19 Këshilli i Aleancës së Atlantikut 60 Këshilli i Europës 60, 99, 508, 570 Këshilli i Lartë Aristokrat 78 Këshilli i Sigurimit 17, 58, 71, 91, 107, 115, 324, 420, 453 KFOR 17,36,291,402,453 Kharkiv 271,273,318,319,394 Kiev 17, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 272, 274, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 290, 292, 293, 295, 298, 301, 304, 306, 307, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 343, 382, 388, 390, 394, 400, 404,411,412,413, 562 Kirgistani 66 Kisha Ortodokse 20, 193, 496, 564 Kisha Ortodokse Bullgare 193 Kjellen 50, 109, 110 KNER 93, 153, 176, 251, 258, 559 Kohl 549 610 Komiteti i Ministrave 60 Konfederata e Danubit 137 Konferenca e Gjenevës 154 Konferenca e Jaltës 139, 141, 142, 176 Konferenca e Kazablankës 135 Konferenca e Paqes e Parish 28 Konferenca e Parish 156, 157, 187, 224, 404 Konferenca e Potsdamit 146, 151 Konferenca e Sigurimit dhe B ashkëpunimit Europian 61 Konferenca eVersajës 117,129, 141,212,213,216, 223,477 Kongresi i Berlinit 126, 128, 196, 200, 448 Kongresi i Vjenës 120,121,122 Konrad Adenauer 87, 155, 157 Konrad Clewing 186,187,604 Konstantin Mallofejev 495 Konti Berthold 197 Konventa e të Drejtave të Njeriut 60 Kosovë 15, 17, 35, 36, 95, 96, 116, 193, 199, 205, 231, 232, 253, 290, 299, 332, 335, 402, 427, 430, 431, 434, 437, 439, 446, 452, 454, 456, 458, 459, 467, 468, 469, 482, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 491, 492, 493,
494, 496, 497, 501, 503, 504, 505, 507, 510, 514, 515, 520, 523, 524, 525, 526, 531, 533, 535, 537, 557, 559, 566, 575, 576, 577, 581, 582, 584, 585, 593, 594, 596, 597 GJEOPOLITIKA RUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Kosygin 167 Kremlini 19, 317, 38s 67, 100, 229, 246, 258, 261, 262, 263, 269, 276, 277, 278, 283, 286, 294, 296, 297, 299, 303, 304, 306, 307, 316, 317, 324, 327, 336, 345, 351, 352, 356, 361, 362, 380, 381, 386, 387, 388, 390, 394, 400, 409, 428, 435, 442, 460, i 06,5 17 Krimie 7, 36, 62’, 100 , 124, 140, 186, 187, 200, 266, 280, 283, 284, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, 309, 310, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 354, 384, 393, 419, 421, 436, 449, 499, 562 Krisztian Csaplar - Degoviç 471 Kroacia 59, 385, 387, 425, 453, 456, 528, 567 Kthj eilen 47 Kuçma 263, 264, 294, 343 Kuvajt 35, 95, 397 L Lavrov 34, 275, 278, 297, 328, 386, 387, 388, 390, 399, 428, 432,518 Leninin 226 Leonid Grigorieviç Abramov 308, 560, 561 Leon Trotsky 199 Le Pen 354 Letonia 32, 33, 37, 59,228,237, 263 ENVER BYTYÇI Li Boadog 310 Lindsey Graham 386 Lituani 218,396 Lucius D. Clay 160 Lufta Ballkanike 43 Lufta e Veriut 22 Luigjit të XIV 26 Luksemburgu 59 Μ Macmillan 154,157,603 Macron 84, 382, 392, 412, 444, 509 Madeleine Albright 468 Magna Carta 78, 79 Majdan 265,268,270,273,283, 286,319, 324 Mali i Zi 36, 60, 64, 121, 124, 127, 189, 193, 194, 200, 220, 224, 362, 385, 425, 442, 449, 453, 454, 456, 459, 495, 505, 508,511,513,521,540,564 Manfesti Komunist 28 Maqedonia e Veriut 60, 385, 425, 440, 442, 459, 495, 503, 505, 508, 521, 523, 524, 525, 534, 535, 536, 540, 564 Marco Dettweiler 293 Marksit 28 Marrëveshja e Kontrollit të Armatimit 168 Marrëveshja e Paqes e BrestLitovskit 212 Marrëveshja e Paqes e Versajës 25
Marrëveshja e Parish 123, 124 marrëveshja e Shën Stefanit 124 Martin Schulz 273,275,281 611
Martti Ahtisaari 453 Masakra e Tivarit 232, 479 Mbreti Edward I 78 Mbreti Vilhelm I 84 McGeorge Bundy 164 Medvedev 7,277,278,295,297, 298, 333, 348, 349, 350, 363 Menshikov 186 Metternich 122 Michaelin e III 20 Michail Chodorovski 333 Michail Fradkov 333 Micotaqis 488, 489 Mikhail Mishustin 363 Miladin Popoviç 556 Milazim Krasniqi 538 Millanoviç 195 Millosh Kopiliç 205 Milo Gjukanoviç 441,495,496, 501,512,515 Milosheviç 430,451,458,498, 515 Minishengen 442,511,564 Miroslav Lajçak 432, 435 Moldavi 32, 67, 124, 181, 236, 327, 351, 385, 402, 407, 409, 413,442, 446 Molotov 106, 140, 147, 154, 227, 229, 233,234, 241,356 Mongoli 19, 143 Monstesquieu 25 Moska 7, 18, 19, 32, 34, 37, 38, 66, 99, 100, 140, 149, 152, 153, 158, 165, 167, 168, 174, 183, 190, 206, 216, 218, 228, 230, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 612 248, 251, 252, 255, 261, 262, 264, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 285, 287, 288, 291, 297, 299, 301, 302, 304, 305, 307, 311, 316, 323, 324, 326, 327, 332, 341, 343, 345, 351, 360, 379, 380, 382, 387, 388, 389, 390, 394, 399, 403, 407, 410, 416, 417, 418, 421, 435, 441, 444, 456, 460, 494, 495, 506, 532,559,562, 597 Muri i Berlinit 30, 146, 157, 159, 161,241,291 N Nagorni-Karabakut 67 Napoleon 120, 121 NATO 8, 9, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38.55.59. 60.71.72. 74. 75. 76. 77, 81, 83, 89, 90, 94, 95, 100, 108, 115, 116, 137, 143, 152, 154, 221, 243, 262, 263, 264, 266, 274, 279, 280, 281, 286, 287, 291, 297, 298, 299, 305, 314, 332, 337, 338, 343, 345, 351, 355, 362, 379, 380, 381, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392, 395, 396, 397, 398, 402, 409, 412, 413, 414,
415, 416, 417, 420, 427, 432, 433, 442, 444, 453, 454, 460, 461, 467, 481, 482, 483, 484, 495, 496, 497, 498, 502, 505, 506, 507, 509, 525, 528, 530, 531, 534, 535, 536, 538, 541, 542, 543, 544, 552, 553, 559, 560, 562, 563, 569, 570, 576, 577, 580, 597, 598, 601 GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Nicholas J. Spykman 51 Nikolai Asarov 271 Nikolai Bulganin 154 Nikolaus I 181 Nikolla Gruevski 534 Nikolla I 201 Nikolla Pashiq 224, 225 Nils Hoffmann 47, 603 Nixon 168,169,559 Noel Malcolm 468 Novotni 251 О Olaf Scholz 392,396,412 Oleg Tyagnibok 267, 285 Oleksandër Sushko 381 Oleksandr Turchynov 300,319, 322 Oliver Jens Schmitt 455, 603 Open Balkans 442, 497, 508, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 527, 564, 565, 580, 581,592,597, 599 Organizata Botërore e Punës 59 Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë 59 Organizata Botërore e Ushqimit 59 Organizata për Sigurimin dhe Bashkëpunimin në Europë 61 OSBE 61,71,99, 170,270,307, 338, 343, 384, 385, 386, 529, 553 Otto von Bismarck 84, 85, 126 P Pakistan 29 Panama 35 ENVER BYTYÇI Pansllavizëm 182 Pansllavizmi 179, 181, 182, 184, 190, 191, 193 Patriarkati Ortodoks 20 Pavel Gubarev 318 Peleponez 45 Pendarovski 501 Perandoria Osmane 27, 123, 124, 125, 194, 196, 211, 448, 449, 467 Persi 29 Peshkov 317 Peskov 395, 408 Petersburg 22, 183, 197, 198, 236, 276,331,332, 545 Pjetër Arbnori 502 PjetriiMadh 20,21,22,374 Poloni 21, 22, 132, 143, 150, 151, 152, 218, 229, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 247, 249, 396,414,416, 506 Portugalia 49, 59 Potsdam 54, 55, 146, 148, 149, 150,601 Pranvera arabe 16 president! Wilson 92,215,217, 554 Procesi i Berlinit 509, 511, 517, 527 Protokolli i bisedimeve të Jaltës 140 Q Qipro 64, 543 R Rambouillet 35, 62 Ramush Haradinaj 503,510 Rasmussen 280, 286 613
Ratzel 49, 50, 52, 109 Renata Flotau 576 Rens Reuter 457 Republika Popullore e Kinës 16, 62, 74, 76, 96, 97,310,387,417, 418 Republika Srpska 65, 434, 443, 494, 502, 540 revolucioni bolshevik 20, 210, 215 Revolucioni Francez 26 Revolucioni Kulturor 96 RF e Gjermanisë 88, 154 Ribentrop 106, 131, 227, 356 Richard Grenell 503 Robert Kennedy 165 Robert Serry 290 Rosenberg 130 Rusia 7,8,9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20,21,22, 23,24,26, 27, 28, 29, 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,58, 62, 67,71,73,74, 75,76, 78, 84, 93, 98, 99, 104, 107, 108, 115, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 138, 171, 181, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191, 194, 196, 199, 200, 202, 203, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216, 218, 220, 223, 226, 229, 231, 235, 236, 237, 240, 244, 246, 256, 258, 261, 264, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283 285, 286, 287, 614 291, 292, 293, 294, 297, 299, 303, 305, 307, 311, 313, 314, 316, 319, 320, 322, 324, 328, 332, 333, 341, 342, 343, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 352, 355, 358, 362, 363, 365, 366, 369, 371, 373, 379, 380, 383, 384, 386, 387, 389, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 399, 400, 402, 403, 405, 408, 409, 410, 413, 414, 416, 417, 419, 420, 421, 429, 433, 434, 436, 437, 440, 441, 444, 445, 456, 461, 499, 500, 502, 504, 509, 511, 518, 522, 527, 531, 532, 537, 545, 560, 562, 563, 564, 593 Rusia e Katerines 24 S Sakarçenko 271 SALT 167, 168 Sazanov 208 Schröder 274, 338, 344, 365, 388, 406, 412 Selensky 386, 389, 392, 397, 399, 400, 402, 403, 414,421 serbo-kroato-slloven 224 Sergei Ivanov 357 Sergei Lavrov 34, 275, 298, 312, 321, 340, 347, 356, 367, 382, 390, 398, 406, 415, 428, 438, 460, 506, 530, 561, 345,
394, 412, 386, GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
387,399,518 308, 323, 364, 437, 439, 441, Sergej Aksjonov 294, 298, 304 450, 453, 460, 465, 477, 479, Sergej Naryshkin 292 481, 486, 489, 501, 503, 504, Sergey Aksenov 292 505, 510, 519, 520, 521, 523, Serhii Plokhy 405 527, 528, 529, 531, 534, 543, 549, 550, 553, 554, 555, 556, Sevastopol 186,291,295,296 Shaip Kamberi 13, 429, 434, 557, 561, 562, 566, 567, 572, 493, 494, 504 574, 575, 576, 582, 587, 590, Shakashvil 262 593,596 Sharkov 271 Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës SHBA 16, 18, 25, 27, 31, 32, 25,30,35,51,54, 60,61,71,82, 34,42, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 101, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 85, 111, 116, 135, 136, 139, 144, 88,89, 90,91,92, 93,94,95,97, 147, 151, 152, 155, 161, 164, 99, 101, 107, 108, 115, 116, 117, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 173, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 174, 176, 192, 210, 227, 237, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 243, 246, 254, 255, 256, 258, 152, 153, 155, 156, 161, 163, 261, 263, 265, 275, 278, 281, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 288, 295, 299, 305, 307, 314, 176, 177, 211, 212, 219, 233, 315, 316, 346, 347, 387, 388, 236, 237, 239, 240, 242, 243, 396, 409, 414, 420, 432, 437, 246, 249, 254, 255, 256, 257, 559, 577 261, 262, 274, 277, 279, 283, Siberi 156 285, 287, 301, 304, 309, 314, Siegfried Prokop 160,604 315, 316, 317, 326, 328, 334, Simferopol 286, 287, 289, 293 338, 341, 344, 351, 352, 360, Sir Cartwright 198 362, 363, 364, 374, 375, 379, Skënder Shkupi 488 380, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, Sllovakia 59, 64, 209, 217, 355, 389, 390, 391, 392, 397, 398, 385, 395, 425, 506, 507, 528 399, 412, 413, 414, 416, 418,
Sllovenia 59, 385,425,456, 528 419, 420, 421, 427, 429, 433, Sofokli Lazri 549 435, 443, 444, 445, 446, 460, Sonja Biserko 13,426,427,434, 475, 483, 504, 507, 516, 518, 491,492, 503,510,511 522, 523, 524, 525, 532, 539, Srdjan Darmanoviç 518 Stalin 98, 136, 139, 140, 147, 550,552,554,560,562 Shqipëri 8, 11, 15, 143, 152, 153, 176, 206, 226, 228, 230, 220, 226, 231, 244, 246, 254, 232, 233, 237, 238, 239, 240, ENVER BYTYÇI 615
355 Stamboll 123, 125, 127, 186, 194,401,488 Stefan Dushan 503 Stefan Naumov 497 Steffen Siebert 312 Suedi 54, 390 Sulltan Hamidit II 125 Suzana Grubj eshiç 512 Svoboda 252, 331 Synodin e Shenjtë 22 T Taj landës 66 Takimi i Maltës 175 Teheran 57, 136, 137, 138, 139, 150, 235,236, 601 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 208 Thomas Hobbes 25 Thomas Jefferson 91 Thorn 23 Timothy Less 503, 504 Tom Lantos 502 Tony Blair 482 Trajkoviç 496 Traktati i Varshavës 93, 154, 248, 251,253, 258, 478, 559 Tregu i Përbashkët Europian 63, 154 Troll 109, 604 Truman 146, 147, 148 Trump 360, 362, 375, 388, 418, 443, 444, 445,446, 503 Truss 393, 394 Tsipras 541, 545 Turchynov 300, 319, 322 Turkmenistan! 29 616 Turqi 164, 165,415 U Ukraina 7, 33, 37, 67, 229, 230, 232, 258, 263, 266, 268, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 280, 286, 287, 294, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 313, 316, 318, 321, 325, 326, 351, 354, 362, 363, 380, 382, 383, 384, 388, 389, 390, 391, 395, 399, 405, 413, 414, 415, 420, 436, 506, 593, 599 Ukrainskaja Pravda 292 Ulbricht 158, 159 Ulrich Menzel 48 UNCTAD 58 UNDP 58 UNEP 58 UNESCO 59 UNICEF 58 Unioni Afrikan 65 Unioni Ekonomik Euro-Aziatik 66 Ursula von der Leyen 396, 412 V Valentina Matviyenko 301 Vasa Çubrilloviç 204, 452 Vasily Nebenzya 391 Viktor Jushçenko 343 Vili Brandt 160,161 Virginia 25, 26 Vitaly Churkin 290 Vjosa Osmani 501, 510 Vladimir Kostandinov 298 Vladimir Lepjoshin 367, 368, 369 Vladimir Putin 7, 34,35, 37, 38, GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NÈ EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
82, 84, 13 8, 143, 147, 169, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 274, 276, 284, 285, 288, 292, 293, 294, 295, 298, 302, 303, 304, 306, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314, 317, 320, 322, 323, 324, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 357, 358, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 381, 384, 385, 386, 387, 392, 393, 395, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402, 403,- 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 416, 417, 419, 420, 422, 435, 443, 446, 460, 461, 494, 519, 520, 525, 526, 545, 564, 567, 593 vonUgron 198 Vuk Brankoviç 470 VukKaraxhiç 464 Vulin 432, 434 ENVER BYTYÇI w 261, 267, Walter Momper 161 287, Walter Ulbricht 158,159 296, Wilhelm II 104,205,208 307, Wilhelm Wied 477 316, William King 331 326, Wolfgang Baumann 44, 49, 604 334, WTO 99 342, Y 348, Yale 51 354, Yanukovych 67, 264, 265, 266, 361, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 367, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 281, 379, 283, 284, 285, 295, 296, 301, 388, 302, 304, 306, 307, 315, 319, 398, 321,324, 325,326, 342, 343 405, Yeltsin 37, 55, 263, 264, 294, 412, 331, 332, 333, 335, 337, 339, 432, 341,365, 371,375 482, Yves Lacoste 47, 105, 604 544, Z Zbigniew Brzezinski 48,54,604 ZhelyuZhelev 544 Zoran Zaev 510,534 Zvicër 25, 575 617
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PËRMBATJA Parathënie. 7 Hyrje. 15 KAPITULLIIPARË. 39 Gjeopolitika - Koncepti për vlerat e demokracisë, interesat dhe ekuilibrat globalë e lokalë. 39 1.1. Koncepti i përgjithshëm teorik e praktik. 41 1.2. Lindja e Gjeopolitikës si nocion dhe praktikë. 45 1.3. Gjeopolitika moderne. 53 1.4. Subjektet gjeopolitike të shoqërisë moderne. 57 KAPITULLI IDYTË. 69 Ndikimi gjeopolitik i Fuqive të Mëdha. 69 2.1. Britania e Madhe. 78 2.2. Franca. 82 2.3. Gjermania. 84 2.4. Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës. 89 2.5. Republika Popullore e Kinës. 96 2.6. Republika Federate e Rusisë.98 2.7. Japonia. 101 2.8. Mësime për ekuilibrin dhe pasojat e dezekuilibrit të Fuqive të
Mëdha. 102 2.9. Diplomacia e Fuqive të Mëdha për zgjidhjen e konflikteve. 107 3
KAPITULLII TRETE. 113 Roli historik dhe aktual i Fuqive të Mëdha në gjeopolitikën botërore. 113 3.1. Koncepti dhe rendja pas ekuilibrit të Fuqive të Mëdha. 117 3.2. Nga Kongresi i Vjenës te Lufta e Parë Botërore, rendja pas ekulibrit të Fuqive të Mëdha. 123 3.3. Versaja ishte e kundërta e Westfalisë!. 129 3.4. Karta e Atlantikut dhe Konferenca e Teheranit. 134 3.5. Krijimi i rendit të ri botëror - Konferenca e Jaltës. 140 3.6. Rendi gjeopolitik i Luftës së Ftohtë midis dy superfiiqive. 153 KAPITULLI I KATËRT. 181 Pansllavizmi, si doktrinë e influences ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore. 181 4.1. Pansllavizmi - burim i konfliktit në Luftrat Ballkanike. 193 4.2. Lufta e Parë Botërore. 205 4.3. Konferenca e Versajës dhe vendimet e saj. 213 4.4. Komunizmi si ideologji edhe e pansllavizmit. 227 4.5. Shndërrimi i Bashkimit Sovjetik në superfiiqi - Lufta e Ftohtë dhe konflikti Moskë-Washington!. 244 KAPITULLI I PESTÉ. 261 Kriza Ruso-Ukrainase dhe ajo me Gjerogjinë, si kërcënim për paqen dhe sigurinë në Europë. 261 5.1. Zhvillimet dhe rrethanat pas rënies së
komunizmit. 265 5.2. Moska ndez konfliktin e brendshëm në Ukrainë. 279 5.3. Rusia anekson Krimenë. 285 5.4. Referendum! i Krimesë dhe procesi i aneksimit të gadishullit nga ana e Rusisë. 303 5.5. Reagimet e Bashkësisë Ndërkombëtare. 306 4
KAPITULLI GJASHTË. 331 Filozofia dhe doktrina e Vladimir Putin. 331 KAPITULLI SHTATË. 379 Sulmi ushtarak i Rusisë kundër Ukrainës - shkelje e sovranitetit shtetëror. 379 7.1. Arsyetimi i shkaqeve të luftës. 382 7.2. Nga retorika e luftës te sulmet e drejtpërdrejta. 386 7.3. Synimet ruse nëUkrainë. 391 7.4. Ballafaqime diplomatike. 393 7.5. Reagimi i vendosur i Ukrainës dhe skenarët e luftës. 401 7.6. Reagimi i harmonizuar i Perëndimit dhe pozicioni distancues i Kinës. 415 KAPITULLI I TETË. 425 Ballkani dhe synimet e Rusisë për dalje në Adriatik. 425 8.1. Roli dhe aleanca e Serbisë me Rusinë. 427 8.2. Diversiteti etnik, fetar, kulturor e gjuhësor. 438 8.3. Gjeopolitika ballkanike dhe sfidat e pas-rënies së perdes së Luftës së Ftohtë. . 448 8.4. Pse Gadishulli i Ballkanit prodhon kaq shumë histori?!. 457 8.5. Mitet e roli i tyre në pozicionimin gjeopolitik dhe aleancave te popujt e Ballkanit. 463 8.5.1. Një vështrim historik. 465 8.5.2 Pse në qendër të
mitologjisë serbe qëllimisht u vendos legjenda për Betejën e Fushë-Kosovës . 467 8.5.3. Mitet shqiptare. 471 8.5.4. Mitet si iluzion. 474 8.6. Kosova, nyja gordiane e stabilitetit, paqes e sigurisë në Ballkan.485 8.7. Pro dhe kundër ndryshimit të kufijve në Ballkan. 492 5
8.8. Integrim përmes Procesit të Berlinit, apo Open Balkans?!.509 8.9. Perspektiva e munguar e integrimeve euro-atlantike?!. 529 KAPITULLIINËNTË. 547 Interesat strategjike dhe aleancat e Shqipërisë në gjeopolitikë. 547 9.1. Pozicioni gjeopolitik dhe aleancat e Shqipërisë, një veshtrim i shkurtër historik. 551 9.2. Shqipëria dhe lufta në Ukrainë. 560 9.3. Konflikt! i brendshëm pengesë kryesore e realizimit të strategjisë gjeopolitike . 566 9.4. Harmonia dhe ekuilibri i marrëdhënieve Shqipëri-Kosovë.575 9.5. Demokracia dhe forcimi i shtetit të së drejtës, kusht për forcimin e rolit të Shqipërisë.581 9.6. Shqipëria nuk e ka luksin “të krijojë armiq”!. 591 Bibliografia.601 Index. 6 607
BIBLIOGRAFIA Adolf Hitler: Mein Kampf, 2020./224. Aufl. Muenchen 1936. Alexander Fischer (Hrsg.), Teheran, Jalta, Potsdam. Die sowjetischen Protokolle von den Kriegskonferenzen der “Großen Drei“. 2. Aufl., Köln 1973. Alexander Werth: Russland im Krieg 1941 - 1945, Muenchen, 1964. Ana Lalaj, Eriketa Kambo, Sonila Boçi: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro-Hungareze (1912), Vëllimi IV, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë2012. Benno Werlen: Sozialgeographie. Eine Einführung, Bern/Stuttgart/ Wien 2000. Beqir Meta, Muharrem Dezhgiu, Fatmira Musai: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro-Hungareze, Vëllimi V, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie: 19. Auflage; Band 8, Manheim 1989. Christoph Meier, Richard Roßmanith und Heinz-Uwe Schäfer: Wörterbuch zur Sicherheitspolitik; 2003. Constantine Pleshakov: There Is No Freedom Without Bread!: 1989 and the Civil War That Brought Doën Communism, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009. Die Teilung der Welt: Geschichte des Kalten Krieges 1941-1955. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, 2000. Eckhart Tolle: Eine neue Erde. Arkana Verlag Muenchen, 2005. Enver Bytyci: Shqiptaret, serbet dhe greket, Koha, Tirane 2005. Enver Bytyçi: Coercive Diplomacy of NATO in Kosovo. Cambridge Sholars Publishing, London 2015. Enver Bytyçi: Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht.· Fall der Kosovo. Akademischer Verlag, Saarland - Deutschland, 2016. ENVER BYTYÇI 599
Enver Bytyçi: In the Shadows ofAlbania-China Relations (1960- 1978) Cambridge Scholars Publishing, London 2022. Eric Hilgendorf. In: Juristische Schulung. 2008. Ferit Duka, Dritan Egro, Sokol Gjermëni: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro-Hungareze, Vëllimi II, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Frederick Kempe, Berlin 1961: Kennedy, Chruschtschoë und der gefährlichste Ort der Welt. München 2011. Fridrich Wuerthle: Die Spur fuehrt nach Belgrad, Wien-Muenchen, 1975. Gearôid Ô Tuathail: Geopolitik - zur Entstehungsgeschichte einer Disziplin. Geopolitik - Zur Ideologiekritik politischer Raumkonzepte, Kritische Geographie, Band 14, Promedia, Wien 2001. Gerhard Geißler: Europäische Dokumente aus fünf Jahrhunderten. Leipzig 1939. Hamit Kaba, Beqir Meta: Shqipëria në dokumentet Austro- Hungareze, Vëllimi III, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Heinz Brill: Die Bedeutung des Begriffs “Geostrategie“, 1996; Henry A. Kissinger: Memoiren 1973-1974, Band 2, München 1982. Henry A. Kossinger: Diplomacia, Shtepia Botuese Fan Noli, Tirane 2019. Henry Kissinger: Leadership: Six Studies in World Strategy Kindle, 2022 Herbert Ammon: Geopolitik - Zur Wiederkehr eines verloren geglaubten Begriffs im 21. Jahrhundert. Online Buch: https://www. iablis. de/iablis_t/2009/ammon09.html. Hermann Graml: Die Alliierten und die Teilung Deutschlands. Konflikte und Entscheidungen 1941-1948, Frankfurt am Main 1985. Joachim Behnke, Nina Baur, Nathalie Behnke, Empirische Methoden der Politikwissenschaft, A. Francke Verlag, Tuebingen 2010. John B. Dunlop (Hoover Institution): Aleksandr Dugin’s Foundations of
Geopolitics Buchbesprechung, www.4pt.su.
John Lewis Gaddis: Strategies of containment. A critical appraisal of American national security policy during the Cold War Oxford 2005. Josef Becker: Deutsche Frage 1941-1949, in: Becker, Stammen, Waldmann (Hrsg.): Vorgeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Zeischen Kapitualtion und Grundgesetz, UniTaschenbücher, München 1979. Karl Haushofer, Grundlage, Wesen und Ziele der Geopolitik. Konferenz von Jalta: Weltgeschichte der Neuzeit, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn 2005. Kristen Blake, The U.S.-Soviet confrontation in Iran, 1945- 1962. University Press of America, 2009. Maenglen Verli, ledia Dushku: Shqipëria në dokumentet AustroHungareze (1912), Vëllimi IV, Botimet Albanologjike, Tiranë 2012. Manfred Görtemaker: Politischer Zeitgeist und Geopolitik - Über die zeitbedingten Voraussetzungen Wissenschaft, 2000. anwendungsorientierter Margareta Mommsen, Angelika Nussberger: Das System Putin: gelenkte Demokratie und politische Justiz in Russland. Verlag C. H. Beck, 2007. Michael Becker, Johannes Schmidt, Reinhard Zintl: Politische Philosophie, Verlag Ferdinand Schoening, Paderbon, 2021. Michael Weithmann: Kriesenherd Balkan, Hintergruende des aktuellen Konflikts. Nils Urspruenge und Hoffmann: Renaissance der Geopolitik? Die deutsche Sicherheitspolitik nach dem Kalten Krieg. Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2012. Oliver Jens Schmitt: Ballkani në Shekullin XX, Botimet Artini, Prishtinë, 2021. Peter Catterall: The Macmillan Diaries. Prime Minister and After, 1957-1966. Macmillan, London 2003. ENVER BYTYQI 601
Pol Johnson: Kohët moderne. pjesa II, borim shqip, Tiranë Apollonia 2000. Raimund Loew: Einsame Weltmacht - Die USA im Abseits, Ecowin Verlag, Salzburg 2007. Raoul Jacobs: Mandat und Treuhand im Völkerrecht, Universitäts verlag, Göttingen 2004. Rolf Steininger: Die USA und Europa nach 1945 in 38 Kapiteln. LauVerlag, 2018. Rudolf Kjellèn: Der Staat als Lebensform. Berlin 1924. Siegfried Prokop: Die Berliner Mauer (1961-1989). Fakten, Hintergründe, Probleme. Homilius, Berlin 2009. Stephan Hobe, Otto Kumminich: Einfuehrung in das Voelkerrecht.A. Francke Verlag Tuebingen, Basel, Auflage 2000. Theodor Schieder: Europa im Zeitalter der Nationalstaaten und europäische Weltpolitik bis zum I. Weltkrieg (1870-1918). In: ders. (Hrsg.): Handbuch der europäischen Geschichte. Union Verlag, Stuttgart 1968. Ulf Brunbauer- Konrad Clewing: Regensburg 2011. Geschichte Suedosteuropas, Wilfried Loth: Die Teilung der Welt. Geschichte des Kalten Krieges 1941-1955, München 1980. William Norton Medlicott: The Congress of Berlin and After. A Diplomatie History of the Near Eastern Settlement 1878-1880. 2. Auflage. Routledge, London 1963. Winston Churchill: The Second World War. Band 6, London 1953 Wolfgang Baumann und Gunther Hauser: Mitteleuropa - Im geopolitischen Interesse Österreichs, 2001. Yves Lacoste: Geographie und politisches Handeln. Perspektiven einer neuen Geopolitik. Berlin 1990. Carl Troll: Die geographischen Wissenschaften in Deutschland 1933-1945. Erdkunde I, Berlin 1947. Zbigniew Brzezinski: Die einzige Weltmacht - Amerikas Strategie der Vorherrschaft, 1997. 602 GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NË
EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Revista dhe gazeta, portale, radio: APA Bota.al Bota Sot Der Standard Deutschland Radio Die Presse Die Welt Die Zeit DPA Evropa e Lirë Express Frankfurter Allgemaine Zeitung Frankfurter Rundschau Koha NZZ Panorama Sueddeusche Zeitung Suedeutsche Zeitung Syri.net ENVER BYTYÇI 603
INDEX A Ante Trumbiç 224 Abdyl Frashëri 126 Anthony Eden 140, 142, 154, Abedin Dino 127 241 Abkhasi 7, 36, 186, 262, 301, Antoine Pinay 154 389 Anton Siluanov 276 Adam Smith 25 Antony Blinken 387, 392, 562 Afganistan 17, 29, 116, 172, APEC 99 174, 296, 338, 562, 563 Apis Dimitrijeviç 204 Alaska 27 Arabia S audite 62,115 Albin Kurti 510, 533 Arben Xhaferi 503 Aleanca Ballkanike 194, 195, Armenia 66 200,220 Arsen Avakov 287 Aleksander Babakov 354 Arseniy Yatsenyuk 267, 282, Aleksander Dugin 30, 31, 32, 285, 294 33,427,428 Asambleja e Përgjithshme e Aleksander Karagjergjoviç 224 OKB 59 Aleksander Leo Freundlich 199 Ashton 275,282, 312 Aleksander Lukashenko 359 Astrachan 19 Aleksander Rankoviç 253 Austri 406, 539 Aleksander Turçinov 277 Avakov 272, 287 Aleksander Vuçiq 38, 428, 435, AVNOJ 536 493, 494, 501, 510, 519, 520, Azerbajxhan 19, 67 523, 527, 533, 564 В Ballkani Perëndimor 24, 412, Algjerinë 28 442, 444, 445,506, 511,529 Alisha Usmanov 372 Baltike 21,395,416 Ana Politkovskaja 365 AndelkaRogac 365,518 Banka Botërore 59, 62 Banka Europiane për Zhvillim Anders Fogh Rasmussen 280 Angli 25, 28 62 Annalena Bearbock 385, 396 Ban Ki Moon 535 Annamarie Doherr 158 Barack Obama 268, 289, 293, ANTANTA 210 309,315,443 ENVER BYTYÇI 605
Bashar Al Assad 17,403 Bashkësia Ndërkombëtare 35, 300 Bashkimi Europian 62, 63, 65, 71, 89, 263, 269, 279, 300, 307, 312, 314, 316, 355, 391, 407, 420, 442, 443, 497, 500, 506, 510, 529, 544, 598 Bashkimi Sovjetik 30, 71, 72, 86, 98, 99, 108, 116, 136, 138, 139, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 157, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 173, 175, 176, 216, 23 6, 23 8, 240, 243, 251, 328, 375, 397, 404, 450, 575 Baumann 44, 49, 604 BE 8, 33, 37, 42, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 81, 88, 107, 221, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 274, 275, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 299, 304, 305, 306, 307, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 324, 326, 343, 344, 345, 346, 351, 352, 353, 354, 362, 386, 390, 392, 396, 402, 405, 416, 419, 429, 433, 434, 442, 443, 444, 461, 475, 481, 485, 493, 497, 504, 505, 506, 508, 510, 511, 513, 524, 525, 528, 529, 531, 534, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 553, 559, 560, 564, 566, 567, 569, 570, 571, 577, 580, 599 Belgjika 59, 63, 214 Benjamin Disrael 125 Benjamin Gilman 502 606 Benno Werlen 47,48, 601 Berlin 31, 48, 105, 109, 110, 121, 126, 128, 131, 133, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 175, 188, 197, 198, 207, 227, 236, 243, 252, 255, 312, 345, 444, 446, 602, 604 Berlusconi 346 Berthold 197,198,206 Biliana Plavshiç 468 Bismarck 84, 85, 126 Bizantit 20, 192,472 Bjellorusi 32, 152, 236, 271, 379, 385, 392, 405, 442, 446 Blinken 387, 388, 390, 392, 562 Boleslaw Bierut 151 Bonnet 229 Boris Abramoviç Beresovski 332 Boris Tadiq 487, 488, 579 Bosfor 24, 28,42,187, 196, 449 Bosnjë Hercegovinë 17 Bremen 156 Brexit 31, 107 Brezhnev 168,169,251,254 Britania e Madhe
16,31,49,58, 59,61,62,71,78, 82, 85,86, 88, 93, 115,123,125, 131,134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 143, 144, 149, 152, 161, 207, 209, 216, 219, 227, 229, 233, 234, 241, 242, 257, 338, 355, 407, 418, 421, 448, 449, 478, 500, 560, 571 Bukovinë 23 Bullgari 124, 126, 152, 181, 188, 193, 226, 406, 436, 449, 499, 506, 544 GJEOPOLITIKA RUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Bundestag 88 Dugin 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 427, Burbonët 28 428, 602 С Dulles 154 Car Aleksandri II 29 Dushan Mugosha 556 Cari i Madh 22 Dwight D. Eisenhower 154,155 Car Llazari 205, 469 E Carter 54 Edgar Faure 154 Çaushesku 252 Edi Rama 413, 428, 490, 492, Çekia 59, 209, 217, 363, 385, 510, 513, 519, 527, 562, 563, 528, 529 579 Christenkon 333 Eduard Kardelin 244 Clement Attlee 148 Edward Grey 129,198,476 Edward P. Joseph 461, 518 D Egjipti 67 Dancig 23, 217 Eisenhower 154, 155, 156 Danilo Iliç 204 Ekchart Tolle 473 Danimarka 59 Engelsin 28 Dardanele 24, 28, 209 David Cameron 288 Erdogan 341, 346, 360, 401, 415,421,532 David Clelang 331 Eric Hilgendorf 118, 602 David P. Calleo 43 Erich von Falkenhayn 208 David Petraeus 409 Ernest Bevin 148 Dayton 451, 452, 453, 535 Deklarata e Europës së Lirë 145 Ernst Nolte 104 Estonia 32, 33, 37, 59, 218,228, Dimitri Rogozin 315 237,263 Dimitrov 244 EUFOR 17,291,453 Dnjepër 23,410 Dodik 38, 427, 428, 440, 443, euro-atlantike 15,107,190,262, 263, 269, 280, 328, 351, 355, 494, 495,503,512, 526 385, 388, 420, 429, 441, 442, doktrina Marshall 243 444, 445, 463, 481, 490, 494, Doktrina Monroe 27 506, 526, 528, 530, 531, 535, Donald Tusk 286 536, 540, 541, 546, 553, 560, Donbas 379 564, 566, 568, 569, 599 Donetsk 294,318, 319 F Dora e Zezë 206 Fan Stiljan Noli 226 Dritan Abazoviç 413,496,512 Father Orlemanski 238 Dr. Oscar Lange 238 Fatmir Sejdiu 13 Dubçek 250, 251 ENVER BYTYÇI 607
Fatos Nano 576 Federata Ruse 30, 76, 99, 334, 335 Finlanda 22, 33, 37, 218, 228, 309,395,415,598 Fjodorin e III 20 Florian Niederndorfer 400 Fondi Monetär Ndërkombëtar 59, 62, 282 Franca 16,26,27,28,31,49, 58,59,61,62, 63,71,73,82, 83, 84, 85, 86,88, 93, 104,105,115, 119, 123, 131, 132, 141, 144, 147, 148, 149, 152, 161, 185, 186, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 227, 229, 257,- 307, 355, 407, 418, 442, 444, 449, 477, 500, 560 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 103,293,302,317,332,354 Frankfurter Rundschau 158,605 Franz Ferdinand 203, 204, 205, 207,219, 455 Franz Josef Strauss 549 Franz Joseph 205 Frenklin C. Miller 408 Fridrich Ratzel 49, 52 Fridrich Wuerthle 204, 602 Friedrich von Gentz 215 G Gabriel Escobar 432, 435 Gavrilo Princip 203 Genscher 549 George Friedman 74 George H.W. Bush 168,175 George Schultz 173 George W. Bush 338, 347, 387, 608 399,446,482,569 Georgie Martinoviç 469 Gerald Ford 169 Gerhard Schröder 274, 338, 344, 345, 388, 406, 412 Geshov 195 Gjeorgji 7, 15, 19, 32, 34, 35, 100, 261, 262, 298, 299, 324, 385, 402, 407, 436, 442, 446, 499, 532 Gjermania 16,31,49,59,61,62, 63, 73, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 93, 104, 105, 108,115, 125, 132, 133, 138, 141, 142, 146, 161, 162, 175, 182, 186, 189, 196, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 217, 218, 219, 223, 229, 233, 234, 255, 257, 287, 307, 312, 338, 345, 355, 360, 390, 404, 407, 413, 418, 421, 442, 444, 449, 478, 500, 549, 560 Gllasnostit 371 Goethe 464 Gomulka 247 Gorbachev 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177, 366, 375, 550 Greqi 27, 143, 152, 185, 188, 192, 193, 196, 226, 241, 426, 448,465,484,490,531 Gromyko 169
Grotius 117, 118 Guenter Verheugen 313 Günter Schabowski 162 Gylen 415, 438 H Hamza Karçiç 524 Hans Μ. Kristensen 408 GJEOPOLITIKA RUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Harry Truman 147 Hashim Thaçi 485, 491, 492, 533 Hebert Amon 43 Heinz Brill 54, 55, 602 Helmuth von Moltke 208 Helmut König 320 Helsinki 167, 170, 171, 236 Henry Kissinger 48, 54, 169, 602 Herman Van Rompuy 288 Hitler 130, 131, 133, 303, 355, 601 Holm Sundhaussen 447 Horst Seehofer 312 Hugo Grotius 117,118 Hungari 143,152,184,236,242, 245,247, 248, 249, 251,534 I Ibrahim Rugova 559, 585, 596 Ilia Garashanin 192 Ilir Meta 501,510 Immanuel Kant 111, 257 Immanuel Kantin 111,257 Imre Nagy 247, 248 Informbyro 244 Irak 35, 116, 338, 339, 397 Iran 100, 136, 149,403,603 Isa Mustafa 431 Islanda 59 Ismail Kadare 576 Italia 49, 59, 61, 62, 63, 115, 126, 136, 186, 196, 200, 209, 219, 233, 257, 477, 500, 506, 555 IvaniI 19 IvaniIII19 ENVER BYTYÇI Ivanin e V 20 Ivica Daçiç 485, 492 Ivo Andriç 203, 492 J Jacques Chirac 338 Jake Sullivan 384 Jaltë 71, 139, 144, 149, 152, 176, 240, 246, 278, 478 James Baker 398 James Monroe 27, 91, 92 Jan Herkel 182 Janis Koletis 192 Janushkeviç 208 Janusz Bugaj ski 517 Japonia 16, 61, 62, 89, 93, 101, 115, 146, 151, 209, 210, 219, 233,560 Jean Jacques Rousseau 25 Jen Psaki 386 Jens Stoltenberg 395 Jimmy Carter 54 Joe Biden 295, 374, 379, 386, 407, 416, 446, 507, 524, 526 John Kerry 275 John Locke 25 Joschka Fischer 576 José Manuel Barroso 280 Joseph R.Biden, Jr 502 Julian Staib 287, 318 Juraj Krizaniç 182 К Kadirov 336, 337 Kaiser Vilhelm II 85 Kaliningrad 296 Kamala Harris 392 Kanalin e Panamasë 41 Kanalin e Suezit 41,42 609
Karin Kneissl 406 Karl Haushofer 48, 52, 603 Karli XII 22 Karl Kaser 539 Karta e Atlantikut 57, 133, 134, 135 Kasjanov 333 Katerina 23, 24, 284, 370 Katerina e Madhe 284, 370 Kaukaz 100, 403, 531 Kazakistan 19 Kazan 19 Këshilli i Aleancës së Atlantikut 60 Këshilli i Europës 60, 99, 508, 570 Këshilli i Lartë Aristokrat 78 Këshilli i Sigurimit 17, 58, 71, 91, 107, 115, 324, 420, 453 KFOR 17,36,291,402,453 Kharkiv 271,273,318,319,394 Kiev 17, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269, 272, 274, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, 290, 292, 293, 295, 298, 301, 304, 306, 307, 313, 314, 316, 318, 319, 322, 324, 325, 326, 327, 343, 382, 388, 390, 394, 400, 404,411,412,413, 562 Kirgistani 66 Kisha Ortodokse 20, 193, 496, 564 Kisha Ortodokse Bullgare 193 Kjellen 50, 109, 110 KNER 93, 153, 176, 251, 258, 559 Kohl 549 610 Komiteti i Ministrave 60 Konfederata e Danubit 137 Konferenca e Gjenevës 154 Konferenca e Jaltës 139, 141, 142, 176 Konferenca e Kazablankës 135 Konferenca e Paqes e Parish 28 Konferenca e Parish 156, 157, 187, 224, 404 Konferenca e Potsdamit 146, 151 Konferenca e Sigurimit dhe B ashkëpunimit Europian 61 Konferenca eVersajës 117,129, 141,212,213,216, 223,477 Kongresi i Berlinit 126, 128, 196, 200, 448 Kongresi i Vjenës 120,121,122 Konrad Adenauer 87, 155, 157 Konrad Clewing 186,187,604 Konstantin Mallofejev 495 Konti Berthold 197 Konventa e të Drejtave të Njeriut 60 Kosovë 15, 17, 35, 36, 95, 96, 116, 193, 199, 205, 231, 232, 253, 290, 299, 332, 335, 402, 427, 430, 431, 434, 437, 439, 446, 452, 454, 456, 458, 459, 467, 468, 469, 482, 484, 485, 486, 487, 488, 491, 492, 493,
494, 496, 497, 501, 503, 504, 505, 507, 510, 514, 515, 520, 523, 524, 525, 526, 531, 533, 535, 537, 557, 559, 566, 575, 576, 577, 581, 582, 584, 585, 593, 594, 596, 597 GJEOPOLITIKA RUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Kosygin 167 Kremlini 19, 317, 38s 67, 100, 229, 246, 258, 261, 262, 263, 269, 276, 277, 278, 283, 286, 294, 296, 297, 299, 303, 304, 306, 307, 316, 317, 324, 327, 336, 345, 351, 352, 356, 361, 362, 380, 381, 386, 387, 388, 390, 394, 400, 409, 428, 435, 442, 460, i 06,5 17 Krimie 7, '36, 62’, 100 , 124, 140, 186, 187, 200, 266, 280, 283, 284, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, 309, 310, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 326, 327, 354, 384, 393, 419, 421, 436, 449, 499, 562 Krisztian Csaplar - Degoviç 471 Kroacia 59, 385, 387, 425, 453, 456, 528, 567 Kthj eilen 47 Kuçma 263, 264, 294, 343 Kuvajt 35, 95, 397 L Lavrov 34, 275, 278, 297, 328, 386, 387, 388, 390, 399, 428, 432,518 Leninin 226 Leonid Grigorieviç Abramov 308, 560, 561 Leon Trotsky 199 Le Pen 354 Letonia 32, 33, 37, 59,228,237, 263 ENVER BYTYÇI Li Boadog 310 Lindsey Graham 386 Lituani 218,396 Lucius D. Clay 160 Lufta Ballkanike 43 Lufta e Veriut 22 Luigjit të XIV 26 Luksemburgu 59 Μ Macmillan 154,157,603 Macron 84, 382, 392, 412, 444, 509 Madeleine Albright 468 Magna Carta 78, 79 Majdan 265,268,270,273,283, 286,319, 324 Mali i Zi 36, 60, 64, 121, 124, 127, 189, 193, 194, 200, 220, 224, 362, 385, 425, 442, 449, 453, 454, 456, 459, 495, 505, 508,511,513,521,540,564 Manfesti Komunist 28 Maqedonia e Veriut 60, 385, 425, 440, 442, 459, 495, 503, 505, 508, 521, 523, 524, 525, 534, 535, 536, 540, 564 Marco Dettweiler 293 Marksit 28 Marrëveshja e Kontrollit të Armatimit 168 Marrëveshja e Paqes e BrestLitovskit 212 Marrëveshja e Paqes e Versajës 25
Marrëveshja e Parish 123, 124 marrëveshja e Shën Stefanit 124 Martin Schulz 273,275,281 611
Martti Ahtisaari 453 Masakra e Tivarit 232, 479 Mbreti Edward I 78 Mbreti Vilhelm I 84 McGeorge Bundy 164 Medvedev 7,277,278,295,297, 298, 333, 348, 349, 350, 363 Menshikov 186 Metternich 122 Michaelin e III 20 Michail Chodorovski 333 Michail Fradkov 333 Micotaqis 488, 489 Mikhail Mishustin 363 Miladin Popoviç 556 Milazim Krasniqi 538 Millanoviç 195 Millosh Kopiliç 205 Milo Gjukanoviç 441,495,496, 501,512,515 Milosheviç 430,451,458,498, 515 Minishengen 442,511,564 Miroslav Lajçak 432, 435 Moldavi 32, 67, 124, 181, 236, 327, 351, 385, 402, 407, 409, 413,442, 446 Molotov 106, 140, 147, 154, 227, 229, 233,234, 241,356 Mongoli 19, 143 Monstesquieu 25 Moska 7, 18, 19, 32, 34, 37, 38, 66, 99, 100, 140, 149, 152, 153, 158, 165, 167, 168, 174, 183, 190, 206, 216, 218, 228, 230, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 612 248, 251, 252, 255, 261, 262, 264, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 284, 285, 287, 288, 291, 297, 299, 301, 302, 304, 305, 307, 311, 316, 323, 324, 326, 327, 332, 341, 343, 345, 351, 360, 379, 380, 382, 387, 388, 389, 390, 394, 399, 403, 407, 410, 416, 417, 418, 421, 435, 441, 444, 456, 460, 494, 495, 506, 532,559,562, 597 Muri i Berlinit 30, 146, 157, 159, 161,241,291 N Nagorni-Karabakut 67 Napoleon 120, 121 NATO 8, 9, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38.55.59. 60.71.72. 74. 75. 76. 77, 81, 83, 89, 90, 94, 95, 100, 108, 115, 116, 137, 143, 152, 154, 221, 243, 262, 263, 264, 266, 274, 279, 280, 281, 286, 287, 291, 297, 298, 299, 305, 314, 332, 337, 338, 343, 345, 351, 355, 362, 379, 380, 381, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 392, 395, 396, 397, 398, 402, 409, 412, 413, 414,
415, 416, 417, 420, 427, 432, 433, 442, 444, 453, 454, 460, 461, 467, 481, 482, 483, 484, 495, 496, 497, 498, 502, 505, 506, 507, 509, 525, 528, 530, 531, 534, 535, 536, 538, 541, 542, 543, 544, 552, 553, 559, 560, 562, 563, 569, 570, 576, 577, 580, 597, 598, 601 GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
Nicholas J. Spykman 51 Nikolai Asarov 271 Nikolai Bulganin 154 Nikolaus I 181 Nikolla Gruevski 534 Nikolla I 201 Nikolla Pashiq 224, 225 Nils Hoffmann 47, 603 Nixon 168,169,559 Noel Malcolm 468 Novotni 251 О Olaf Scholz 392,396,412 Oleg Tyagnibok 267, 285 Oleksandër Sushko 381 Oleksandr Turchynov 300,319, 322 Oliver Jens Schmitt 455, 603 Open Balkans 442, 497, 508, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 525, 526, 527, 564, 565, 580, 581,592,597, 599 Organizata Botërore e Punës 59 Organizata Botërore e Shëndetësisë 59 Organizata Botërore e Ushqimit 59 Organizata për Sigurimin dhe Bashkëpunimin në Europë 61 OSBE 61,71,99, 170,270,307, 338, 343, 384, 385, 386, 529, 553 Otto von Bismarck 84, 85, 126 P Pakistan 29 Panama 35 ENVER BYTYÇI Pansllavizëm 182 Pansllavizmi 179, 181, 182, 184, 190, 191, 193 Patriarkati Ortodoks 20 Pavel Gubarev 318 Peleponez 45 Pendarovski 501 Perandoria Osmane 27, 123, 124, 125, 194, 196, 211, 448, 449, 467 Persi 29 Peshkov 317 Peskov 395, 408 Petersburg 22, 183, 197, 198, 236, 276,331,332, 545 Pjetër Arbnori 502 PjetriiMadh 20,21,22,374 Poloni 21, 22, 132, 143, 150, 151, 152, 218, 229, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 242, 247, 249, 396,414,416, 506 Portugalia 49, 59 Potsdam 54, 55, 146, 148, 149, 150,601 Pranvera arabe 16 president! Wilson 92,215,217, 554 Procesi i Berlinit 509, 511, 517, 527 Protokolli i bisedimeve të Jaltës 140 Q Qipro 64, 543 R Rambouillet 35, 62 Ramush Haradinaj 503,510 Rasmussen 280, 286 613
Ratzel 49, 50, 52, 109 Renata Flotau 576 Rens Reuter 457 Republika Popullore e Kinës 16, 62, 74, 76, 96, 97,310,387,417, 418 Republika Srpska 65, 434, 443, 494, 502, 540 revolucioni bolshevik 20, 210, 215 Revolucioni Francez 26 Revolucioni Kulturor 96 RF e Gjermanisë 88, 154 Ribentrop 106, 131, 227, 356 Richard Grenell 503 Robert Kennedy 165 Robert Serry 290 Rosenberg 130 Rusia 7,8,9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 19, 20,21,22, 23,24,26, 27, 28, 29, 30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,58, 62, 67,71,73,74, 75,76, 78, 84, 93, 98, 99, 104, 107, 108, 115, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 138, 171, 181, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191, 194, 196, 199, 200, 202, 203, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216, 218, 220, 223, 226, 229, 231, 235, 236, 237, 240, 244, 246, 256, 258, 261, 264, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283 285, 286, 287, 614 291, 292, 293, 294, 297, 299, 303, 305, 307, 311, 313, 314, 316, 319, 320, 322, 324, 328, 332, 333, 341, 342, 343, 345, 346, 348, 349, 351, 352, 355, 358, 362, 363, 365, 366, 369, 371, 373, 379, 380, 383, 384, 386, 387, 389, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 399, 400, 402, 403, 405, 408, 409, 410, 413, 414, 416, 417, 419, 420, 421, 429, 433, 434, 436, 437, 440, 441, 444, 445, 456, 461, 499, 500, 502, 504, 509, 511, 518, 522, 527, 531, 532, 537, 545, 560, 562, 563, 564, 593 Rusia e Katerines 24 S Sakarçenko 271 SALT 167, 168 Sazanov 208 Schröder 274, 338, 344, 365, 388, 406, 412 Selensky 386, 389, 392, 397, 399, 400, 402, 403, 414,421 serbo-kroato-slloven 224 Sergei Ivanov 357 Sergei Lavrov 34, 275, 298, 312, 321, 340, 347, 356, 367, 382, 390, 398, 406, 415, 428, 438, 460, 506, 530, 561, 345,
394, 412, 386, GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NË EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
387,399,518 308, 323, 364, 437, 439, 441, Sergej Aksjonov 294, 298, 304 450, 453, 460, 465, 477, 479, Sergej Naryshkin 292 481, 486, 489, 501, 503, 504, Sergey Aksenov 292 505, 510, 519, 520, 521, 523, Serhii Plokhy 405 527, 528, 529, 531, 534, 543, 549, 550, 553, 554, 555, 556, Sevastopol 186,291,295,296 Shaip Kamberi 13, 429, 434, 557, 561, 562, 566, 567, 572, 493, 494, 504 574, 575, 576, 582, 587, 590, Shakashvil 262 593,596 Sharkov 271 Shtetet e Bashkuara të Amerikës SHBA 16, 18, 25, 27, 31, 32, 25,30,35,51,54, 60,61,71,82, 34,42, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 86, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 101, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 81, 83, 85, 111, 116, 135, 136, 139, 144, 88,89, 90,91,92, 93,94,95,97, 147, 151, 152, 155, 161, 164, 99, 101, 107, 108, 115, 116, 117, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 173, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 174, 176, 192, 210, 227, 237, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 243, 246, 254, 255, 256, 258, 152, 153, 155, 156, 161, 163, 261, 263, 265, 275, 278, 281, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 288, 295, 299, 305, 307, 314, 176, 177, 211, 212, 219, 233, 315, 316, 346, 347, 387, 388, 236, 237, 239, 240, 242, 243, 396, 409, 414, 420, 432, 437, 246, 249, 254, 255, 256, 257, 559, 577 261, 262, 274, 277, 279, 283, Siberi 156 285, 287, 301, 304, 309, 314, Siegfried Prokop 160,604 315, 316, 317, 326, 328, 334, Simferopol 286, 287, 289, 293 338, 341, 344, 351, 352, 360, Sir Cartwright 198 362, 363, 364, 374, 375, 379, Skënder Shkupi 488 380, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, Sllovakia 59, 64, 209, 217, 355, 389, 390, 391, 392, 397, 398, 385, 395, 425, 506, 507, 528 399, 412, 413, 414, 416, 418,
Sllovenia 59, 385,425,456, 528 419, 420, 421, 427, 429, 433, Sofokli Lazri 549 435, 443, 444, 445, 446, 460, Sonja Biserko 13,426,427,434, 475, 483, 504, 507, 516, 518, 491,492, 503,510,511 522, 523, 524, 525, 532, 539, Srdjan Darmanoviç 518 Stalin 98, 136, 139, 140, 147, 550,552,554,560,562 Shqipëri 8, 11, 15, 143, 152, 153, 176, 206, 226, 228, 230, 220, 226, 231, 244, 246, 254, 232, 233, 237, 238, 239, 240, ENVER BYTYÇI 615
355 Stamboll 123, 125, 127, 186, 194,401,488 Stefan Dushan 503 Stefan Naumov 497 Steffen Siebert 312 Suedi 54, 390 Sulltan Hamidit II 125 Suzana Grubj eshiç 512 Svoboda 252, 331 Synodin e Shenjtë 22 T Taj landës 66 Takimi i Maltës 175 Teheran 57, 136, 137, 138, 139, 150, 235,236, 601 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 208 Thomas Hobbes 25 Thomas Jefferson 91 Thorn 23 Timothy Less 503, 504 Tom Lantos 502 Tony Blair 482 Trajkoviç 496 Traktati i Varshavës 93, 154, 248, 251,253, 258, 478, 559 Tregu i Përbashkët Europian 63, 154 Troll 109, 604 Truman 146, 147, 148 Trump 360, 362, 375, 388, 418, 443, 444, 445,446, 503 Truss 393, 394 Tsipras 541, 545 Turchynov 300, 319, 322 Turkmenistan! 29 616 Turqi 164, 165,415 U Ukraina 7, 33, 37, 67, 229, 230, 232, 258, 263, 266, 268, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 280, 286, 287, 294, 297, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 313, 316, 318, 321, 325, 326, 351, 354, 362, 363, 380, 382, 383, 384, 388, 389, 390, 391, 395, 399, 405, 413, 414, 415, 420, 436, 506, 593, 599 Ukrainskaja Pravda 292 Ulbricht 158, 159 Ulrich Menzel 48 UNCTAD 58 UNDP 58 UNEP 58 UNESCO 59 UNICEF 58 Unioni Afrikan 65 Unioni Ekonomik Euro-Aziatik 66 Ursula von der Leyen 396, 412 V Valentina Matviyenko 301 Vasa Çubrilloviç 204, 452 Vasily Nebenzya 391 Viktor Jushçenko 343 Vili Brandt 160,161 Virginia 25, 26 Vitaly Churkin 290 Vjosa Osmani 501, 510 Vladimir Kostandinov 298 Vladimir Lepjoshin 367, 368, 369 Vladimir Putin 7, 34,35, 37, 38, GJEOPOLITIKARUSE NÈ EUROPËN LINDORE DHE JUGLINDORE
82, 84, 13 8, 143, 147, 169, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 274, 276, 284, 285, 288, 292, 293, 294, 295, 298, 302, 303, 304, 306, 309, 310, 311, 313, 314, 317, 320, 322, 323, 324, 327, 329, 331, 332, 333, 336, 338, 339, 340, 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 357, 358, 359, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 369, 371, 372, 373, 374, 381, 384, 385, 386, 387, 392, 393, 395, 396, 397, 400, 401, 402, 403,- 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 416, 417, 419, 420, 422, 435, 443, 446, 460, 461, 494, 519, 520, 525, 526, 545, 564, 567, 593 vonUgron 198 Vuk Brankoviç 470 VukKaraxhiç 464 Vulin 432, 434 ENVER BYTYÇI w 261, 267, Walter Momper 161 287, Walter Ulbricht 158,159 296, Wilhelm II 104,205,208 307, Wilhelm Wied 477 316, William King 331 326, Wolfgang Baumann 44, 49, 604 334, WTO 99 342, Y 348, Yale 51 354, Yanukovych 67, 264, 265, 266, 361, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 367, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 281, 379, 283, 284, 285, 295, 296, 301, 388, 302, 304, 306, 307, 315, 319, 398, 321,324, 325,326, 342, 343 405, Yeltsin 37, 55, 263, 264, 294, 412, 331, 332, 333, 335, 337, 339, 432, 341,365, 371,375 482, Yves Lacoste 47, 105, 604 544, Z Zbigniew Brzezinski 48,54,604 ZhelyuZhelev 544 Zoran Zaev 510,534 Zvicër 25, 575 617 |
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| id | DE-604.BV049399825 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:03:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T10:06:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789928411280 |
| language | Albanian |
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| publisher | Institute of Southeast European Studies - ISES |
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| spelling | Bytyçi, Enver 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)159358507 aut Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore [Prof. Asoc. Dr.] Enver Bytyçi Tiranë & Prishtinë Institute of Southeast European Studies - ISES 2022 618 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd rswk-swf Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Balkanhalbinsel (DE-588)4004334-4 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X s Balkanhalbinsel (DE-588)4004334-4 g Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727086&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727086&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727086&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Bytyçi, Enver 1955- Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4156741-9 (DE-588)106969780X (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4004334-4 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore |
| title_auth | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore |
| title_exact_search | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore |
| title_full | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore [Prof. Asoc. Dr.] Enver Bytyçi |
| title_fullStr | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore [Prof. Asoc. Dr.] Enver Bytyçi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore [Prof. Asoc. Dr.] Enver Bytyçi |
| title_short | Gjeopolitika ruse në Europën Lindore dhe Juglindore |
| title_sort | gjeopolitika ruse ne europen lindore dhe juglindore |
| topic | Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd |
| topic_facet | Geopolitik Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg Russland Balkanhalbinsel Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727086&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727086&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034727086&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bytycienver gjeopolitikaruseneeuropenlindoredhejuglindore |